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Page 58

025-00-16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL, Issue G

02 March 2016

3.7 ENGINE PROCEDURES

3.7.1 NOTES ON USE OF ENGINE

The engine must be started in accordance with the latest applicable version of the relevant Rotax operators
manual.

WARNING DANGER:

This manual must be read and fully understood before starting the engine. Failure to do so
will lead to an extremely hazardous situation with great risk of injury or death. Refer to the
Magni Gyro Gyroplane Pilot's Flight Manual before attempting an engine start sequence.

Once the engine is started and warmed up, carry out a full functional check of all the engine indicating
systems and of its warming up. The engine is cooled by the pressure of air passing through the cylinders and
by the radiator. The air pressure is guaranteed by the movement of the gyroplane. During ground operations,
the following precautions are recommended in order to avoid any overheating:

• As far as possible, keep the gyroplane upwind.

• Avoid any prolonged waiting.

• Constantly check the operation temperature.

During flight, always respect the following recommendations:

• Do not exceed the maximum engine r.p.m. parameters.

• Do not exceed the maximum temperature parameters.

• Do not exceed the maximum oil pressure parameters.

• Carefully follow the limits set by the engine manufacturer and indicated in the operators manual.

3.7.2 ENGINE OPERATION LIMITS

Operating Temperatures

Min

normal

Max

OIL

50

90-110

130

CHT

50

90-110

135

EGT

750-850

950

OIL (bar)

1.5

2.5

7

Rpm

5800

Cruising

to 75% of power

Rpm

5000

MAP

30.5

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Содержание M-16 C

Страница 1: ...UAL CODE 025 00 16C PRODUCT M 16 C ISSUE DATE COMPILED CHECKED APPROVED G March 2016 Marco Tessari Luca Varieze Magni Marco Tessari APPROVED Pietro Magni Magni Gyro srl I 21010 BESNATE VA Via Volpina...

Страница 2: ...Marks G Constructors Serial Number Aircraft Designed and constructed by Magni Gyro Ref DAI 9516 95 Pilot s handbook prepared and issued by Magni Gyro PILOTS HANDBOOK COPY NUMBER This is the Pilot s Ha...

Страница 3: ...familiar with the content of this handbook including any amendments Units of measure The following units are used in this Handbook and where appropriate on the instruments and placards Weight Kilogra...

Страница 4: ...Amendment List will be sent to the Registered Owner of each Aircraft It is the responsibility of the registered owner to insure that the amendments are incorporated in the Pilot s Handbook that the su...

Страница 5: ...Page 5 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016...

Страница 6: ...this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage or retrieval system without prior permi...

Страница 7: ...INTAKE SYSTEM 24 2 8 FUEL SYSTEM 25 2 8 1 MAIN LINE 25 2 8 2 FUEL QUANTITY DATA 27 2 9 COOLING SYSTEM 27 2 10 PROPELLER 29 2 11 ENGINE CONTROLS 30 2 11 1 CHOKE CONTROL LEVER 30 2 11 2 THROTTLE LEVER 3...

Страница 8: ...ITS 58 3 7 3 USE OF HOT AIR TO CARBURETORS 59 3 7 4 ENGINE STARTING 59 3 7 5 STARTING FAILED 60 3 8 TAXIING TO THE HOLDING POINT 60 3 8 1 CHECK OF ONBOARD APPLIANCES 60 3 8 2 CHECK OF TAXIING AREA 61...

Страница 9: ...CHARACTERISTICS 84 6 2 FLIGHT CONTROLS 84 6 3 FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS IN LEVEL CONDITIONS 84 6 3 1 LOW SPEED 84 6 3 2 HIGH SPEED AND CRUISING SPEED 85 7 FLIGHT IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS 86 7 1 INTRODUCTION...

Страница 10: ...ides the pilot with all the possible procedures necessary to adapt to any circumstance such as multiple emergencies adverse meteorological conditions etc 1 2 PERMITTED OPERATIONS The manual gives an a...

Страница 11: ...r importance The symbols used in this manual are described below WARNING DANGER Operation technical and other procedures which if not followed carefully may expose the operator to the risk of serious...

Страница 12: ...Page 12 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016...

