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Model 6220/6221 User’s Manual

Delta, Pulse Delta, and Differential Conductance

5-15

Return to

Section 5 topics

Measurement units

The fundamental measurement for Delta is voltage (Volts; V). However, the volt-
age reading can converted into a conductance (Siemens; S),
resistance (Ohms;

Ω

), or power (Watts; W) reading. See

for details on

Measurement units

Configuration settings

Delta settings from the front panel are described as follows. These parameters
are set from the CONFIGURE DELTA menu that is accessed by pressing the

CONFIG

key and then the

DELTA

key.

The equivalent remote programming commands to configure Delta are summa-
rized in

.

I-High and I-Low

– These settings specify the high and low level for the square

wave output. When setting the I-High level, the I-Low level is set to the same mag-
nitude but negative polarity. For example, setting I-High to 1mA sets I-Low to
-1mA. Setting the I-Low level has no affect on I-High.

I-High can be set from 0 to +105mA, and I-Low can be set from 0 to -105mA. The
default settings for high and low are +1mA and -1mA.

Delay

– The Delta delay occurs after a trigger from the Model 2182/2182A is

received and is typically used to allow the current source to settle after changing
polarity. Delay can be set from 0.001 to 9999.999s. The default delay is 2ms.

Count

– Delta count specifies the number of Delta readings to perform. Delta

count can be set to a finite number (1 to 65,536) or Infinity can be selected. With
an infinite count selected, the Delta runs continuously. The default count setting is
Infinity. The separate sweep count parameter can also be specified to control the
number of measurement sets, each composed of delta count readings, that are
repeated under trigger model control (see Section 8 of the Reference Manual).
Each set is run independently by restarting the delta mode's advanced moving aver-
age algorithm.

Compliance Abort

– By enabling (YES) Compliance Abort, Delta operation will

abort if the current source goes into compliance. By default, Compliance Abort is
disabled (NO).

Cold Switching Mode

– By enabling (YES) Cold Switching, Delta operation will

zero the current source before leaving the trigger layer prior to sequential trigger
model iterations. By default, Cold Switching is disabled (NO).

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Содержание 6220 DC

Страница 1: ...ley com E C N E D I F N O C F O E R U S A E M R E T A E R G A Model 6220 DC Current Source Model 6221 AC and DC Current Source Users Manual 622x 900 01 Rev C October 2008 Model 6220 DC Current Source...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...m product modification without Keithley Instruments express written consent or misuse of any product or part This warranty also does not apply to fuses software non rechargeable batteries damage from...

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Страница 5: ...6220 DC Current Source Model 6221 AC and DC Current Source User s Manual 2004 Keithley Instruments Inc All rights reserved Cleveland Ohio U S A Third Printing October 2008 Document Number 622x 900 01...

Страница 6: ......

Страница 7: ...tional Electrotechnical Commission IEC Standard IEC 60664 Most measurement control and data I O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sou...

Страница 8: ...instrument shows that the surface may be hot Avoid personal contact to prevent burns The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame If this symbol is on a product it indicates that...

Страница 9: ...Front panel summaries 1 4 Rear panel summaries 1 8 Heat sink and cooling vents 1 9 Power up 1 11 Line power connection 1 11 Source preset 1 12 Disabling the front panel 1 12 Menus 1 13 CONFIG menus 1...

Страница 10: ...2 12 3 DC Current Source Operation Current source output capabilities 3 2 Source ranges 3 2 Compliance 3 3 Output power source or sink 3 3 Output response 3 5 Setting source and compliance 3 8 Source...

Страница 11: ...rations 5 4 System connections 5 5 DUT test connections 5 8 Configuring communications 5 9 Triggering sequence 5 10 Readings 5 11 Display readings 5 11 Measurement units 5 11 Read commands 5 13 Delta...

Страница 12: ...ll 6 8 7 Wave Functions 6221 Only Wave function overview 7 2 Setting waveform parameters 7 3 Ranging 7 3 Frequency 7 4 Offset 7 4 Duty cycle 7 5 Phase marker 7 6 Duration 7 7 Externally triggered wave...

