Pipistrel Virus 912 Скачать руководство пользователя

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VIRUS

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VIRUS

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Operational velocities

Speed limits

Velocity

TAS

[km/h (kts)]

Remarks

Vmax

Maximum permitted

horizontal speed

240

(130)

Never exceed this speed in horizontal flight.

When flying close to the Vmax never use more

than one third of controls' deflecions.

VNE

Velocity never to be

exceeded

249

(134)

Never exceed this speed. Should the VNE be

exceeded, land as soon as possible and have the

aircraft verified for airworthiness by authorised

service personnel.

VRA

Maximum safe velocity

in rough air

141

(76)

Exceed this speed in calm air only and even

then with great caution.

Manoeuvering velocity

141

(76)

Do not use rough or full stick and

rudder deflecions above this speed.

VFE

Max. velocity flaps

extended

130

(70)

Do not exceed this speed with flaps

extended.

VAE

Max. velocity of airbra-

ke extention

160

(86)

Do not extend spoilers above this

speed.

Airspeed indicator markings

MARKING

TAS [km/h (kts)]

Definition

white arc

64 -130

(34 - 70)

Speed range where flaps may be extended. Lower end is defined

as 110% of VS (stall speed in landing configuration at MTOM),

upper end of speed range is limited by VFE (see above).

green arc

66 -141

(36 - 76)

Speed range of normal operation. Lower end is defined as 110%

of VS1 (stall speed at MTOM with flaps in neutral position), upper

end is limited by VRA (see above).

yellow arc

141 - 240

(76-130)

Manouvre the aircraft with great caution in calm air only.

red line

240 - 249

(130 - 134)

Maximum speed allowed.

blue line

130

(70)

Best climb rate speed (V

)

Indicated airspeed (IAS) to true airspeed (TAS) relation

Airspeed indicator measures the difference between total and static pressure (also called dynamic pressure),

which does not only change as speed increases, but is also linked with altitude. Flying at high altitudes, where

the air is getting thinner, results in misinterpreting airspeed which is being indicated. The indicated airspeed

value is actually lower than the true airspeed to which the aircraft is exposed. The higher you fly, the bigger the

Introduction

This chapter provides information about operational restrictions, instrument markings and basic

knowledge on safe operation of aircraft, engine and on-board appliances.

Limitations

Содержание Virus 912

Страница 1: ...nal manual of Pipistrel d o o Ajdovscina Should third party translations to other languages contain any inconsistencies Pipistrel d o o denies all responsibility applies to Virus 912 equipped with Rot...

Страница 2: ...ipistrel si REV 0 Virus model Serial number Date of manufacture Aircraft empty weight kg Fuel weight Available cargo weight Installed appliances included in aircraft empty weight Date and place of iss...

Страница 3: ...Signature Stamp Original date of Approval This aircraft is to be operated in compliance with information and limitations contained herein The original English Language edition of this manual has been...

Страница 4: ...ll revised pages should be clearly designated in the upper right corner of the page also any changes in page content should be clearly visible e g marked with a bold black vertical line Name of revisi...

Страница 5: ...ions 13 20 Original Emergency procedures 21 24 Original Normal procedures 25 38 Original Performance 39 46 Original Weight and balance 47 52 Original Aircraft and systems on board 53 66 Original Handl...

Страница 6: ...6 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 7: ...VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 Table of contents General Limitations Emergency procedures Normal procedures Performance Weight and balance Aircraft and systems on board Handling and maintenance Appendi...

Страница 8: ...8 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 9: ...9 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 Introduction Certification basis Notes and remarks Technical data Aircraft projections General General...

Страница 10: ...P 03 of Virus ultralight aircraft Virus is certified at URSZP according to the standards of the Republic of Slovenia and the Type Certificate no __AT ULN 02__ dated 09 07 1999 as an Ultralight aircraf...

Страница 11: ...11 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 Aircraft projections General...