Страница 13: ...EGT EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE FLYDAT ROTAX DIGITAL ENGINE INSTRUMENTATION DISPLAY g GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION G GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT GA GLIDE ANGLE GPS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM kn KNOTS kts IAS IND...

Страница 14: ...025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 14 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK...

Страница 15: ...quipped with a fixed front tricycle landing gear The tandem configuration allows for the transportation of two crew members in the semi fairing fuselage The power unit is composed of a piston engine a...

Страница 16: ...r 2650 mm Maximum height with front bar 2700 mm The steering radius is indicated in Figure 3 8 2 2 3 EMPTY AND TAKEOFF WEIGHT Dry weight 278 kg Empty weight 285 kg Maximum allowed takeoff weight MTOW...

Страница 17: ...12 Ground adjustable pitch three bladed pusher propeller 13 ROTAX piston engine 14 Fuel tank cap 15 Fuel tank 16 Oil tank 17 Radiator 18 Battery 19 Exhaust manifold 20 Structure 21 Main undercarriage...

Страница 18: ...line 4 Pumps control line 5 Navigation instrument line 6 Circuit breakers line 7 Steering rudder pedals rudder and nose wheel 8 Footboard 9 Control stick handle 10 Pre rotation control lever 11 Auxil...

Страница 19: ...arning lights line 8 a DANGER Red danger of overpressure 8 b WARNING Yellow Warning or Caution 8 c BATTERY Generator not working 8 d RESERVE Low fuel level 8 e BRAKE Rotor brake ON when engaged 8 f TR...

Страница 20: ...breaker 20A battery 27 GEN Circuit breaker 20A generator 28 ACC Circuit breaker 10A 29 Auxiliary feed outlet 30 N A for Rotax 914 All the main components of the gyroplane are listed in this chapter Wh...

Страница 21: ...urbocharger and mixed water air cooling The engine is fixed to the structure 1 through a mounting 2 equipped with suitable vibration damping systems 3 behind the passenger seat in thrust configuration...

Страница 22: ...governor for constant propeller speed 14 fuel pressure control 24 electric starter 34 drip tray 5 intake manifold 15 engine servo 25 electronic modules for ignition 35 water trap 6 ignition housing 16...

Страница 23: ...at exchanger prior to reaching the engine The oil coming from the pump is filtered and conveyed to all the engine so as to guarantee the correct lubrication of all its components The oil returns to th...

Страница 24: ...an vary the pressure inside the engine s intake duct thus increasing its performance and limiting the effects of altitude density The pressure inside the intake duct varies according to the opening of...

Страница 25: ...ent circuit bus which is protected by a 10 A circuit breaker The level gauge s fastening flange also houses the fuel line s pumping and backflow connectors The fuel is pumped through a stiff pipe loca...

Страница 26: ...025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 26...

Страница 27: ...he heat exchanger cools the oil and then reaches the engine The cylinders of the ROTAX 914 engine are cooled by the air that strikes the engine As the engine is configured and installed in an area wit...

Страница 28: ...025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 Page 28...

Страница 29: ...djustable pitch propeller The standard pitch for the motorization of a ROTAX 914 engine is 12 45 when measured at the end of the propeller WARNING DANGER The propeller pitch is set at the factory and...

Страница 30: ...r 3 Ignition key Figure 2 11 Engine Controls 2 11 1 CHOKE CONTROL LEVER see Fig 2 11 The choke 1 allows to increase the percentage of fuel in the air gas mixture at low engine r p m so that it is more...

Страница 31: ...ever s forward movement To make use of the maximum available power 115 the pilot must press the lever 1 slightly towards the inside of the cockpit 3 to get beyond the stop and then continue the forwar...

Страница 32: ...gneto are on 3 Start push button choke 4 Fuel pumps circuit breakers 5 Main auxiliary pumps switch This key allows to open the engine s ignition circuits It permits to select four positions OFF igniti...

Страница 33: ...exhaust gas temperature EGT PTO Arrow 5 to the left LH rear cylinder arrow 5 to the right RH rear cylinder The EGT reading changes from right to left bank as indicated by the arrow 5 This variation ha...