Страница 13: ...3 DC Current Source Operation Figure 3 1 Output boundaries source and sink 3 5 Figure 3 2 Source and compliance editing Model 6220 3 8 Figure 3 3 Source and compliance editing Model 6221 3 10 4 Sweep...

Страница 14: ...7 Wave Functions 6221 Only Figure 7 1 Offset example 7 4 Figure 7 2 Duty cycle 7 5 Figure 7 3 Phase marker 7 6...

Страница 15: ...1 Average filter types 6 2 Table 6 2 Averaging filter commands 6 5 Table 6 3 Math commands 6 6 Table 6 4 Buffer commands 6 9 7 Wave Functions 6221 Only Table 7 1 Wave function characteristics 7 2 Tabl...

Страница 16: ......

Страница 17: ...page 1 17 Front and rear panel familiarization page 1 4 Front panel summaries page 1 4 Error and status messages page 1 17 Rear panel summaries page 1 8 Default settings page 1 17 Heat sink and coolin...

Страница 18: ...able guarding to optimize output response speed and reduce leak age currents in high impedance test circuits Banana jack guard output for voltage measurements Sweep functions linear staircase logarith...

Страница 19: ...t it to safety earth ground using the wire recom mended in the user documentation The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the oper ating instructions located in the manual...

Страница 20: ...rotective triax Shield Cap CAP 28 1 237 ALG 2 Triax cable terminated with alligator clips on one end Model 8501 Trigger Link cable CA 351 null modem serial cable CA 180 3A Ethernet cross over cable Mo...

Страница 21: ...RIG FILT DC PRES SWP MODE DELTA 0 1 0000 SAVE SETUP TRIAX AVG 6 7 2 3 4 5 8 9 COND OUTPUT ON OFF 1 2 3 4 P U S H T O E D I T E N TER PU S H T O E D I T E N T E R 6221 DC AND AC CURRENT SOURCE RANGE ED...

Страница 22: ...ULSE to configure Pulse Delta WAVE Arms Wave mode Press CONFIG WAVE to configure Wave Middle Row COMM Configures communications GPIB RS 232 or Ethernet 6221 Can also press CONFIG COMM to configure com...

Страница 23: ...For the 6221 press CONFIG OUTPUT to set the output response for the Model 6221 LED indicator Turns on when output is on Blinks if source goes into compliance 5 Rotary knob and CURSOR keys Model 6221 W...

Страница 24: ...mate to any triax cable terminated with a 3 slot male triax connec tor 3 ETHERNET RJ45 female connector for Ethernet operation Use an RJ45 male male cable for connec tion Two status LEDs are located...

Страница 25: ...r connections 8 INTERLOCK Interlock connector Provides two screw terminals for connection to an interlock switch When the interlock switch is closed the OUTPUT of the 622x is enabled allowing it to be...

Страница 26: ...acent to the Model 622x that force air heated or unheated into or onto its cooling vents or surfaces This additional airflow could compro mise accuracy performance For bench top use the Model 622x can...

Страница 27: ...When handling the Model 622x NEVER touch the heat sink located on the right side of the case This heat sink could be hot enough to cause burns Line power connection Follow the procedure below to conn...

Страница 28: ...sabled to allow testing on light sensitive devices eliminate step to step timing jitter for Sweeps Delta and Differential Conductance and increase system speed The front panel can be disabled by press...

Страница 29: ...u Section 6 Model 6221 only CONFIG PULSE opens CONFIG PULSE DELTA menu Section 5 CONFIG WAVE opens CONFIGURE WAVEFORM menu Section 7 CONFIG OUTPUT opens OUTPUT RESPONSE menu Section 3 Direct access me...

Страница 30: ...n trols are used to set source and compliance values The typical way to enter the edit mode is to press the EDIT key Details on Source and compliance editing are provided on page 3 8 Menu navigation W...

Страница 31: ...key To toggle the polarity of a value press the numeric entry key Value adjust method 1 Use the Cursor Keys to place the blinking cursor on the digit to be edited 2 Use the Value Adjust Keys to increm...

Страница 32: ...e to move the cursor to the left With a value displayed value adjust can be performed using the Rotary Knob Turn it clockwise to increment a digit and turn it counter clockwise to decrement a digit Pr...