Страница 12: ...12 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 13: ...oduction Operational velocities Engine fuel oil Weight limits Centre of gravity limits Manoeuvre limits G load factors Cockpit crew Types of operations Minimum equipment list Other restrictions Warnin...

Страница 14: ...tended Lower end is defined as 110 of VS stall speed in landing configuration at MTOM upper end of speed range is limited by VFE see above green arc 66 141 36 76 Speed range of normal operation Lower...

Страница 15: ...servicable altitude range VNE for Virus is 249 km h 134 kts TAS Note how VNE decreases at higher altitudes IAS TAS graphs standard ICAO atmosphere WARNING Above pressure altitude of 1000 meters 3300 f...

Страница 16: ...0 engine revolutions RPM on ground recommended 5500 RPM on ground max allowable 5800 magneto check at RPM 4000 max single magneto drop RPM 300 Fuel and oil ROTAX ENGINE 912 UL recommended fuel unlead...

Страница 17: ...0 472 5 kg fuel capacity 2 x 30 l max fuel weight allowable 45 6 kg minimum cockpit crew weight no limit maximum cockpit crew weight 180 kg joint parachute rescue sys and luggage weight 18 kg WARNING...

Страница 18: ...s not below 150 meters 500 feet above ground level Power on and off lazy eights not below 150 meters 500 feet above ground level Steep turns with a maximum bank of 60 and initial speed of 160 km h 85...

Страница 19: ...sur face freezing to the airframe Minimum equipment list Airspeed indicator Altimeter Compass Tachometer RPM Other restrictions Due to flight safety reasons it is forbidden to fly in heavy rainfalls f...

Страница 20: ...20 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 21: ...RUS www pipistrel si REV 0 Introduction Stall recovery Spin recovery Engine failure Landing out Engine fire Smoke in cockpit Carburator icing Flutter Exceeding VNE Emergencyprocedures Emergency proced...

Страница 22: ...by itself usually after having spinned for a mere 90 WARNING Keep the control stick centred along its lateral axis no aileron deflections throughout the recovery phase Do not attempt to stop the aircr...

Страница 23: ...ves 2 Master switch OFF key in full left position 3 Approach and land with extreme caution maintaining proper airspeed 4 After having landed abandon the aircraft immediately The landing out manoeuvre...

Страница 24: ...obability of carburator icing is increased by planes equipped with two stroke engines using a separate oil injection unit and four stroke engines The carburator air intake in the Virus is preheated ru...

Страница 25: ...25 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 Introduction Assembling and disassembling the aircraft Daily check up Preflight check up Normal procedures and recommended speeds Normalprocedures Normal procedures...

Страница 26: ...fuselage fittings prop erly At the same time the person holding the wingtip must start with slight circular move ments 1cm each direction in order to assure a tight fit of the wing and its adequate b...

Страница 27: ...t Once the fuel tanks are empty disconnect the fuel hoses inside the cockpit as well Make sure you tape the end attached to the wing not to spill any eventual leftover fuel over the fuselage or glass...

Страница 28: ...ollowing procedure To fit the horizon tal tail surfaces first set the trim handle inside the cockpit to full forward position Make sure the pins their holes and bushings have been cleaned and greased...

Страница 29: ...nuts tightened check full rudder deflections for smooth unobstructed movement Detaching the rudder Deflect the rudder to one side fully and unscrew the nut of the bolt with which the rudder is at tach...

Страница 30: ...UST be repaired prior to engine start up Disobeying this instruc tions may result in serious further damage to the plane and crew including injury and loss of life Schematic of preflight check up 1 En...

Страница 31: ...al damage e g cracks impact spots screws tightened Bolts and nuts secured Nose wheel grab aircraft s propeller and push it towards the ground to verify proper nose wheel suspension operation Then lift...

