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24

0688-SOM-00001, Rev: 02

© Tritech International Ltd.

B.5.  Salinity Equation

B.6.  Density Equation

𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫(𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 𝒎𝒎

𝟑𝟑

) =  

𝝆𝝆

𝟎𝟎

𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 (𝟏𝟏 − 𝑷𝑷𝒌𝒌)

 

 

𝑘𝑘 = 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔

1.5

+ 𝑓𝑓𝑔𝑔 + 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑃𝑃(𝑗𝑗𝑔𝑔

1.5

+ 𝑖𝑖𝑔𝑔 + ℎ) + 𝑃𝑃

2

(𝑛𝑛𝑔𝑔 + 𝑚𝑚) 

 

 

𝜌𝜌

0

=  𝑑𝑑𝑔𝑔

2

+ 𝑐𝑐𝑔𝑔

1.5

+ 𝑏𝑏𝑔𝑔 + 𝑎𝑎

 

 

𝑛𝑛 =  9.1697 × 10

−10

 𝑇𝑇

2

+ 2.0816 × 10

−8 

𝑇𝑇 − 9.9348 × 10

−7

 

 

𝑚𝑚 =  5.2787 × 10

−8

 𝑇𝑇

2

− 6.12293 × 10

−6

 𝑇𝑇 + 8.50935 × 10

−5

 

 

𝑗𝑗 =  1.91075 × 10

−4

 

 

𝑖𝑖 =   −1.6078 × 10

−6

 𝑇𝑇

2

− 1.0981 × 10

−5

+ 2.2838 × 10

−3

 

 

ℎ =  −5.77905 × 10

−7

 𝑇𝑇

3

+ 1.16092 × 10

−4

 𝑇𝑇

2

+ 1.43713 × 10

−3

 𝑇𝑇 + 3.239908

 

 

𝑓𝑓 =  −6.67 × 10

−5

 𝑇𝑇

3

+ 1.09987 × 10

−2

 𝑇𝑇

2

+ 0.603459𝑇𝑇 + 54.6746

 

 

𝑒𝑒 = − 5.155288 × 10

−5

 𝑇𝑇

4

+ 1.360477 × 10

−2

 𝑇𝑇

3

− 2.327105 𝑇𝑇

2

+ 148.4206𝑇𝑇 + 19652.21

 

 

𝑑𝑑 =  4.8314 × 10

−4

 

 

𝑐𝑐 =  −1.6546 × 10

−6

 𝑇𝑇

2

+ 1.0227 × 10

−4

 𝑇𝑇 − 5.72466 × 10

−3

 

 

𝑏𝑏 =  5.3875 × 10

−9

 𝑇𝑇

4

− 8.2467 × 10

−7

 𝑇𝑇

3

+ 7.6438 × 10

−5

 𝑇𝑇

2

− 4.0899 × 10

−3

 𝑇𝑇 + 0.824493

 

 

𝑎𝑎 =  6.536332 × 10

−9

 𝑇𝑇

5

− 1.120083 × 10

−6

 𝑇𝑇

4

+ 1.001685 × 10

−4

 𝑇𝑇

3

− 9.09529 × 10

−3

 𝑇𝑇

2

+ 6.793952 × 10

−2

 𝑇𝑇 + 999.842594 

 

 

𝑔𝑔 =  𝐶𝐶𝑎𝑎𝐶𝐶𝑐𝑐𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑎𝑎𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 𝑆𝑆𝑎𝑎𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑎𝑝𝑝𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔 𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑝 𝐶𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑

 

 

𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑔𝑔𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏𝑔𝑔𝑜𝑜𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒 − 𝑏𝑏𝑎𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑒𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒 (𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑏𝑏𝑎𝑎𝑝𝑝)

 

 

𝑇𝑇 =  𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑔𝑔𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑎𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑔𝑔 𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔

 

 

(Journal of Geographical Research, 1985) 

 

𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 (𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝑺𝑺) =  𝑺𝑺 + 𝑺𝑺

