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Functional Description

Manual No. 771971

2-15

Striping with Parity (RAID 3 and RAID 5)

Striping with parity (rotated XOR redundancy) is a method of providing
complete data redundancy that requires only a fraction of the storage
capacity than mirroring for storing redundant information.

In a system configured under RAID 3 or RAID 5 (which requires at least
three SCSI drives), all data and parity blocks are divided between the drives
in such a way that if any single drive is removed (or fails), the data on the
missing drive can be regenerated using the data on the remaining drives
(XOR refers to the Boolean “Exclusive-OR” operator).

Figure 2-9. Drive Group Mapped for Block Striping with Parity

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Содержание DAC960PG

Страница 1: ...PCI RAID Controller Installation Guide DAC960PG PCI to Ultra SCSI P N 771971 D01...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...nts of this manual are copyrighted by Mylex Corporation The information contained herein is the exclusive property of Mylex Corporation and shall not be copied transferred photocopied translated on pa...

Страница 4: ...y from jurisdiction to jurisdiction Information in this publication is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Mylex Corporation Changes may be made periodi...

Страница 5: ...ot occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television equipment reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encou...

Страница 6: ...ng Product Specification s EMC EN 50081 1 1992 EN 55022 1992 Class B EN 50082 1 1992 Generic Immunity EN 61000 4 2 1995 4kV CD 8kV AD EN 50140 1995 3 V m 80 1000 MHz 80 EN 61000 4 4 1995 0 5kV I O 1kV...

Страница 7: ...in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures Achtung Dieses ist ein Ger t der Funkst rgrenzwertklasse B In Wohnbereichen k nnen bei Betrieb dieses Ger tes Rundfunkst rungen aufrete...

Страница 8: ...escription of the DAC960PG This section also provides detailed configuration information and discusses options Chapter 3 explains installation procedures in detail and includes an installation checkli...

Страница 9: ...File Run Select the Run option from the pull down menu activated when the File menu pad is selected Note Supplementary information that can have an effect on system performance m Caution Notification...

Страница 10: ......

Страница 11: ...SI Address Target ID Selection 2 7 Drive Organization 2 8 Physical Drives Drive Groups or Packs 2 8 Logical Drives System Drives 2 8 Configuration on Disk 2 9 RAID Management 2 12 RAID Techniques and...

Страница 12: ...s 3 13 Setting Device Termination Power 3 13 Setting Drive Spin up Parity Jumpers 3 13 SCSI Cabling 3 14 Cable Lengths 3 15 Connecting Non Disk Devices 3 16 Using a UPS 3 17 Cache Battery Backup Optio...

Страница 13: ...perational Description B 3 Status Indication B 3 Battery and Charge Circuit B 4 Installation B 5 Mechanical Installation Procedure B 5 Operation B 7 Battery Conditioning Prior to Use B 7 Set up Enabli...

Страница 14: ...Drives 4 Mirroring 4 Pack 4 Parity 4 RAID 5 Replacement Table 6 Rotated XOR Redundancy 6 SCSI Drive 6 SCSI Drive States 6 Segment Size 7 Session 8 Standard Disk Drive 8 Standby Replacement of Disks Ho...

Страница 15: ...re supported by the DAC960PG controller include The ability to add capacity on line while maintaining continuous access to data Automatic error recovery Intelligent cache battery backup option to moni...

Страница 16: ...off load on board CPU functions from the host computer s main CPU The RP version of the i960 contains a bridge between the host primary PCI bus and a secondary PCI bus which interfaces with up to 3 SC...

Страница 17: ...32 bit RISC based microprocessor ASIC logic arrays and dedicated read write cache memory to reduce the host system s CPU load and to increase disk I O throughput up to a 50 MB second sustained PCI tra...

Страница 18: ...or greater diskette and manual for controllers using firmware 4 x DAC Software Kit NOS driver software version 1 06 or greater diskettes and manual Global Array Manager GUI software v2 10 or greater...

