VNE/MNE
Never Exceed Speed or Mach Number is
the speed limit that may not be exceeded at
any time.
VNO
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the
speed that should not be exceeded except
in smooth air and then only with caution.
VS
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady
flight speed at which the airplane is con-
trollable.
VSO
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight
speed at which the airplane is controllable
in the landing configuration.
VX
Best Angle-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed
which delivers the greatest gain of altitude
in the shortest possible horizontal distance.
VY
Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed
which delivers the greatest gain in altitude
in the shortest possible time.
(b) Meteorological Terminology
ISA
International Standard Atmosphere in
which: The air is a dry perfect gas; The
temperature at sea level is 15° Celsius (59°
Fahrenheit); The pressure at sea level is
29.92 inches Hg (1013 mb); The tempera-
ture gradient from sea level to the altitude
at which the temperature is -56.5° C
(-69.7°F) is -0.00198°C (-0.003566°F) per
foot and zero above that altitude.
OAT
Outside Air Temperature is the free air
static temperature obtained either from
inflight temperature indications or ground
meteorological sources, adjusted for in-
strument error and compressibility effects.
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
SECTION 1
PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK
GENERAL
ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978
REPORT: 2126
REVISED: OCTOBER 13, 1978
1-7
VNE/MNE
Never Exceed Speed or Mach Number is
the speed limit that may not be exceeded at
any time.
VNO
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the
speed that should not be exceeded except
in smooth air and then only with caution.
VS
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady
flight speed at which the airplane is con-
trollable.
VSO
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight
speed at which the airplane is controllable
in the landing configuration.
VX
Best Angle-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed
which delivers the greatest gain of altitude
in the shortest possible horizontal distance.
VY
Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed
which delivers the greatest gain in altitude
in the shortest possible time.
(b) Meteorological Terminology
ISA
International Standard Atmosphere in
which: The air is a dry perfect gas; The
temperature at sea level is 15° Celsius (59°
Fahrenheit); The pressure at sea level is
29.92 inches Hg (1013 mb); The tempera-
ture gradient from sea level to the altitude
at which the temperature is -56.5° C
(-69.7°F) is -0.00198°C (-0.003566°F) per
foot and zero above that altitude.
OAT
Outside Air Temperature is the free air
static temperature obtained either from
inflight temperature indications or ground
meteorological sources, adjusted for in-
strument error and compressibility effects.
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
SECTION 1
PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK
GENERAL
ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978
REPORT: 2126
REVISED: OCTOBER 13, 1978
1-7