𝑫𝑫

 

 

𝑆𝑆 =  0.008 − 0.1692𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

  12

+ 25.3851𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

+ 14.0941𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

  23

− 7.0262𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

  2

+ 2.7081𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

  52

 

 

𝑆𝑆

𝐷𝐷

= (0.0005 − 0.0056𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

  12

− 0.0066𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

− 0.0375𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

  23

+ 0.0636𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

  2

− 0.0144𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

  52

) 𝐹𝐹

𝑡𝑡

 

𝐹𝐹

𝑡𝑡

=

𝑇𝑇 − 15

1 + 0.0162(𝑇𝑇 − 15)

 

 

𝑅𝑅

𝑡𝑡

=

𝑅𝑅

𝑅𝑅

𝑝𝑝

∗ 𝜏𝜏

𝑡𝑡

 

 

𝑅𝑅

𝑝𝑝

=

1 + 𝑃𝑃(2.06 × 10

−5

− 6.37 × 10

−10

+ 3.989 × 10

−15

𝑃𝑃

2

1 + 0.3426𝑇𝑇 + 4.464 × 10

−4

+ (0.4215 − 0.003107𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅)

 

 

𝜏𝜏

𝑡𝑡

= 0.6 0.200564𝑇𝑇 + (1.104259𝑇𝑇) × 10

−42

− 6.9698 × 10

−7

 𝑇𝑇

3

+ 1.0031 × 10

−9

 𝑇𝑇

4

 

 

𝑅𝑅 = 

𝐶𝐶

42.914 (𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛: 42.914 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑆𝑆 = 35, 𝑇𝑇 = 15 𝐶𝐶

𝑜𝑜

, 𝑃𝑃 = 0

 

 

𝑃𝑃 =

𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛 𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛

10

 

 

𝐶𝐶 = 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐 𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑚𝑚𝑆𝑆/𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚

 

 

𝑇𝑇 = 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛 𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑐𝑐𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑𝑝𝑝𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖 𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖

 

 

(UNESCO, 1981) 

 

Содержание Tritech Super SeaKing 700 V7 Series

Страница 1: ...Outstanding Performance in Underwater Technology A Moog Inc Company Super SeaKing 700 V7 Bathymetric Sensor Product Manual Document No 0688 SOM 00001 Rev2 ...

Страница 2: ...This page has deliberately been left blank ...

Страница 3: ...ion numbers 3 A clear fault description 4 Details of any remedial action implemented Contamination If the product has been used in a contaminated or hazardous environment you must de contaminate the product and report any hazards prior to returning the unit for repair Under no circumstances should a product be returned that is contaminated with radioactive material The name of the organisation whi...

Страница 4: ...ch a discharge occurring Caution This highlights areas where extra care is needed to ensure that certain delicate components are not damaged Warning DANGER OF INJURY TO SELF OR OTHERS Where this symbol is present there is a serious risk of injury or loss of life Care should be taken to follow the instructions correctly Copyright Notice The copyright in this document is the property of Tritech Inte...

Страница 5: ...ation 13 Main Screen 13 SeaNet Pro Tools 14 System Configuration 16 Optimising the SK700 V7 17 System Check 17 Pre dive Setup 17 Recommended Pre Dive checklist 18 Factors that affect measurement 19 Care and Maintenance 21 After using the Super Seaking 700 21 Seaking Basic Maintenance 21 Field Service 21 Storage 21 Calibration 21 Appendix A 22 ARCNET Termination 22 Appendix B 23 Depth Derivation 23...

Страница 6: ...This page has deliberately been left blank ...

Страница 7: ...ception of customers requiring Ethernet capability This will require either a proprietary Tritech V7 connector or a compatible connector and cable harness Arcnet and Serial comms protocols are still supported Depth Accuracy 0 015 Temperature Accuracy 0 005 C Conductivity Accuracy 0 3mS m of full scale depth Features State of the art sensor integration New generation of algorithms Software switchab...