Страница 19: ...RAID level stripe size or array size is made Any combination of the following changes can be performed 1 Drives in an array can be removed and reinstalled in any order target IDs can be switched withi...

Страница 20: ...evices Industry standard Fast Wide Ultra SCSI interface supports most SCSI drives Automatic RAID Functions Automatic failed drive detection Automatic rebuild of the array using stand by hot spare disk...

Страница 21: ...anced performance and SCSI bus optimization Increase System Availability Built in diagnostics provide controller and drive fault monitoring during power on and continuous operation Status alerts notif...

Страница 22: ...ional 8 16 32 64 or 128 MB Cache Write Selectable Write Through or Write Back Read Always enabled Error Protection Error Correction Code with 40 bit EDO RAM Firmware ROM Type Flash EEPROM 256K x 8 PCI...

Страница 23: ...0 C to 55 C 32 F to 131 F Storage 20 C to 70 C 4 F to 158 F Humidity Operating 10 to 90 rh non condensing Non operating 10 to 90 rh Altitude Operating Up to 10 000 ft 3 048 m Non operating Up to 50 0...

Страница 24: ...DAC960PG Specifications 1 10 DAC960PG Installation Guide...

Страница 25: ...ta thereby freeing the host s CPU for other tasks The RP of the i960 RP designation represents the part of the chip that contains an interface between the primary PCI bus PCI connection to host and th...

Страница 26: ...D Coprocessor ASIC Cache memory write policy can be configured by software as either Write Through or as Write Back Cache memory data can be protected in the event of a power outage by an optional bat...

Страница 27: ...outstanding writes on restart Figure 2 2 DAC960PG Controller Block Diagram PCI Bus Interface The PCI bus interface is contained in the Intel 80960RP intelligent I O processor and conforms to PCI Spec...

Страница 28: ...ry working physical hard disk This area is reserved by Mylex for this purpose Management of Bad Data Firmware 4 x supports the handling of data that cannot be reconstructed at the time of a rebuild A...

Страница 29: ...greater System Drive Size Extensions Firmware 4 x supports system disk drive sizes of up to 2 TeraBytes Support for Additional Target IDs per Channel Firmware 4 x supports up to 15 target IDs per cha...

Страница 30: ...r by means of cables that comply with standard SCSI data rate pinout and cable length conventions including all internal wiring Up to 15 SCSI devices can be connected to each of the controller s drive...

Страница 31: ...on that channel The target ID a SCSI address number from 0 to 15 is assigned to each device attached to a SCSI channel during installation The default SCSI address for the DAC960PG controller is targ...

Страница 32: ...the number of drives To determine the total size of a drive group multiply the size of the smallest drive in the drive group by the number of disk drives in the group For example if there are four dr...

Страница 33: ...he controller as well as on the last 128 sectors on every hard disk that is currently part of the controller s configuration This format with configuration information stored in the last 128 sectors o...

Страница 34: ...ed If no valid disk configurations can be found then the configuration in NVRAM is used and the Bad Data Table is cleared A configuration is selected from disk in all other cases and the Bad Data Tabl...

Страница 35: ...Functional Description Manual No 771971 2 11 Figure 2 4 Configuration on Disk Flowchart...

Страница 36: ...ent to the host operating system This means that the host operating system drivers and software utilities are not affected regardless of the RAID level selected Correct installation of the disk array...

Страница 37: ...nd in the DACCF Utilities Installation Guide and User Manual or the GAM manual JBOD No RAID JBOD is an acronym for Just a Bunch Of Disks The disks function independently of one another just as they wo...

Страница 38: ...eparated into blocks Block one of the data will be stored on drive one block two on drive two block three on drive three Drive one will again be the location of the next block block four then block fi...

Страница 39: ...oring for storing redundant information In a system configured under RAID 3 or RAID 5 which requires at least three SCSI drives all data and parity blocks are divided between the drives in such a way...

Страница 40: ...RAID Management 2 16 DAC960PG Installation Guide Figure 2 10 Block Striping with Parity RAID 5 standard...