Страница 33: ...LF line feed Flow control None Eight data bits one stop bit and no parity are used for the RS 232 These settings are fixed and cannot be changed Ethernet Model 6221 only The information for setting up...

Страница 34: ...s SAVE Select SAVE Set memory location 0 to 4 Press ENTER Restore user setup Press SETUP Select USER Set memory location 0 to 4 Press ENTER Restore PRESET defaults Press SETUP Select PRESET Restore RS...

Страница 35: ...formance with the IEEE 488 2 and SCPI standards the Model 622x accepts optional command words Any command word that is enclosed in brackets is optional and need not be included in the program message...

Страница 36: ...1 20 Getting Started Model 6220 6221 User s Manual Return to Section 1 topics...

Страница 37: ...2 8 Triax Cable Guard page 2 8 Floating the current source page 2 9 Connections to DUT page 2 9 Supplied triax cable page 2 9 Basic connections page 2 10 Shields and guarding page 2 10 Using a test f...

Страница 38: ...gh of the current source Inner shield The inner shield of the triax connector can be connected to Output Low or Cable Guard See Triax inner shield on page 2 6 for details on the inner OUTPUT FVR Earth...

Страница 39: ...Figure 2 1 The ground point for signal connections to external circuitry is Earth Ground Earth Ground is the outer shield of the triax connector and is isolated from the Chassis by the FVR Keep in min...

Страница 40: ...inal block off the rear panel to connect the inter lock switch The interlock switch is mounted on a test fixture such that the switch will open disable the OUTPUT when the test fixture lid is opened T...

Страница 41: ...rrent source WARNING To prevent electric shock and or damage to the Model 622x DO NOT exceed the maximum Max voltage levels indicated in Figure 2 4 and Figure 2 5 CAUTION To prevent damage to internal...

Страница 42: ...sor controls place the blinking cursor on INNER SHIELD and press the ENTER key to display the TRIAX INNER SHIELD options 4 Place the cursor on OUTPUT LOW 220 STYLE or GUARD and press the ENTER key 5 P...

Страница 43: ...ay the CONFIGURE TRIAX menu 2 Using the cursor controls place the blinking cursor on OUTPUT LOW and press the ENTER key to display the TRIAX OUTPUT LOW options 3 Place the cursor on FLOATING or EARTH...

Страница 44: ...lso be present in the test fixture for the DUT Capacitance Any capacitance that exists between the output and the DUT slows down the response current rise time at the DUT When the Model 622x output is...

Страница 45: ...622x current source float off Earth Ground Depending on the test circuit configuration the external source could possibly be shorted through Earth Ground if the Model 622x is not floating off Earth Gr...

Страница 46: ...hield is connected to Cable Guard Figure 2 6 Basic connections to DUT Shields and guarding Noise shield connections Figure 2 7 shows typical noise shielding for the two triax connector configurations...

Страница 47: ...to the DUT at a metal guard plate Connections for Cable Guard are shown in Figure 2 9 High Low DUT Output Metal Noise Shield High Low DUT Output Metal Noise Shield 622x 622x red black red green Boot...

Страница 48: ...test system that uses a noise shield a safety shield and guarding Figure 2 10 Connections for noise shield safety shield and guarding High Low DUT Output 622x Guard Plate Cable Guard black Triax Cable...

Страница 49: ...and optimum performance a safety test fixture with a built in interlock switch must be used The interlock switch of the test fixture is to be connected to the INTERLOCK of the Model 622x see page 2 4...

Страница 50: ...programming source output commands page 3 15 NOTE The information in this section is an abbreviated version of the information in Section 3 of the Reference Manual Refer to Section 3 of the Reference...

Страница 51: ...selecting a fixed range select the lowest best possible range that will accommodate the output current For example if sourcing 12mA select the 20mA range Autorange For front panel operation the AUTO k...

Страница 52: ...s voltage glitch will settle to the expected output voltage within the settling time specification for the selected range see Output response on page 3 5 If the compliance voltage is set too close to...

Страница 53: ...x operates as a 200mW source supplying power to the external test circuit When the external voltage is decreased to 30V as shown in Figure 3 1B the Model 622x instead operates as a sink The Model 622x...