Страница 34: ...L PRESSURE INDICATOR See fig 2 12 2 The fuel pressure monitoring instrument is installed on all ROTAX 914 engines It surveys the fuel pressure through a throttled pipe coupled to the carburetors suppl...

Страница 35: ...witch 7 Stroboscopic lights switch 8 Warning lights line 8 a DANGER Red danger of turbo overpressure 8 b WARNING Yellow Engine caution or warning 8 c BATTERY Generator not working 8 d RESERVE Low fuel...

Страница 36: ...Page 36 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 Figure 2 13 2 Electrical System Wiring Diagram...

Страница 37: ...Page 37 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 2 13 1 ELECTRIC SYSTEM VARIOUS DEVICES...

Страница 38: ...Page 38 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016...

Страница 39: ...ft scale is installed on the right side of the instrument panel The indicator is supplied with a barometric scale in millibar for monitoring the atmospheric pressure The pressure is monitored through...

Страница 40: ...magnetic sensor positioned close to the notched gear of the rotor head If the rotor brake is engaged red light ON the rotor revolution counter will turn off This rotor tachometer setting is meant to h...

Страница 41: ...olled by the displacement of the rotor which is articulated on the transversal axis longitudinal axis and by the tail rudder 2 17 1 ROTOR CONTROLS The flight controls on the rotor are mechanical They...

Страница 42: ...TROLS The flight controls on the tail rudder are transmitted through cables and pulleys The control pedals operate the rudder as well as the front wheel thus determining the steering The tail rudder i...

Страница 43: ...integrated tank for oil The type of oil used in this system is either DOT 3 or DOT 4 The brake pump is connected through cables and cable housings to the two brake levers which are anchored to the th...

Страница 44: ...016 The brake lever is equipped with a parking brake lock The lock is rotated to locate on the pin protruding from the main brake lever The lock is secured by friction and is self releasing once the b...

Страница 45: ...ted according to the pilot s leg length The cockpit is designed in such a way that the rear seat is slightly higher than the front one in order to increase the visibility of the instructor passenger B...

Страница 46: ...uselage Anti collision lights on request stroboscope in the upper part of the mast and under the fuselage 2 22 INTERNAL LIGHTING As night flights are strictly forbidden with this configuration of M 16...

Страница 47: ...es greater stress on the valve seats due to its high lead content and forms increased deposits in the combustion chamber and lead sediments in the oil system Thus it should only be used in case of pro...

Страница 48: ...normally no mineral oils but semi or full synthetic oils Oils primarily for Diesel engines are due to insufficient high temperature properties and additives which favour clutch slipping generally unsu...

Страница 49: ...Page 49 025 00 16C M16 FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK...

Страница 50: ...d in APPENDIX 2 NOTE The technique for take off on rough grass is to spin up to a higher rotor rpm than usual to be able to accelerate at max continuous power until balancing on main wheels Then apply...

Страница 51: ...S 3 CHECK OF CONTROL STICK 4 CHECK INSIDE OF COCKPIT 5 COCKPIT AND FUSELAGE RIGHT HAND SIDE 6 COOLANT LEVEL 7 ENGINE OIL LEVEL 8 FREEDOM AND ENTIRENESS OF CONTROL RODS 9 ROTOR HEAD RIGHT HAND SIDE 10...

Страница 52: ...legible 3 6 2 EXTERNAL CHECKS 5 COCKPIT AND FUSELAGE RIGHT HAND SIDE Check the condition of the external surface of the fuselage and remove any foreign object or dirt Ensure it is clean Check that the...

Страница 53: ...HEELS AND WHEEL SPATS Check the state and safety of the anchoring of the wheel hub axle and wheel spats Check all the tires and make sure their inflation pressure is correct Check their state possible...

Страница 54: ...e free of cracks or damage Check the anchoring of the tail planes Check the safety of the rudder and make sure it is completely free to move Push down so that the nose wheel is lifted thus reducing th...

Страница 55: ...egards the ROTAX 914 ensure that the front throttle lever can be extended past the 100 stop and reach the 115 stop Check the state of the brake levers Make sure that the maximum braking power is avail...