Страница 8: ...Physicals Super Seaking 701 Series SSK704 Series Weight in air kg 3 74 4 19 Weight in Water kg 1 44 1 69 Housing Material Anodised Aluminium Alloy Depth Ratings 700m 1400m 2000m 4000m ø99 ø110 261 278 392 160 72 41 ø47 ø43 303 Super Seaking 701 Super Seaking 704 Dimensions in millimetres ...

Страница 9: ...ure Sensor Survey Grade Scientific Grade Range 5 C to 35 C 5 C to 35 C Accuracy 0 01 C 0 005 C Drift 0 002 C per year 0 005 C per year Conductivity Sensor Survey Grade Scientific Grade Range 0 to 8 5 S m 0 to 8 5 S m Accuracy 1 0mS m 0 3mS m Drift 0 1mS m per month 0 1mS m per month Software Requirements Version Build SeaNet Pro 2 24 548 Genesis Limited Functionality 1 4 1 Altimeter Specifications...

Страница 10: ...to ensure accurate readings Ensure the Seaking 700 is protected from the possibility of impact damage During Installation be sure to safeguard against damage to the protective anodised coating on the main housing Any chips or scratches may lead to corrosion of the housing which may impact the performance of the system Mate connectors blanks ensuring the washers are in places and have been greased ...

Страница 11: ...able whip fitted with aTritech connector Depending on the specification of the system the cable will either need to be terminated to a suitable connector or may be supplied already terminated The standard Tritech connector may be disconnected from the unit by unscrewing the four retaining screws and removing the connector from the water block that is fitted to the end cap Do not remove the water b...

Страница 12: ...n Basic Ethernet Cable Setup ARCNET Serial RS232 RS485 The SeaKing 700 series can be set to form part of an ARCNET multidrop network of sensors that are normally interfaced to a Surface Control Unit SCU through an internal DA 15 ARCNET interface AIF port or through the DA 15 AIF port on a SeaHub Normal communication with the Bathy head is via a customised version of the ARCNET network system and r...

Страница 13: ...under the warranty conditions Note Ethernet communications require the use of V7 cables Other communications modes are compatible with both V7 and Standard Tritech cables Ethernet Wiring ARCNET Wiring Serial RS232 485 wiring TX_P TX_N VDC 0VDC RX_N RX_P C F D G A B Breakout PSU RJ45 0 VDC VDC VDC 0 VDC 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Screen Pins PA500 6 Altimeter MAIN AUX 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5...

Страница 14: ... 5mm 20 AWG 5 N C RS232 GND N C RX_P Green Red UTP 1 0 22mm 24 AWG 6 Earth RX_N Screen White UTP 1 0 22mm 24 AWG Chassis Earth Connection Screen Drain Wire Foil Screen with Drain wire 0 022mm Cable Connector Pin View 1 4 3 5 Screen 6 2 2 9 Tritech V7 Connector TheV7 cable connector has the addition of the screen pin in the outer ring of the connector This makes contact with the chassis ground of t...

Страница 15: ... SeaNet Pro to its full potential the operating system should meet the following system requirements Minimum Recommended Processor 2GHz 2GHz dual core RAM 1GB 2GB Graphics 3D hardware accelerated graphics card OpenGL Version 2 0 or greater Display 1280x1024 32bit colour 1600x1200 32bit colour Disk space Serial Hardware based or USB converters for RS232 or RS485 communications Networking 100MB s fa...

Страница 16: ... xxx 2 200 xxx 2 201 Also do not use the Obtain an IP address automatically option Warning By default our Ethernet enabled systems have their subnet set to 2 and main IP address set to 192 168 2 17 Make sure that the host computer s IP address does not conflict with this IP address Windows Firewall Settings Check your anti virus settings Firewalls will see the data from the network and may stop th...