Страница 41: ...ta integrity and the controller s ability to rebuild failed drives Stripe Size The size of the logically contiguous data block recorded on each drive within a logical unit is the stripe size The defau...

Страница 42: ...ts non volatile memory This information is retained even after power off If a SCSI disk is labeled DEAD in one session it will stay in the dead state until a change is made either by using a system le...

Страница 43: ...ild was terminated abnormally before it completed Ready RDY A SCSI disk drive may be identified by the DACCF utility as ready if it 1 Is powered on 2 Is able to operate properly 3 Has not been defined...

Страница 44: ...level 1 5 or 0 1 and two or more of its SCSI drives are not on line 3 It is configured as RAID 0 or JBOD or in a spanned set and one or more of its SCSI drives are not on line Controlling Standby Repl...

Страница 45: ...s A monitoring process running on the controller checks among other things elapsed time on all commands issued to disks A time out will cause the disk to be reset and the command will be retried If th...

Страница 46: ...sk Consistency A consistency check is a process that verifies the integrity of redundant data For example performing a consistency check of a mirrored drive assures that the data on both drives of the...

Страница 47: ...ing strategy whereby write operations result in a completion status being sent to the host operating system as soon as the cache not the disk drive receives the data to be written The target SCSI Driv...

Страница 48: ...Cache Management 2 24 DAC960PG Installation Guide...

Страница 49: ...guration Utilities diskette containing the DACCF utility SCSI cable s to interconnect the controller and the drives devices Narrow or Wide and Standard Fast or Ultra SCSI compliant disk drives SCSI te...

Страница 50: ...ng 2 Read all of the instructions in this manual through completely before proceeding and observe the Notes Cautions and Warnings 3 Determine the system s SCSI ID requirements and set the controller s...

Страница 51: ...oard termination for that channel will automatically be disabled SCSI Devices Installed Drive Channel 0 SCSI ID Device Description Termination Enabled Drive Group 0 ___________________ ________ ______...

Страница 52: ...__ ______ 4 ___________________ ________ ______ 5 ___________________ ________ ______ 6 ___________________ ________ ______ 7 Reserved for DAC960PG N A N A 8 ___________________ ________ ______ 9 ____...

Страница 53: ...__ 4 ___________________ ________ ______ 5 ___________________ ________ ______ 6 ___________________ ________ ______ 7 Reserved for DAC960PG N A N A 8 ___________________ ________ ______ 9 ___________...

Страница 54: ...ify the capacities of each of the connected drives 2 GB size ____ 7 Safety check the installation then power on the system ____ 8 If necessary run the BIOS Options Alt M at the prompt to match BIOS di...

Страница 55: ...ponent Description Default Setting JP4 Connector for harness to front panel LEDs optional JP5 Not used JP10 Select manufacturing diagnostics Do Not Install Jumper Off JP12 Jumper pins 1 2 for 5V RP Le...

Страница 56: ...ty LED is ON indicating the cache contains data not yet written to the disk To prevent data loss install the optional intelligent cache battery backup module IBBU Connector Indicator Meaning if ON JP4...

Страница 57: ...type SCSI terminators on all drive channels The on board termination logic will detect the presence of a SCSI bus connected to the external connector and the internal connector of each channel and wi...

Страница 58: ...SCSI Termination 3 10 DAC960PG Installation Guide Figure 3 3 Internal Disk Array Single ended SCSI Termination...

Страница 59: ...us farthest from the controller must have a terminator installed The DAC960PG will automatically enable on board termination at its end of the SCSI bus m Caution The external connector of the DAC960PG...

Страница 60: ...rminated The DAC960PG will automatically disable its on board SCSI termination Figure 3 5 Combination External Internal Disk Array SCSI Termination Selecting the Correct Terminator Use ALT 2 type exte...

Страница 61: ...Spin up Parity Jumpers If all of the SCSI drives are connected to a single power supply or if the power supply cannot supply the power needed to spin up all of the drive motors simultaneously then the...

