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PanoMachine Panorama Calculator                                             Operators Manual 

 

Copyright by Josef Ehrler 

        15 

2.3  Spherical Panorama Calculator 

 
 

 

 
 

The Spherical panorama calculator is designed to take pictures in camera format “por-
trait” 

2 

only.  The  user interface  is divided in  to three fields. The “Parameter Inputs” 

field 

3

, the “Outputs Horizontal” field 

13 

and the “Outputs Vertical” field 

18

. As long as 

the camera parameters including the dead angle of the panorama head are entered 
correctly, the only parameters needed to calculate all the output panorama parameters 
are the 

Focal Length

 

6

 in [mm], the "Min. Overlap Columns (H)" 

7 

and the "Min. Over-

lap Rows (V)"

 9

. After a first calculation the “Min. Overlaps” (H/V) can be changed too. 

  
A special feature is the three calculation modes 

12 

and an optimized calculation of the 

number of images in each row 

14

. 

 

2

 

1

 

14

 

19

 

20

 

18

 

22

 

15

 

5

 

4

 

6

 

3

 

12

 

9

 

13

 

23

 

11

 

10

 

17

 

7

 

8

 

16

 

21

 

24

 

25

 

Содержание PanoMachine MultiRowPlan

Страница 1: ...PanoMachine Panorama Calculator 6 8 1 25 September 2009 MultiRowPlan Spherical Operators Manual Developer of Program and Documentation Copyright by Josef Ehrler CH 6032 Emmen Schweiz j ehrler hispeed ch ...

Страница 2: ... 2 2 1 13 Button Manual Landscape 11 2 2 2 PARAMETER OUTPUTS 12 2 2 2 1 Pano Angle of View Pano H 12 2 2 2 2 Pano Angle of View Pano V 12 2 2 2 3 Overlap H 12 2 2 2 4 Overlap V 12 2 2 2 5 Step size H 12 2 2 2 6 Step size V 12 2 2 2 7 Angle of View for 1 image H 12 2 2 2 8 Angle of View for 1 image V 12 2 2 2 9 No of Pixel H V 12 2 2 2 10 Number of Pixel for the whole panorama 12 2 2 2 11 Elevation...

Страница 3: ...al plain with optimizer 22 2 3 3 5 Total no of images in rows 22 2 3 3 6 Horizontal Angle of View of a single image 22 2 3 4 OUTPUTS VERTICAL 23 2 3 4 1 Parameter List 23 2 3 4 2 Field of View FoV of 1 picture vertical 23 2 3 5 NAVIGATION FUNCTION BUTTONS 24 2 3 5 1 Calculation Button 24 2 3 5 2 Create and Save Script Button 24 2 3 5 3 Back to Main Menu Button 24 2 4 PARAMETER DATABASE OF CAMERA M...

Страница 4: ...is a MultiRow or a Spherical Panorama must be taken on a fixed position not to be confused with mosaic e g Satellite photographs which are taken from different positions Also Spherical Panoramas are delighting the professional promotion sector real es tate properties and tourism market and are also very popular in the semi professional community As you assume to take MultiRow and Spherical panoram...

Страница 5: ...r unit e g Manufacturer Manfrotto 300N pro grammable and Kaidan different rings for fix step sizes It is important to know the sensor sizes and the focal length which is required for a specific horizontal raster ring The vertical positions are adjusted on a mechanical elevator by hand A motorized panorama head to adjust computer controlled horizontal posi tion Vertical positioning is done on a spe...

Страница 6: ... few mouse clicks 1 3 Spherical Panorama Compared to the MultiRow Panorama the Spherical Panorama is not a plane surface It is as if the viewer is inside a globe and viewing the panorama horizontally 360 and vertically 90 90 up to Zenith and 90 down to Nadir The Spherical Panorama is viewed with a special viewfinder e g Quick Time Viewer from Apple It is also possi ble to create just a part of a s...

Страница 7: ...Point as the Nodal Point 1 5 Dead angle in Nadir In the area to Nadir 90 the field of view is covered by the panorama head and the tripod thus called the dead angle in Nadir Depending on the construction each pano rama head has got its own specific dead angle While rotating the camera to take the pictures in the lowest row to Nadir it is possible that parts of the lower row are hidden by the panor...