Страница 54: ...esponse of the Model 6220 both typically 100 s For the Models 6220 and 6221 an analog filter can be enabled to slow down the output response For a high impedance load the analog filter reduces oversho...

Страница 55: ...e filter capacitor across the load creates a filter response of less than 1MHz which is the maximum output band width of the Model 6221 for the higher current ranges For load impedances greater than 1...

Страница 56: ...ch response setting FAST or SLOW provides the best results Settling time specifications The output Settling Time specifications are listed in Appendix A and assume that the analog filter is disabled F...

Страница 57: ...value Value Adjust Keys RANGE RANGE AUTO Select next higher fixed range Select next lower fixed range 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0000 Numeric Entry Keys While in the edit mode use the Value Adjust Met...

Страница 58: ...or compliance is presently selected for editing 5 The unit will exit the editing mode if an editing action is not performed within six seconds To re enter the edit mode perform one of the following F...

Страница 59: ...ary Knob Step 4 Set source or compliance value 2 6 7 8 Use the Value Adjust Method or Numeric Entry Method to edit values Use these editing tech niques for both methods To set the I source value to ze...

Страница 60: ...on For remote operation autorange remains active when it is enabled When the source value is changed the range will if needed automatically change to the best range for that value With auto range enab...

Страница 61: ...e 3 enable the output filter if desired and finally 4 turn the output on 1 Connect test circuit DUT to Model 622x output WARNING Before making or breaking connections the Model 622x must be turned off...

Страница 62: ...output response can be set to FAST or SLOW See Output response page 3 5 for details on setting the output response Analog filter Use the FILT key to toggle the state on or off of the low pass filter...

Страница 63: ...ates proper syntax Example Turns the output on The OUTPUT indicator will blink if the current source goes into compliance This indicates that the set current is not being delivered to the load See Com...

Страница 64: ...will generate error 220 Execution Error 4 OUTP OFF turns the output off but does change the set output level SOUR CLE sets the output level to zero and then turns the output off Table 3 2 DC output c...

Страница 65: ...to plot I V current voltage characteristics of a diode over several decades The Model 6514 with its high input resistance will allow the voltage measurement to be accurately made Transistor characteri...

Страница 66: ...eration page 4 5 Using the sweep configuration menu page 4 5 Performing a staircase sweep page 4 6 Running a staircase sweep page 4 9 Remote sweep operation page 4 8 Running a staircase sweep page 4 9...

Страница 67: ...rrent Figure 4 1B shows an increasing log staircase sweep from a 0 1mA start current to a 100mA stop current with logarith mic steps Again the bias current is the fixed current setting just prior to t...

Страница 68: ...s Figure 4 1 Comparison of sweep types Bias Start 5mA Stop Bias Start Stop 0 1mA 1mA 10mA 100mA Bias First Point Last Point A Linear Staircase Sweep B Logarithmic Staircase Sweep Logarithmic scale sho...

Страница 69: ...oint is entered by pressing the ENTER key the compliance and delay values will automatically be copied to all higher numbered points in the list Source ranging The source ranging setting determines ho...

Страница 70: ...then make your selections from Table 4 1 below See the detailed procedures for each sweep type below Table 4 1 Sweep configuration menu Menu selection Description TYPE STAIR LOG CUSTOM Select sweep ty...

Страница 71: ...s enter the desired START STOP STEP and DELAY values For LOG sweeps enter the desired START STOP NOOF POINTS and DELAY values e From the CONFIGURE SWEEPS menu select SWEEP COUNT press ENTER then choos...

Страница 72: ...f Select ADJUST POINTS then set the current value compliance and delay for the first sweep point g Set the current value compliance if not using auto copy and delay for each remaining sweep point h F...

Страница 73: ...SCPI commands sweeps page 4 11 for listings of sweep commands Table 4 2 Sweep example parameters Sweep type Parameters for sweep examples Linear staircase sweep page 4 9 Start current 1mA Stop current...

Страница 74: ...t disabled 3 Arm and run the sweep 4 When the sweep is done turn the source output off with this command OUTP OFF RST Restore 622x defaults SOUR CURR 1e 4 Set bias current to 100 A SOUR CURR COMP 10 S...