Страница 32: ...t Fuel reservoir cap fastened Make sure the pipe is completely clean Fuselage antenna rescue parachute hood Self adhesive tape in position no separations Controls cap antenna firmly attached Fuselage...

Страница 33: ...ng test the switches check connectors and headset perform radio check Battery some models firmly in position check water level if not dry version joints clean with wires connected Emergency parachute...

Страница 34: ...ckwards and hold it there for some 20 seconds to make mixture richer Engine warm up procedure The engine should be warmed up at 2500 RPM up to the point working temperature is reached Warming up the e...

Страница 35: ...the engine faster Take off and initial climb Before lining up verify the following Spoilers retracted and secured Fuel valves fully open Fuel quantity sufficient Safety harnesses fastened Cabin doors...

Страница 36: ...down Check engine operation and flight parameters regularly WARNING Virus 912 is sensitive to correct flap settings To maintain excellent and safe flight performance it is important to set flaps accor...

Страница 37: ...touchdown flare should be performed at following airspeeds Calm air aircraft at MTOM 75 km h 40 kts IAS Rough air aircraft at MTOM incl strong crosswinds up to 28 km h 15 kts 78 km h 42 kts IAS CAUTIO...

Страница 38: ...to the left fully Unlock spoilers handle hanging down freely and insert paracute rescue system handle s safe ty pin if rescue system installed Open cabin door unfasten safety harnesses and exit the c...

Страница 39: ...trel si REV 0 Introduction Airspeed indicator calibration Take off performance Climb performance Cruise Descent Landing performance Vg diagram Speed polar Additional technical data Noise levels Perfor...

Страница 40: ...ows flaps in negative position 5 up 76 km h 41 0 kts flaps in neutral position 0 neutral 72 km h 39 2 kts flaps in 1st position 9 down 68 km h 36 3 kts flaps in 2nd position 18 down 64 km h 34 5 kts T...

Страница 41: ...e atmospheric conditions L0 takeoff runway length at 15 C The graph below indicates how takeoff runway length changes as altitude increases Rotax 912 50 160 150 500 200 650 100 330 250 820 takeoff run...

Страница 42: ...shed in the manual WARNING Tailwind affects takeoff and landing performance by more than twice as much as headwind does The table below provides data about the effect of headwind and tailwind on takeo...

Страница 43: ...ate at MTOM 6 2 m s 1240 fpm climb rate at 140 km h 75 kts 5 9 m s 1180 fpm Effect of elevation The table below provides data about the effect of elevation on climb rate at best climb speed Vy Virus M...

Страница 44: ...erative in flight as a result of either intended or unintended action and it cannot be restarted react as follows establish rightened flight at the speed providing best lift over drag ratio if you des...

Страница 45: ...ortions must be in excess of 250 x 30 meters 820 x 100 feet with no obstacles in 4 range off runway heading in order ensure safe flying activity Use of shorter strips should be considered a major exce...

Страница 46: ...24 lift over drag ratio at 150 km h VARIO prop 1 14 takeoff runway length at MTOM VARIO prop 95 m 310 ft takeoff runway length at MTOM over 15 m obst 172 m 565 ft service ceiling at MTOM 8100 m 26 50...

Страница 47: ...47 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 Weight and balance Introduction Weighing procedure Equipment list Determination of CG Sample CG calculation Weightandbalance...

Страница 48: ...op marking Retract flaps and spoilers leave control surfaces centred Level the aircraft inside a closed space To do this use the provided airfoil template at lower side of the wing close to the wing r...

Страница 49: ...red and position of CG re determined Furthermore the momentum must be recalculated This is rather unchalanging to do First mul tiply the new part s weight by it s lever arm measured from the reference...

Страница 50: ...eters mm from the datum wing s leading edge at wing root For Tail wheel edition of Virus use the following formula where G2tail is the scale reading at the tail wheel Gtotal is the sum of G1 and G2tai...