Страница 8: ...rama Calculator Functions of the main menu bar File Exit terminating the program x ctrl x Program Open the MultiRow Panorama Calculator m ctrl m Open the Spherical Panorama Calculator s ctrl s Open the Bracketing Calculator b ctrl b Extras English e ctrl e German d ctrl d Help About Author of the Programs Copyright F1 Data s of the licensee ...

Страница 9: ...Landscape 23 24 the program will calculate all the necessary Mul tiRow parameters and are displayed in the Parameter Outputs field 25 The selected ANGLE H 13 in 45 steps and the calculated NPos H 17 are the pa rameters to be entered into the PanoMachine In Auto Portrait and Auto Landscape 21 22 the NPos H 17 and the No of im ages V 19 are calculated automatically In Manual Portrait and Manual Land...

Страница 10: ... focal length it is a good idea to use either the min or max value Misrepresentation of the input values may result in difficulties while stitching the panorama An incorrect en tered focal length 10 will calculate incorrect AoV of a single image step size between images and overlap between images in 26 Changing the focal length 10 is done by overwriting the given or default value The decimal separ...

Страница 11: ... single image 2 2 1 9 Numbers of images V In the calculation mode Auto Portrait and Auto Landscape the number of rows No of images V 19 will be calculated automatically and displayed in the mask In the calculation mode Manual Portrait and Manual Landscape the No of rows can be changed after a calculation in Auto mode Changes should be set by using the attached arrows 20 or by marking the value and...

Страница 12: ...ys the calculated and constant horizontal step size between each col umn 26 2 2 2 6 Step size V This field displays the calculated and constant vertical step size between each row 26 2 2 2 7 Angle of View for 1 image H This field displays the calculated horizontal Angle of View of a single image 26 In por trait orientation this angle is referenced to the small side of the format and in land scape ...

Страница 13: ...alculate the output parameters for the new configuration Auto Portrait 21 Auto Landscape 22 Manuell Portrait 23 Manuell Landscape 24 2 2 3 2 Create Save Script button The Create Save Script button 29 opens the save dialog to save the script perma nently to hard disk A printed out script is very helpful to program and adjust the PanoMachine out in the field 2 2 3 3 Back to Main Menu button The Back...

Страница 14: ...are part of a MultiRow Panorama a correctly adjusted Pivot Point is a must Remember different focal length of fixed lenses or zoom lens needs neces sary readjustments to the Pivot Point When using zoom lenses the risk of unintended readjustment to the focal length of the lens is high This will have a direct impact on the calculated values In the status line messages are displayed When calculated n...

Страница 15: ...s Vertical field 18 As long as the camera parameters including the dead angle of the panorama head are entered correctly the only parameters needed to calculate all the output panorama parameters are the Focal Length 6 in mm the Min Overlap Columns H 7 and the Min Over lap Rows V 9 After a first calculation the Min Overlaps H V can be changed too A special feature is the three calculation modes 12...

Страница 16: ... separator and fraction are accepted The Panorama Calculator is supporting 10 vertical rows for spherical panoiramas For SLR cameras focal length listed below are convenient Sensor Rows 5 Rows 10 Rows APS 30mm 55mm Full Format 45mm 90mm 2 3 1 3 Min Overlap between Columns H The Min Overlap columns H is given in 7 The default value is 25 and can be changed with the arrows 8 attached to the mask Wit...

Страница 17: ... 11 is set the number of columns in a row are reduced the more a row is located closer to Zenith Nadir More about that later 2 3 1 6 Mode to calculate vertical parameters rows Three modes 12 are available to calculate vertical overlap between rows row to Nadir and row to Zenith You will hear more about this feature in the next chapter ...

Страница 18: ...anorama calculator the rows will overlap on the smaller side of the camera format For rows overlapping with Nadir and Zenith the photogra pher has to be aware of the following While turning the camera 360 around the hori zontal axis the row to Nadir Zenith will overlap with the short format side of the Na dir Zenith image and with the long format side also In this case overlap between row and Nadi...