Страница 75: ...pliance abort disabled 3 Arm and run the sweep 4 When the sweep is done turn the source output off with this command OUTP OFF RST Restore 622x defaults SOUR CURR 5e 5 Set bias current to 50 A SOUR SWE...

Страница 76: ...n 1e 13 to 0 105 A 1e 2 SOURce 1 CURRent CENTer n Sets center current n 0 105 to 0 105 A 0 SOURce 1 CURRent SPAN n Sets span current n 2e 13 to 0 210 A 0 1 SOURce 1 DELay n Sets source delay n 0 001...

Страница 77: ...T DELay NRf NRf NRf Defines list of delay values NRf 0 to 999 9999 s SOURce 1 LIST DELay APPend NRf NRf NRf Adds to list of delay values NRf 0 001 to 999999 999 s SOURce 1 LIST COMPliance NRf NRf NRf...

Страница 78: ...rement process page 5 21 Triggering sequence page 5 10 Pulse Delta outputs page 5 22 Configuration settings page 5 26 Readings page 5 11 Operation page 5 29 Display readings page 5 11 Setup commands p...

Страница 79: ...quent Model 2182 2182A A D conversion then yields a single Delta reading Every Delta reading uses the three previous A Ds to calculate Delta Pulse Delta The Model 6221 outputs pulses and uses 3 point...

Страница 80: ...A A D 2182A A D 2182A A D 2182A A D 1st Pulse Delta Cycle 2nd Pulse Delta Cycle Pulse Delta Reading Nth 2182A A D Pulse Delta Reading 2nd A Delta measurements B Pulse Delta measurements C Differential...

Страница 81: ...tion is shown in Figure 5 2A The RS 232 interface for the Model 2182 2182A must be enabled on and the selected interface for the Model 622x must be the GPIB or the Ethernet Model 6221 PC control syste...

Страница 82: ...rential Conductance System connections WARNING Before making or breaking system connections the Models 622x and 2182 2182A and the PC must be turned off and the line cords must be disconnected from AC...

Страница 83: ...l Figure 5 3 System connections stand alone operation Connections PC control system System connections for this configuration are shown in Figure 5 4 RS 232 and Trigger Link This system configuration...

Страница 84: ...ntrol of Model 622x ETHERNET iEEE 488 RS 232 TRIGGER LINK RS 232 iEEE 488 TRIGGER LINK 8501 Trigger Link Cable PC OR IEEE 488 Cable Ethernet Cross over Cable RJ 45 male male 6221only Keithley 622x Cur...

Страница 85: ...DUT High Low HI LO OUTPUT connector Keithley 622x Current Source Inner shield set as Guard Channel 1 Guard Test Fixture Connect test fixture to a known safety earth ground using 18 AWG or larger wire...

Страница 86: ...l Conductance the Model 622x uses two interfaces for communications It uses the RS 232 to communicate with the Model 2182 2182A and it uses the GPIB or Ethernet Model 6221 only to communicate with the...

Страница 87: ...divid ual Operation procedures for Delta Pulse Delta and Differential Conductance later in this section Triggering sequence The Trigger Link is used to synchronize source measure triggering operations...

Страница 88: ...r average reading Use the UNIT POWer command see Table 5 1 to determine if the power reading is peak or aver age 3 When recalling buffer statistics such as Average or Standard Deviation for Pulse Delt...

Страница 89: ...follows 1 Press the UNITS key to display the READING UNITS menu 2 Use the Menu navigation controls see page 1 14 to select the desired measurement units VOLTS OHMS WATTS or SIEMENS 3 Model 6221 only...

Страница 90: ...d The SENS DATA FRESh command is the same as the SENS DATA LATest command except that once a reading is returned it cannot be returned again This read command guarantees that each reading gets returne...

Страница 91: ...1 20 Therefore The 1 n term in the Delta calculation is used for polarity reversal of every other calculated Delta reading This makes all calculated Delta readings in the test the same polarity DELTA...

Страница 92: ...t settings for high and low are 1mA and 1mA Delay The Delta delay occurs after a trigger from the Model 2182 2182A is received and is typically used to allow the current source to settle after changin...