Страница 51: ...he formulas using the weights and c g of your empty aircraft and the planned amount of baggage for your flight CAUTION The baggage weight limitations mentioned on page 15 of this manual represent fool...

Страница 52: ...52 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 53: ...nt panel Undercarriage Seats and safety harnesses Pitot static lining Air brakes spoilers Power plant and propeller Fuel system Electrical system Engine cooling system Engine lubrication system Wheel...

Страница 54: ...of the cabin Fuel hose connectors are self securing this prevents fuel spills when disassembling the aircraft The gascolator is located beneath the lower engine cover Refuelling can be done by pouring...

Страница 55: ...e of glass carbon and kevlar fiber manufactured by Interglas GmbH All parts have been tested at safety factor 1 8 meaning stressed to 7 2 G All parts are made in moulds therefore no shape or structura...

Страница 56: ...rs throttle lever chock lever flap lever trim lever airbrakes lever fuel valves door levers battery disconnection lever ring and emergency parachute release handle Instrument panel Aircraft and system...

Страница 57: ...he multifunction instrument to be switched ON seperately from the aircraft s master switch Always make sure the instrument is switched OFF when you leave the aircraft not to discharge its internal bat...

Страница 58: ...r heads watercooled own radiator and pump other moving parts oilcooled own radiator and pump lubrication centrally oiled own oil pump and radiator reduction gearbox integrated reduction ratio 1 2 27 e...

Страница 59: ...opeller pitch is increased When taking off always make sure propeller is set to minimum pitch to ensure maximum engine efficiency To set the propeller to minimum pitch screw the propeller pitch knob l...

Страница 60: ...se slightly rotate it counter clock wise for 20 and gently push it all the way to the instrument panel WARNING Do not under any circumstances attempt to restart the engine while the propel ler is feat...

Страница 61: ...adout may be incorrect Flying with less than 3 cm 1 Inch of indicated fuel measured from the bottom of the tube upwards in any of the reser voirs is therefore regarded as hazardous any may result in e...

Страница 62: ...d the battery disconnection ring The battery disconnection lever which is a red flag type lever is found on the firewall above the main battery on the left hand side of the cockpit This lever has an a...

Страница 63: ...63 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 Aircraft and systems on board...

Страница 64: ...stem is pressurised with a pressurised valve placed on one of the hoses The overflow tank fluid level must always be inside the designated limits The engine does not offer cooling water temp monitorin...

Страница 65: ...ictly defined an must not under any cir cumstances vary from its safe values Schematic of engine lubrication system Aircraft and systems on board Wheel brake system Wheel brake system features seperat...

Страница 66: ...66 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 67: ...riods Repairs and spare part replacements Preventative maintenance Special check ups Draining and refuelling Connecting Auxilary power supplies Tie down Storage Cleaning Keeping your aircraft in perfe...

Страница 68: ...recommended maintenance periods see Service manual for detailed in formation Table legend C Check up visual only check for free play and whether everything is in position DO IT YOURSELF CL Cleaning DO...

Страница 69: ...CARRIAGE O tires C C R main strut nose wh fork condition C C SC wheel axis and wheels C brake wires C SC R brake drums C C R wheel bearings C SC R tail wheel main bolt C R wheel fairings C C C CONTROL...

Страница 70: ...connectors hoses radiator mount C C SC pre chamber and exhaust silencer C C SC R exhaust pipe springs and fire protect C C R throttle choke propeller wire drive R ENGINE CONTROL O choke and throttle...

Страница 71: ...ors C C thermal switch pressure ctrl cover C C R PITOT STATIC LINING SC O instrument to pitot tube lining C C instrument setting C C pitot tube condition clean firmly att C C whole pitot static lining...

Страница 72: ...d temperatures you may encounter click clack like noises above your head The remedy for this unpleasant noises is to add washers tipically of 0 5 mm thickness in between wing and fuselage Washers must...