Страница 62: ...d Termination Enabled must be set for that channel To get the best performance from the controller the SCSI drives should be equally distributed across the SCSI channels and the controller s data tran...

Страница 63: ...nnecting Ultra SCSI drives that will operate at the higher data transfer rates of the Fast 20 standard refer to ANSI STD X3 131 for information on SCSI cabling requirements Table 3 3 Supported SCSI Fo...

Страница 64: ...e CD ROM to SCSI ID 5 with both devices connected to channel 0 Figure 3 7 Connecting Non disk Devices m Caution Connecting non disk devices to DAC960PG drive channels can result in disk drive performa...

Страница 65: ...User Manual Chapter 2 Configuration Strategies Using a UPS If write back caching is enabled installation of an uninterruptable power supply UPS is highly recommended on systems that use a DAC960PG not...

Страница 66: ...attery backup to the SIMM module installed on the controller Battery Backup Module Connector Connector J5 is available for the optional cache battery backup module If the optional cache battery backup...

Страница 67: ...rough the BIOS An operating system specific driver is required to access data beyond this limit Refer to the documentation for the DAC960 Software Kit for more information on installing and using the...

Страница 68: ...al Setting BIOS Options There are three DAC960PG BIOS options that need to be considered and possibly changed during installation of the DAC960PG This is usually a one time requirement The BIOS option...

Страница 69: ...toggle the option Note If the BIOS is disabled it will not be possible to change the other options If the boot drive is on a DAC960PG then drive geometry changes should not be attempted unless the boo...

Страница 70: ...ing BIOS Options 4 4 DAC960PG Installation Guide Figure 4 2 BIOS Options Menu when Drive Geometry Option is Selected Press the Esc key to exit the BIOS options menu The following message will be displ...

Страница 71: ...the other BIOS options CD ROM Boot Disable or Enable The default for this option is for the CD ROM boot to be disabled e g the system will boot from a hard drive If a bootable CD is installed in the...

Страница 72: ...configured drive s capacity If for some reason this is not adequate the BIOS geometry can be changed to 8 GB This will allow the BIOS to see the first 8 GB of capacity m Caution If you have already co...

Страница 73: ...e following message may appear Recovery from mirror race in progress This will be displayed if the firmware detects that during the last power cycle the system was turned off abruptly leaving some inc...

Страница 74: ...No system drives found None installed X system drives installed The BIOS repeats the same process for additional DAC960PG controllers present in the system Then it proceeds to boot if possible from t...

Страница 75: ...y this error will not be displayed If it is boot DOS and run the configuration utility to recover from the error For more information refer to the DACCF Utilities Installation Guide and User Manual Sy...

Страница 76: ...System Reboot or Power Down 4 10 DAC960PG Installation Guide...

Страница 77: ...ut by Conner Peripherals and Intel Corporation Enclosures that are compliant with this protocol are known as SCSI Accessed Fault Tolerant Enclosures SAF TE The protocol is compatible with standard SCS...

Страница 78: ...SAF TE A 2 DAC960PG Installation Guide...

Страница 79: ...e monitors the write back cache on the DAC960PG and provides power to the cache if it contains data not yet written to the drives when power is lost The DAC960PG controller with the IBBU installed tog...

Страница 80: ...mAH Physical Description Nominal pack size in inches 1 89 L X 2 01 W X 0 33 H Battery Charge Life Depends upon memory in use External Battery Not supported Module Dimensions Length 3 75 inches Width 2...

Страница 81: ...the cache is empty the IBBU does nothing If the cache contains data during a power failure it means that there was not enough time for the cache contents to be written to the disk array If this is the...

Страница 82: ...s being used see Tabe 4 1 Note When the charge level is 100 the current number of hours and maximum number of hours printed out below the left dial will be equal Battery and Charge Circuit On board Ba...

Страница 83: ...s a small flat blade screwdriver Procedure 1 If the DAC960PG is not already removed from the system power the system down and then remove the DAC960PG 2 Remove the loopback plug from J5 on the DAC960P...