Страница 56: ...SOON BECOME FAMILIAR WITH ALL THE ASPECTS OF THE AIRCRAFT AND WHAT IS CORRECT OR NOT THE CHECK IS ORGANIZED INTO A LOGICAL PATTERN THAT MAKES ONE COMPLETE ROUND OF THE GYROPLANE AND BECOMES SECOND NA...

Страница 57: ...ell executed daily preflight check is probably one of the greatest contributing factors to good flight safety 3 6 3 ORDINARY MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE The correct maintenance of the gyroplane avoids troubl...

Страница 58: ...s cooled by the pressure of air passing through the cylinders and by the radiator The air pressure is guaranteed by the movement of the gyroplane During ground operations the following precautions are...

Страница 59: ...3 switched ON 5 THROTTLE LEVER 4 in minimum position idle PARKING BRAKE 5 on 6 CHOKE ON 6 lever in raised position only if engine is cold 7 MASTER 7 switch ON 8 KEYS 8 in BOTH position 3 clicks 9 AUX...

Страница 60: ...choke lever Repeat the complete starting procedure AIR OFF lower the choke lever within one minute after the engine has started 3 8 TAXIING TO THE HOLDING POINT WARNING DANGER It is necessary to proce...

Страница 61: ...taxiing operations and only with the engine at minimum r p m NOTE Fig 3 8 2 shows the minimum steering radius 3 8 3 TAXIING TO TAXI HOLDING POINT See fig 3 8 3 Purpose Move the gyroplane from the par...

Страница 62: ...Page 62 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016...

Страница 63: ...warning light is ON 14 HELMET AND BELTS fastened and positioned correctly 15 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS check set altimeter 16 ROTOR BRAKE OFF lever lowered BRAKE OFF warning light 17 CONTROL LOCK release an...

Страница 64: ...takeoff run depends on the rotor r p m reached during pre rotation The maximum speed of the pre rotation system is 280 r p m The life of the pre rotation system and its inspection frequency depend on...

Страница 65: ...pedals 2 to keep the alignment on the runway 3 CONTROL STICK 3 in takeoff position rear limit stop Once the nose wheel is lifted move the control stick forward and balance the gyroplane on the main wh...

Страница 66: ...Page 66 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016...

Страница 67: ...ing and avoids too many trim variations so that the gyroplane may stabilize Furthermore check the flight speed 9 OPERATIONS upon reaching a safe altitude 500 ft A brakes 8A momentarily apply them to s...

Страница 68: ...Page 68 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 WARNING DANGER Maximum cross wind component for take off is 25kts...

Страница 69: ...ith the control stick into wind and rudder in the opposite direction WARNING DANGER Maximum cross wind component for landing is 25kts 3 12 2 AFTER LANDING Gyroplane stopped Control stick in front limi...

Страница 70: ...done from right to left With gyroplane braked and in parking position 1 ROTOR BRAKE 1 ON lever up and BRAKE warning light ON 2 RADIO and navigation instruments 2 OFF 3 STROBE and LIGHTS 3 OFF 4 FUEL...

Страница 71: ...rison with level flight values 3 Trim management a pull up gently b reduce forward speed 4 Directionality Keep aligned with a reference on the horizon 5 Reaching zero speed Do not exaggerate nose up t...

Страница 72: ...Page 72 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK...

Страница 73: ...PROCEDURES The emergency procedures may be classified in critical and non critical ones Critical emergencies are defined as emergency situations that can appear in many variants which need a quick an...

Страница 74: ...ergency landing and abandon aircraft Make call to emergency service 4 7 ENGINE FAILURE In case of failure of the engine the following actions are recommended Taxing prior to take off Maintain directio...

Страница 75: ...tart the engine the key must be turned completely to off and then back to start 4 9 ABANDONING THE AIRCRAFT In normal circumstances occupants should not leave the aircraft while either the propeller o...

Страница 76: ...of the brake rotor is in on position and consequently the rotor parking brake is engaged Keep the rotor brake engaged during the taxing and parking operations Disengage the rotor brake before driving...

Страница 77: ...Page 77 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK...

Страница 78: ...ower of 115 hp for 5 minutes and 100 hp continuously for a maximum value of 5800 r p m The relation between r p m and manifold pressure is described in the document engine performance chart in the APP...