Страница 73: ...ubbles in the hydraulic lining which is causing the problem The main wheel s main axis nut especially after a wheel and or axis replacementnut may be tight ened incorrectly so that the brake shims do...

Страница 74: ...ound the aircraft Refuelling can be done by pouring fuel through the reservoir openings on top of the wings or by us ing an electrical fuel pump Refuelling using the electrical fuel pump First make su...

Страница 75: ...top right of the aircraft s battery on the firewall This relay has 3 nipples the positive wire must be connected to the upper left nip ple the only one to which 2 cables are connected to After you hav...

Страница 76: ...s installed in your aircraft make sure the activation handle safety pin is inserted every time you leave the aircraft Also disconnect the battery from the circuit to prevent battery self discharge pul...

Страница 77: ...al leather skin To save time soak all the leading edges of the aircrame fist Make sure to wipe ALL of the aircraft s surface until it is com pletely dry at the end Clean the propeller and the areas wi...

Страница 78: ...polishing requires more skills and has its own particularities therefore it is recommended to leave it to a professional Cleaning the Lexan transparent surfaces It is most important to use really cle...

Страница 79: ...ute rescue system use handling and maintenance How fast is too fast Myth I can fully deflect the controls below maneuvering speed Aircraft familiarisation Conversion tables Preflight check up pictures...

Страница 80: ...RNING Activation handle safety pin should be inserted when the aircraft is parked or hangared to prevent accidental deployment However the instant pilot boards the aircraft safety pin MUST be removed...

Страница 81: ...rescue system has been used or if you suspect any possible damage to the sys tem do not hesitate and immediately contact the manufacturer Handling and maintenance Prior to every flight all visible par...

Страница 82: ...control tubes went broken The pilot of the second machine then landed safely using elevator and rudder only Fortunately both pi lots survived the accident without being even slightely injured Thanks t...

Страница 83: ...ings are more prone to flutter at high speeds than to structural failure So flutter is the main factor of determining VNE for us and most other carbon reinforced plastic aircraft producers Flutter spe...

Страница 84: ...96 270 145 196 103 8000 m 26300 ft 250 135 169 91 270 145 185 98 The table below indicates how TAS increases with altitude while keeping IAS constant IAS km h kts TAS km h kts IAS km h kts TAS km h kt...

Страница 85: ...G s it is only certified for a nega tive G load of 1 52 G s In other words you can fail the wing in the negative direction by pushing forward on the stick well below the Va Few pilots know this Also f...

Страница 86: ...xiing with the Virus is rather simple considering the stearable nose wheel For sharper turns on the ground you can also use wheel brakes to assist yourself I would recommend you taxi slow up to 10 km...

Страница 87: ...propeller pitch knob to the right to meet 4500 RPM Of course cruising can be conducted at various power propeller and flap settings As the Virus is sensitive to flap setting ALWAYS use negative stage...

Страница 88: ...pact your speed just rate angle of descent For pilots who are not used to operate airbrakes but throttle instead let me tell you that airbrakes in Virus work just like throttle does handle back equal...

Страница 89: ...strong turbulence and or gusty winds First of all airspeed must be increased for half of the value of wind gusts e g if the wind is gusting for 10 km h 6 kts add 5 km h 3 kts to the final approach sp...

Страница 90: ...ying below the ridge s top fly eights instead until you reach a height of 150 meters 500 feet above the ridge top From then on it is safe to fly full circles in a thermal Entering and exiting a turn w...

Страница 91: ...91 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 Appendix This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 92: ...7 55 87 10 47 25 36 148 25 80 43 16 27 79 15 8 09 88 95 48 25 90 150 10 51 43 70 29 65 16 8 63 90 80 49 26 44 151 96 82 44 24 31 50 17 9 17 92 66 50 26 98 153 81 83 44 78 33 35 18 9 71 94 51 51 27 52...