Страница 17: ...here they can be fully configured Changing the Comms Protocol of the Device The comms protocol on V7 systems is software selectable This means changing between Ethernet Arcnet and serial comms can be done from the node list in Seanet Pro setup Click on the drop down under the Actions column in the node list to bring up the Device Setup Window Full details can be found in section 4 4 6 Magnetic Res...

Страница 18: ...nal mode 5 Aux Altimeter Enabled This setting notifies the instrument to reserve the AUX port for a Tritech PA altimeter By default this option will be checked 6 Half Duplex This option is auto selected when operating over RS 485 It may also be required when operating over RS 232 via a serial MUX 7 No CT Sensor This is a factory only option and is specific to the SK701 instruments 8 Baud Rates Thi...

Страница 19: ...g controls to load existing log files Start and stop a new log The gears icon accesses the log settings panel to select file destinations 4 Print Bar Print Quick Print and Print setup options for printing the screen data 5 Side Bar Short cut Opens a side bar which can be used as an events logger or to store project specific information to the log 6 Screen Capture Seanet Pro has it s own screen cap...

Страница 20: ...ctivity in the top right of the main Bathy Screen Alternative Depth Formula Uses the UNESCO standard depth calculation described in Appendix B Depth Alarm Set the depth range for alert When activated the Bathymetric Display will flash Units Selects units of measurement Meters Feet Fathom or Yards Coefficients View DQ Coefficients Opens a pop up window displaying all coefficient data relating to th...

Страница 21: ...file data is displayed Click the drop down to select which data type to plot against PSI Options are Depth Temperature Salinity V o S Local Density and Mean Density The profile chart displays selectable Bathy data over the range of the current loaded or updating profile Bathy Offsets After mounting the Bathy on the vehicle Zero the instrument by entering a vertical offset This should include the p...

Страница 22: ...tum is below the altimeter transducer then apply a negative Alt Offset These offsets need to input into the Offsets dialogue box outlined in section 3 9 Datum s and Zeroes Usually a datum is established on the vehicle as a survey datum This is generally not where the SeaKing 700 series head is actually mounted Seanet Pro allows for a position offset to be entered which corrects the displayed data ...

Страница 23: ...cause any overheating problems if left running continuously in air or water 5 2 Pre dive Setup Before deploying the sensors start Seanet Pro and ensure that the system has been configured as follows Enter or check the Latitude Enter or check Density Mean Relative Density default 1 029g cm 3 Enter or check V O S Velocity of Sound default 1475 0m s 1 Enter Barometer Barometric Pressure default 1000m...

Страница 24: ... Seanet Pro Latitude information has been correctly entered into Seanet Pro Barometric pressure has been correctly entered into Seanet Pro Third party outputs to Survey packages are setup in REMV4 If requiring absolute measurements a The Port Up Port Down offset has been entered into the DQ Zero section of Seanet Pro b The ROV is deployed and held at the surface so that the sensors can stabilise I...

Страница 25: ...t does not directly affect the depth measurement from the surface but is needed to establish the datum for a survey Surveyors will need to correct the depth measurements to mean seawater levels Local Gravity Gravity varies with position on the Earth s surface To a good approximation it varies as a function of latitude and can be calculated using known geodetic formulae Instrument Accuracy and Stab...

Страница 26: ...o get a reading the unit needs to be powered up and allowed to stabilise completely If removing from the seawater to a deck that is a very different temperature then the readings can have a significant error There are two alternative approaches to setting the zero offset 1 Ensure the unit is mounted either port up or port down and use the zero offset figure published on the build and calibration s...

Страница 27: ... with a with a plastic bottle brush or similar Wherever possible try to avoid prolonged exposure to extreme climatic and weathering conditions so as to reduce the wear and aging of components and connectors 6 2 Seaking Basic Maintenance It is recommended the o rings and connector o rings be inspected regularly to ensure they are in good condition Worn or damaged o rings should be replaced and grea...