Страница 19: ... Zenith Nadir This mode 12 goes a step further and calculates overlaps between rows which is ref erence to the long side of the image format On the other hand between the rows to Nadir Zenith the calculated overlap is referenced to the short side of the image format This expands the overlap in Nadir and Zenith H Q 19 However thereby the over laps between rows will be reduced 2 3 2 4 Take into acco...

Страница 20: ...entre should be adjusted to look exactly to the horizontal rotating point of the PanoMachine While rotating the panorama head 360 around the horizontal axis check which parts of the panorama head are permanently covers the view to Nadir Now rotate the elevator downward till the panorama head isn t visible in the cameras angle of view On the PanoMachine read on the elevator scale the difference ang...

Страница 21: ...ount of re duction depending on the elevation value When removing the tick 11 the Panorama Calculator will output a single value for the no of columns Horizontal Overlap This value correlates with the value calculated for the horizontal plain and should be used for each row This gives much more possibilities to retouch ghosts e g in Photo shop The amount of images then increases too sometimes dram...

Страница 22: ...p size 14 shows the calcu lated horizontal step size between two single images in a column in This parameter is calculated in the PanoMachine and is not used as a PanoMachine input 2 3 3 4 Overlap in the horizontal plain with optimizer The output field Overlap in the horizontal plain 15 shows the calculated horizon tal overlap for the not existing row on the horizontal plain when the no of rows is...

Страница 23: ...row with long side of picture format Zenith The symbols above the top row of the list should help to understand the kind of over lap calculated The calculator supports 5 rows plus Nadir and Zenith Labels Kind of overlapping between rows to Nadir and Zenith P P Overlap Portrait Portrait green red P L Overlap Portrait Landscape blue red Label Kind of overlapping between rows P P Overlap Portrait Por...

Страница 24: ...desired overlap in 7 9 the Calculation button calculates all the necessary output parameters 2 3 5 2 Create and Save Script Button The Create and Save Script 22 opens a save dialog to save the calculated parame ters in a text file A printout of the script is very helpful when adjusting and program ming the panorama head 2 3 5 3 Back to Main Menu Button The Back to Main Menu 23 is self explanatory ...

Страница 25: ...nyway a valid value for the dead angle between 1 and 30 should be set in the input field The camera parameters in the first row of the Camera Parameters Database are the values for the active camera model After each program start these parameters will be used to calculate the panorama parameters When the camera model is not listed in the database just fill in the parameters in an empty row or over...

Страница 26: ...Let say the measured shutter speed and aperture for the highlights the upper limit of the panorama dynamic range are 1 500 respectively f 8 As mentioned above the aperture stays unchanged during the whole panorama shooting This is necessary to secure constant depth of field for each image The second measurement for the shutter speed the dark areas we get 1 15 by a still unchanged aperture f 8 To a...

Страница 27: ... size 1 1 3 The result for the shutter speed for the dark areas is 1 13 This exposure is just 1 3 f stop overexposed it is perfect For a high panorama dynamic range I would prefer to calculate the shutter speed val ues with more images per camera position The Panorama Calculator provides the following parameter values The Bracketing Calculator supports the following shutter speeds Shutter speeds i...

Страница 28: ...et manually on the camera EV in steps 1 1 2 2 3 EV in 1 3 steps 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 Aperture in steps 1 1 2 1 4 1 8 2 2 5 2 8 3 5 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 5 11 13 16 19 22 27 32 38 45 54 64 76 90 Aperture in 1 3 steps 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 2 2 2 5 2 8 3 2 3 5 4 4 5 5 0 5 6 6 3 7 1 8 9 10 11 13 14 16 18 20 22 25 28 32 36 40 45 50 57 64 72 80 90 Note for Canon und Nikon Photographer The Bracketing Ca...

Страница 29: ... columns and rows calculated horizontal and vertical FoV in calculated horizontal and vertical overlap in calculated horizontal and vertical step size in calculated horizontal and vertical Angle of View for a single image in calculated number of horizontal and vertical pixels for the whole panorama calculated number of pixels for the whole panorama MP GP calculated elevation values vertical to adj...