Страница 79: ...Page 79 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 Fig 5 1 Operation Limits...

Страница 80: ...ax Engine Rpm 5800 Consumption hour 16 20 litres 5 5 SPEED LIMITS Never exceed speed VNE 100mph This speed must never be exceeded in order not to stress the gyroplane beyond its structural limits This...

Страница 81: ...void shifting of the center of gravity beyond the front and rear limits the gyroplane s loading limits are as follows Minimum pilot weight 60 kg Maximum pilot weight 120 kg Maximum passenger weight 12...

Страница 82: ...eoff and landing operations is 25 kts NOTE Technique for take off on rough grass is to spin up to a higher rotor rpm than usual to be able to accelerate at max continuous power until balancing on main...

Страница 83: ...Page 83 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 MAGNI GYRO PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK...

Страница 84: ...l type and operate on three axes longitudinal transversal and vertical In any flight configuration and condition only small efforts are necessary to manage the gyroplane in flight The roll and pitch m...

Страница 85: ...any flight configuration the yawing control is fully efficient until falling below the speed of 20 mph It is also fully efficient until reaching speed zero but only if the engine s speed is above 3000...

Страница 86: ...m occur during a flight change route or look for a suitable place to land In case of strong turbulence proceed as indicated below 1 Altitude In case of strong downdraught keep such an altitude as not...

Страница 87: ...e is a possibility of ice formation on aerodynamic surfaces It is forbidden to fly in snow conditions It is forbidden to fly in hail conditions WARNING Flying in rain conditions is permitted only if t...

Страница 88: ...ith ice or snow under the following conditions a increase of stoppage distance b the control of ground directionability is less 7 3 2 EFFECTS OF SNOW ICE AND RAIN DURING LANDING Landing on a snowy icy...

Страница 89: ...ion is needed when using the gyroplane under high external temperature conditions The following indications should be followed however a Do not rest for too long during taxiing or in holding point b W...

Страница 90: ...Page 90 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDICES...

Страница 91: ...Page 91 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 1 CG DATA...

Страница 92: ...0 55 120 55 60 55 0 0 120 55 110 Fuel 5 8 8 30 30 45 48 30 10 40 15 XXXXXX 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 350 448 458 450 445 455 413 385 485 460 500 XCg mm 1842 1718 1816 1754 1792 1772 1760 1807 1767 1...

Страница 93: ...rsion rate for fuel mass is 1 litre fuel 0 72kg Max permissible fuel loading is 500kg aircraft empty weight occupant weights Example Fuel Calculation 500kg 285kg aircraft empty weight 85kg pilot 90kg...

Страница 94: ...Page 94 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 2 PERFORMANCE DATA...

Страница 95: ...ol Speed Power On 25 mph VNO Normal Operating Cruise Speed 90 mph DISTANCES Take off Distance to 50 ft Grass 820 ft Take off Distance to 50 ft Landing Distance from 50 ft Tarmac 700 ft 510 ft CLIMB GL...

Страница 96: ...Page 96 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 3 HEIGHT VELOCITY DIAGRAM...

Страница 97: ...Page 97 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 Height ft M16C HEIGHT VELOCITY DIAGRAM 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Speed mph...

Страница 98: ...Page 98 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 4 MANOEUVRE LIMITATIONS...

Страница 99: ...tions VMC only Flight in icing conditions is prohibited Flight in strong gusty winds or wind velocities of more than 40 kts is prohibited Intentional spinning is prohibited Aerobatic manoeuvres are pr...

Страница 100: ...Page 100 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 5 ENGINE PARAMETERS...

Страница 101: ...Page 101 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016...

Страница 102: ...Page 102 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 A Take Off Performance B Continuous Throttle Performance C Propeller Power Requirement...

Страница 103: ...Page 103 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016 APPENDIX 6 VOLTMETER DEVICE...

Страница 104: ...on the pilot instrument panel If the device indicates a tension value less than 11V land as soon as possible and stop flying WARNING DANGER It is forbidden to fly whenever the value of tension indica...

Страница 105: ...Page 105 025 00 16C M16C FLIGHT MANUAL Issue G 02 March 2016...

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