Страница 93: ...s on page 5 15 a Set I HIGH I LOW DELAY COUNT and COMPLIANCE ABORT b When finished use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure 5 Set the measurement units The basic Delta reading is in volts wh...

Страница 94: ...settings can be made from the front panel or remote programming can be used Rate must be set to an integer value 1 2 3 up to 50 or 60 If some other rate is selected it will automatically be changed to...

Страница 95: ...ands B The initiate command starts Delta readings After the specified finite num ber of Delta readings are performed Delta will stop running At this point another initiate command will re start Delta...

Страница 96: ...ast Delta reading will again be returned 7 When finished with Delta it can be disarmed by sending the following com mand 8 Recall stored Delta readings Model 2182A Delta readings were sent to the buff...

Страница 97: ...Delta is armed A 0 indicates that Delta is not armed If the Model 6221 is already armed for a another action e g Differential Con ductance or Pulse Delta the Delta arm command will un arm the other ac...

Страница 98: ...lse Delta 3 point measurement technique In cases where the high pulse will cause heating of the Device Under Test DUT the measurement at the second low pulse could be adversely affected by the heat ca...

Страница 99: ...Fixed output all high and low pulses are fixed for all Pulse Delta cycles in the test For Sweep output the sweep SWP function of the Model 6221 is used to output a staircased logarithmic or user speci...

Страница 100: ...in 2mA steps The low pulse level for this sweep is 0mA Logarithmic sweep Figure 5 9B shows an example of a logarithmic Sweep output The sweep is configured to output five high pulses points The first...

Страница 101: ...e Line Cycle4 1 I High can be set from 105mA to 105mA default is 1mA 2 I Low can be set from 105mA to 105mA default is 0mA 3 Pulse Width can be set from 50 s to 12ms default is 110 s 4 One 60Hz power...

Страница 102: ...Low 0mA 10mA 10mA 1mA Stop Start Log Step Log Step Log Step Log Step Step Step Step Step Low 0mA 8mA 16mA Linear Scale 4mA 2mA 1mA One Pulse Delta Cycle Sweep Delay LO HI LO LO HI LO LO HI LO LO HI LO...

Страница 103: ...lta cycle time period Sweep output The time period for each Pulse Delta cycle is the same as the sweep delay time that is set by the user when configuring the sweep Fixed output The Pulse Delta cycle...

Страница 104: ...e integration rate measure speed of the Model 2182A Integration rate is automatically set when Pulse Delta is armed Count The Pulse Delta count specifies the number of Pulse Delta intervals to perform...

Страница 105: ...e ments on page 5 21 a 2 point measurement technique can instead be used when pulse high may cause DUT heating For the 2 point measurement tech nique the voltage measurement for the second low pulse i...

Страница 106: ...VAL disable NO the SWEEP function and set the num ber of low measurements LOW MEAS to perform b When finished configuring the Fixed output use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure II Sweep o...

Страница 107: ...infinite Pulse Delta count is being used Pulse Delta will run continuously If the buffer fills Pulse Delta readings will stop being stored even though Pulse Delta continues to run 8 When finished pres...

Страница 108: ...s to set up and arm Pulse Delta are provided in Table 5 3 The following example dem onstrates the proper sequence to set up arm and run a Fixed output A Trace points specifies the size of the buffer B...

Страница 109: ...1 using the following command The above read command reads the last Pulse Delta reading that was performed by the Model 2182A If this command is sent before a new reading is available the last Pulse D...

Страница 110: ...dth seconds 2 NRf 50e 6 to 12e 3 110e 6 SOURce 1 PDELta SDELay NRf Sets pulse delay seconds 2 3 NRf 16e 6 to 11 996e 3 16e 6 SOURce 1 PDELta RANGing name Selects fixed pulse range 2 4 name BEST or FIX...

Страница 111: ...lse Delta is not armed If the Model 6221 is already armed for another action e g Differential Con ductance or Delta the Pulse Delta arm command will un arm the other action and arm Pulse Delta Differe...