Страница 30: ...rizontal and vertical Angle of View of the whole panorama 26 are 5 6 larger than defined in the input fields 13 15 This is good and let as crop the pano rama after stitching and processing e g in Photoshop In a further step we reduce the NPOS H 17 from 8 to 7 and the No of images V 19 from 3 to 2 Followed by a Manual Portrait 23 calculation the Angle of View Pano H is with 94 32 still OK but the h...

Страница 31: ...length should be in creased Let s try a focal length 10 of 100mm on Canon 10D and calculate the pano rama parameters with Auto Portrait The calculated parameters are shown below 1 2 3 4 5 25 6 8 10 11 13 26 29 28 30 20 15 17 23 24 22 9 12 14 16 18 7 19 21 1 2 3 4 5 25 6 8 10 11 13 26 29 28 30 20 15 17 23 24 22 9 12 14 16 18 7 19 21 27 27 ...

Страница 32: ...at the panorama resolution should be Remember long focal length 10 are used for high resolution panoramas and increases the amount of images 17 19 necessary for the whole panorama Short focal length 10 is used for low resolution panoramas and the amount of images 17 19 is less After setting the focal length 10 the Pano Angle of View H 13 the Pano Angle of View V 15 and using the default overlaps 2...

Страница 33: ...utomatically all relevant panorama parameters 14 19 The predefined overlaps are guaranteed For a first calculation just check the camera model is correctly set 4 entering the focal length 6 of the lens and let the default overlaps Min Overlap Columns H and Min Overlap Rows V 7 9 as they are The Spherical Panorama Calculator determinates the following panorama parameter 14 15 16 17 19 20 Number of ...

Страница 34: ... 9 o Modes to calculate vertical Parameters choose Calculation for fix step sizes 11 o Activate Auto Calc to calculate the parameters 12 The calculated parameters are shown below Interpretation of the result The calculation shows with 28 88 very good vertical overlaps P P 19 be tween rows However the overlaps between the rows to Nadir Zenith P L 19 are at the lower limit or unusable The horizontal...

Страница 35: ...g result Interpreting the result The horizontal overlap in the horizontal plain with 31 28 15 is a very good value Also the vertical overlaps between rows P P and P L are with 25 89 19 still good The vertical status message 25 says the panorama head is visible in Nadir Let s eliminate this disturbing fact Considerations for the next calculation To move the lowest row out of the dead angle of the p...

Страница 36: ...he overlap with just 24 23 19 between the row to the Nadir image P L all other parameters are OK Considerations for a last calculation When a 24mm lens is not available but a 20mm lens is your own a first as sumption let hope the overlaps will be increased Particularly with regarding the overlap P L in Nadir 2 1 14 19 20 18 22 15 5 4 6 3 12 9 13 23 11 10 17 7 8 16 21 24 25 ...

Страница 37: ...ion panoramas and the amount of images 16 is less After setting the focal length and using the default overlaps 25 H and 25 V 7 9 a first calculation should be done Sometime it is desired to optimize the calculated parameters These can be done with the following input parameters tabulated in order of importance Min Overlap between Columns H 7 Min Overlap between Rows V 9 Focal length 6 Mode to cal...

Страница 38: ...he program should allow the panorama photographer to calculate the panorama parameters with some mouse clicks Over years I increased the functionalities and improved the Panorama Calculator I invested uncountable hours to realize my project and to make your life a bit easier It would be very much appreciated if the copyright is respected Thank you I hope that you will enjoy the Panorama Calculator...

Страница 39: ...ND YOU RELY ON THE PROGRAM AND ITS RESULTS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK COPYRIGHT The program and related documentation are copyrighted You may not copy the program or its documentation except for backup purposes solely as expressly permitted in this Agreement and to load the program into the computer as part of executing the program All other copies of the Program including soft ware that has been mod...

Страница 40: ... Rows Columns Overlaps Angle of View AoV horizontal overlap s Fig 1 MutiRow Rows Columns Overlaps Angle of View AoV l s short side of he picture format columns l long side of the picture format rows 1 3 4 5 6 7 2 2 1 Horizontal Angle of View AoV Vertical Angle of View AoV vertical overlap ...

Страница 41: ...PanoMachine Panorama Calculator Operators Manual Copyright by Josef Ehrler 41 8 CAD checked calculation Fig 2 CAD checked calculation ...

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