Страница 84: ...1 on the IBBU connects to J5 on the DAC960PG Pin 1 on the IBBU s J1 must connect to hole 1 on the DAC960PG s J5 The mounting holes on the IBBU will line up with the mounting holes on the DAC960PG if t...

Страница 85: ...write back write through mode switch The write back write through mode switch is accessed in either DACCF or in GAM Refer to the DACCF Utilities Installation Guide and User Manual or the Global Array...

Страница 86: ...on the IBBU module is calculated using the following formula Duration in hours B ISIMM IP Where B battery capacity in mAh 600 for the battery on the IBBU ISIMM SIMM current in mA 5V This is derived fr...

Страница 87: ...y will no longer accept a charge properly NiCd battery life expectancy is approximately 5 years 2 The cache memory needs to be removed from the DAC960PG for replacement or upgrade WARNING Do not attem...

Страница 88: ...s have been prepaid on this battery pack m Caution Do not dispose of a rechargeable battery with regular trash in a landfill Rechargeable batteries contain toxic chemicals and metals that are harmful...

Страница 89: ...ions of participating recycling centers can be obtained by telephoning 1 800 8 BATTERY in the USA and following the recorded instructions The information obtained from this telephone number is updated...

Страница 90: ...Battery Backup Capacity B 12 DAC960PG Installation Guide...

Страница 91: ...ast one channel or additional channels with optional upgrades Consistency Check Refers to a process where the integrity of redundant data is verified For example a consistency check of a mirrored driv...

Страница 92: ...ata back to the disk that encountered the error If the write fails media error on write the controller issues a reassign command to the disk and then writes the data to a new location Since the proble...

Страница 93: ...the rebuild is complete the controller will be brought back into a fault tolerant state IBBU See Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Intelligent Battery Backup Unit The Intelligent Battery Backup Unit IB...

Страница 94: ...written to it System commands issued to offline logical drives are returned with an error status no operations can be performed on offline logical drives A logical drive can be offline under one of t...

Страница 95: ...RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 3 RAID 5 and two special RAID levels RAID 0 1 and JBOD Level 0 Block striping across multiple drives is provided yielding higher performance than is possible with individual drives...

Страница 96: ...be reconstructed using the data on the remaining drives XOR refers to the Boolean Exclusive OR operator In any RAID 3 or RAID 5 array the capacity allocated to redundancy is the equivalent of one driv...

Страница 97: ...operate properly and was killed by the controller When the controller detects a failure on a disk it kills that disk by changing its state to dead A SCSI drive in a dead state does not participate in...

Страница 98: ...ler automatically when a SCSI disk drive fails and both of the following conditions are true A standby SCSI disk drive of identical size is found attached to the same controller All of the system driv...

Страница 99: ...configuration utility and select the option view update configuration from the main menu A red box labeled Drive Remap List will be displayed Selecting the box will allow you to continue You should s...

Страница 100: ...on SCSI drive 2 block 3 on SCSI drive 3 block 4 on SCSI drive 1 block 5 on SCSI drive 2 and so on This storage method increases the disk system throughput by ensuring a balanced load among all drives...

Страница 101: ...te time in order to increase controller performance An optional cache battery backup can be used to protect against data loss as a result of a power failure or system crash Write Through Cache Refers...

Страница 102: ...Glossary Glossary 12 DAC960PG Installation Guide...

Страница 103: ...ler Functions and Features 1 5 D Device Termination Power 3 13 Disable BIOS 4 5 Disk Failure Detection 2 21 Drive Check Error Messages 4 7 Drive Management 2 18 Drive Organization 2 8 Drive Size 4 6 D...

Страница 104: ...3 JBOD 2 13 Mirroring RAID 1 2 13 Striping RAID 0 2 14 Striping with Parity RAID 3 and RAID 5 2 15 Recycling the Battery B 10 S SAF TE A 1 SCSI Address Selection 2 7 SCSI Cabling 3 14 SCSI Device Conf...

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