Страница 112: ...User s Manual Delta Pulse Delta and Differential Conductance 5 35 Return to Section 5 topics also calculate display and store the differential conductance dG or differential resistance dR for each ca...

Страница 113: ...alc 2 dV Calc 6 20 A dV Calc 2 B to D dV Calc 3 C to E dV Calc 4 D to F dV Calc 5 E to G dV Calc 6 F to H dV Calc 1 A to C dV Calculations The following equations are used by the 622x to calculate dif...

Страница 114: ...three A D measurements for a dV reading n Reading Number 1 Example Calculate the 21st dV reading X Y and Z are the three A D measurements for the 21st dV reading n Reading Number 1 21 1 20 Therefore...

Страница 115: ...each step of the sweep In Figure 5 10 the 10 A steps are shown by the dashed line If the step size is set to be larger than the start stop interval the step size will be readjusted to provide a 100 po...

Страница 116: ...6 System connections Figure 5 5 page 5 8 DUT test connections 2 Configure communications for the Models 2182 2182A and 622x as explained in Configuring communications page 5 9 3 On the Model 2182 218...

Страница 117: ...buffer Operation PC control The system configuration for PC control of the Model 622x is shown in Figure 5 2B 1 Connections are shown in the following illustrations All power must be removed from all...

Страница 118: ...easure ment units 5 Set up arm and run Differential Conductance Details on the com mands to set up and arm Differential Conductance are provided in Table 5 4 The following demonstrates the proper comm...

Страница 119: ...e Model 622x using the following command The above read command reads the last Differential Conductance reading that was performed by the Model 2182 2182A If this command is sent before a new reading...

Страница 120: ...Differential Conductance will start when the Model 6221 is trig gered Differential Conductance can be un armed by sending the following command SOURce SWEep ABORt Table 5 4 Differential Conductance co...

Страница 121: ...nductance is armed A 0 indicates that Differential Conductance is not armed If the Model 6221 is already armed for another action e g Delta or Pulse Delta the Differential Conductance arm command will...

Страница 122: ...h page 6 6 Buffer page 6 7 Buffer characteristics page 6 7 Storing readings page 6 8 Recall page 6 8 NOTE This section only applies to a Model 622x that is being used with a Model 2182 2182A to perfor...

Страница 123: ...oving average filter is enabled when Differential Conductance is armed the filter type will change to repeating 2 If the repeating average filter is enabled when Pulse Delta Sweep output is armed the...

Страница 124: ...rmed is calculated as follows Total Number of Cycles Moving Filter Count Cycle Count Repeating filter Basic repeating filter operation As shown in Table 6 1 the repeating average filter can be used wi...

Страница 125: ...e selected win dow the reading is a single reading conversion and new averaging starts from this point The window can only be set remotely and can be assigned any value from 0 00 to 10 The filter wind...

Страница 126: ...b Where X is the normal delta reading m and b are user entered constants for scale factor and offset Y is the displayed result Table 6 2 Averaging filter commands Command Description Default SENSe 1 A...

Страница 127: ...nning when the CALC1 read command is sent Table 6 3 Math commands Command Description Default CALCulate 1 FORMat name Select math format name NONE MXB or RECiprocal MXB CALCulate 1 KMATh MMFactor NRf...

Страница 128: ...cs Buffer size The buffer size automatically sets to accommodate the number of delta readings to be performed For example if the test is configured to perform 1 000 delta mea surements the buffer size...

Страница 129: ...g n is the number of stored readings The STD DEV value is the standard deviation of the buffered readings Standard deviation is calculated as follows Where Xi is a stored reading n is the number of st...

Страница 130: ...4 Buffer commands Command Description Default TRACe DATA Request all readings in buffer CALCulate2 FORMat name Select buffer statistic name MEAN SDEViation MAXimum MINimum or PKPK MEAN CALCulate2 STAT...

Страница 131: ...6 10 Averaging Filter Math and Buffer Model 6220 6221 User s Manual Return to Section 6 topics...

Страница 132: ...e wave function operation page 7 12 Range options page 7 3 Programming sine waves page 7 13 Arbitrary waveform ranging page 7 4 Programming arbitrary waveforms page 7 14 Frequency page 7 4 SCPI comman...