Страница 93: ...t min m sec 100 ft min m sec 100 ft min m sec 100 ft min 0 50 1 1 96 10 66 21 41 33 20 82 41 80 70 1 01 2 3 93 11 17 22 43 30 21 33 42 82 67 1 52 3 5 90 11 68 23 45 27 21 84 43 84 64 2 03 4 7 87 12 19...

Страница 94: ...029 3 000 914 9 056 48 30 0 896 0 915 1 045 4 000 1219 7 075 44 73 0 863 0 888 1 061 5 000 1524 5 094 41 16 0 832 0 861 1 077 6 000 1829 3 113 37 60 0 801 0 835 1 090 1 000 2134 1 132 34 03 0 771 0 81...

Страница 95: ...4 267 14 45 93 14 32 47 154 1 24 38 80 262 46 4 572 15 49 21 14 63 48 157 4 24 68 81 265 74 4 876 16 52 49 14 93 49 160 7 24 99 82 269 02 5 181 17 55 77 15 24 50 164 1 25 29 83 272 31 5 48 18 59 05 15...

Страница 96: ...50 1043 7 30 8 2050 790 0 23 3 200 1037 5 30 6 2100 785 1 23 2 150 1031 4 30 5 2150 780 2 23 0 100 1025 3 30 3 2200 775 3 22 9 50 1019 3 30 1 2250 770 5 22 8 0 1013 3 29 9 2300 165 7 22 6 50 1007 3 29...

Страница 97: ...3 800 2625 9 8 282 8 0 981 690 6 9389 0 908 0 115 1 134 0 925 1 039 337 4 15 4 900 2953 9 1 282 1 0 979 682 3 9276 0 897 0 114 1 123 0 916 1 044 337 15 5 1000 3281 8 5 281 5 0 977 674 1 9165 0 887 0...

Страница 98: ...pipistrel si REV 0 Engine cover 1 2 Gascolator Right wingtip lights 7 8 Right wing trailing edge Undercarriage RH wheel 5 6 Right wing leading edge Propeller Spinner 3 5 Undercarriage 4 Preflight chec...

Страница 99: ...trel si REV 0 Right spoiler 9 10 Fuselage RH side Incorrect door not secured X OK Correct door secured Horizontal tail surfaces 12 13 Vertical tail surfaces Fuselage 10 11 Fuselage continued Preflight...

Страница 100: ...100 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 101: ...is handed over to the new owner This is the original document issued by Pipistrel d o o Ajdovscina Should third party translations to other languages contain any inconsistencies Pipistrel d o o Ajdov...

Страница 102: ...onsent of PIPISTREL d o o Notes and remarks Safety definitions used in the manual WARNING Disregarding the following instructions leads to severe deterioration of flight safety and hazardous situation...

Страница 103: ...Land the aircraft in such a manner that all three wheels touch the ground at exactly the same time When touching down rudder MUST NOT be deflected in any direction rudder pedals centred When on ground...

Страница 104: ...en or loosen the screw inside Thightening or loosing make sure you apply equal number of screw rotations at both sides To check if the steering clutch is stiff enough lift the tail and rotate the fork...

Страница 105: ...hoke AS NEEDED Master switch ON Magnetos ON AC lights ON After start up Warm up at 2500 3500 RPM Magneto RPM drop VERIFIED Engine Propeller check RPM within limits Before takeoff Fuel valves BOTH OPEN...

Страница 106: ...106 VIRUS www pipistrel si REV 0 This page is intentionally left blank...

Страница 107: ...in case additional equipment is built in without Pipistrel d o o s prior knowledge in case the purchased goods were changed or modified in any way in case when the defect is caused by user s deficient...

Страница 108: ...Pipistrel d o o Ajdov ina podjetje za alternativno letalstvo Gori ka cesta 50a 5270 Ajdov ina Slovenija tel 386 0 5 3663 873 fax 386 0 5 3661 263 e mail pipistrel siol net www pipistrel si...

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