Страница 28: ...e be felt by other sources of impedance such as from the cable itself The diagram below shows best practice to use when installing termination resistors on an ARCNET network of Tritech International Ltd sonar products Note A special yellow waterblock is available from Tritech International Ltd which contains an in line impedance of 39Ω which will enable quick and easy installation of the subsea te...

Страница 29: ...0 01450377𝑎𝑎 𝜌𝜌 𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑎𝑎 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝜌𝜌 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆704 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆701 0 01450377 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 0 70307 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 9 80665𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 2 𝑔𝑔 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎...

Страница 30: ...𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑇𝑇 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 Journal of Geographical Research 1985 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝑺𝑺 𝑺𝑺𝑫𝑫 𝑆𝑆 0 008 0 1692𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 1 2 25 3851𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 14 0941𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 2 3 7 0262𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 2 2 7081𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 5 2 𝑆𝑆𝐷𝐷 0 0005 ...

Страница 31: ... 6 4928E 8 C10 0 153563 A13 1 0515E 8 C11 6 8999E 4 A14 2 0142E 10 C12 8 1829E 6 A20 3 9064E 7 C13 1 3632E 7 A21 9 1061E 9 C14 6 1260E 10 A22 1 6009E 10 C20 3 1260E 5 A23 7 994E 12 C21 1 7111E 6 A30 1 100E 10 C22 2 5986E 8 A31 6 651E 12 C23 2 5353E 10 A32 3 391E 13 C24 1 0415E 12 B00 1 922E 2 C30 9 7729E 9 B01 4 42E 5 C31 3 8513E 10 B10 7 3637E 5 C32 2 3654E 12 B11 1 7950E 7 A00 1 389 D00 1 727E 3...

Страница 32: ...l values C000 1402 392 CT1 0 5012285E1 CT2 0 551184E 1 CT3 0 221649E 3 CS1 0 1329530E1 CS2 0 1288598E 3 CP1 0 1560592 CP2 0 2449993E 4 CP3 0 8833959E 8 CST 0 1275936E 1 CTP 0 6353509E 2 CT2P2 0 2656174E 7 CTP2 0 1593895E 5 CTP3 0 5222483E 9 CT3P 0 4383615E 6 CS2P2 0 1616745E 8 CST2 0 9688441E 4 CS2TP 0 4857614E 5 CSTP 0 3406824E 3 c S T P C000 ΔCT ΔCS ΔCP ΔCSTP ΔCT T CT1T CT2T2 CT3T3 ΔCS S CS1S CS...

Страница 33: ...𝑆𝑆0 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆1 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆2 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆3 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆0 1 1244𝐸𝐸 2 𝑇𝑇 7 7711𝐸𝐸 7 𝑇𝑇2 7 7016𝐸𝐸 5 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 1 2943𝐸𝐸 7 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 2 3 1580𝐸𝐸 8 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 𝑇𝑇 1 5790𝐸𝐸 9 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 𝑇𝑇2 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆1 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 1 8607𝐸𝐸 4 𝑇𝑇 7 4812𝐸𝐸 6 𝑇𝑇2 4 5283𝐸𝐸 8 𝑇𝑇3 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆2 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 2 2 5294𝐸𝐸 7 𝑇𝑇 1 8563𝐸𝐸 9 𝑇𝑇2 𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆3 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 2 1 9646𝐸𝐸 10 𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜...

Страница 34: ...34 0 010𝑇𝑇 𝑆𝑆 35 0 016𝐷𝐷 𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑐𝑐 1402 5 5𝑇𝑇 5 44 10 2 𝑇𝑇2 2 1 10 4 𝑇𝑇3 1 33𝑆𝑆 1 23 10 2 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 8 7 10 5 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆2 1 56 10 2 𝑍𝑍 2 55 10 7 𝑍𝑍2 7 3 10 12 𝑍𝑍3 1 2 10 6 𝑍𝑍 𝜃𝜃 45 9 5 10 13 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇3 3 10 7 𝑇𝑇2 𝑍𝑍 1 43 10 5 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑍𝑍 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆...

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