Страница 133: ...ange 2nA to 100mA Offset 0 to 105mA Phase marker 0 to 360 Duration 100ns to 999999 999s Square wave Frequency 1mHz to 100kHz Amplitude 1pA to 105mA peak Range 2nA to 100mA Offset 0 to 105mA Duty cycle...

Страница 134: ...es is from 1pA to 105mA peak The peak to peak value is double the amplitude setting For example a 1mA amplitude setting results in a 2mA peak to peak waveform The front panel allows setting wave ampli...

Страница 135: ...veform with a peak to peak value of 20mA on the 20mA range Frequency The frequency setting range for sine square ramp and arbitrary waveforms is from 1mHz to 100kHz Note that the period is the recipro...

Страница 136: ...that is rising A 50 duty cycle corresponds to a symmetric triangle wave The left waveform in B has a 100 duty cycle the center waveform has 0 duty cycle and the right waveform has 50 duty cycle A 0 m...

Страница 137: ...622x Reference Manual for connector designations You can also define which trigger output line is used for the phase marker pulse default is line 3 but you cannot use the same line used for the extern...

Страница 138: ...e a waveform is armed If the frequency is changed while the waveform is armed the existing execution time will remain fixed The equivalent time duration will not be recalculated even if the duration i...

Страница 139: ...el only DUTY CYCLE Enter duty cycle 0 to 100 PH MKR STATE OUTPUT POINT OUTPUT LINE Select phase marker and line Turn phase marker ON or OFF 0 to 360 Set trigger output line OFF 1 to 6 DURATION INFINIT...

Страница 140: ...gger on trigger link line 5 Enables external trigger on trigger link line 6 RE TRIG IGNORE TRIG RESTART IMMEDIATELY Configure response to external retriggering Ignore subsequent triggers while outputt...

Страница 141: ...NE to set the trigger line f Again from the CONFIGURE WAVEFORM menu choose RANGING press ENTER then select BEST FIXED or FIXED as desired g From the CONFIGURE WAVEFORM menu select DURATION then set th...

Страница 142: ...NE to set the trigger line f Again from the CONFIGURE WAVEFORM menu choose RANGING press ENTER then select BEST FIXED or FIXED as desired g From the CONFIGURE WAVEFORM menu select DURATION then set th...

Страница 143: ...ypical wave function example Table 7 3 summarizes parameters for each of these examples See SCPI commands wave func tions page 7 15 for a listing of wave function commands Table 7 3 Waveform example p...

Страница 144: ...on output 4 To stop generating the waveform and turn the source output off before the duration elapses send this command SOUR WAVE FUNC SIN Select sine wave SOUR WAVE FREQ 1e3 Set frequency to 1kHz S...

Страница 145: ...n the source output off before the duration elapses send this command SOUR WAVE ARB DATA 0 5 0 25 0 0 3 0 4 Define arbitrary data points in location 0 SOUR WAVE ARB COPY 1 Copy points to location 1 SO...

Страница 146: ...1e5 Hz 1e3 SOURce 1 WAVE OFFset NRf Sets offset NRf 0 105 to 0 105 A 0 SOURce 1 WAVE RANGing name Selects ranging mode name BEST or FIXed BEST SOURce 1 WAVE PMARk NRf Sets marker phase NRf 0 to 360 de...

Страница 147: ...ity INFinity SOURce 1 WAVE EXTRig ENABle b Enables disables mode to externally trigger the waveform generator b ON or OFF OFF SOURce 1 WAVE EXTRig ILINe NRf Specify trigger link input trigger line NRf...

Страница 148: ...A Specifications...

Страница 149: ...ION Line 0 01 of range Load 0 01 of range VOLTAGE LIMIT Compliance Bipolar voltage limit set with single value 0 1V to 105V in 0 01V programmable steps Accuracy for 0 1V to 20V 0 1 20mV accuracy for 2...

Страница 150: ...Safety Jack for GUARD OUTPUT LO Screw Terminal for CHASSIS DB 9 connector for EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT OUTPUT and DIGITAL I O Two position Screw Terminal for INTERLOCK INTERLOCK Maximum 10 external cir...

Страница 151: ...ng Pilot Audit RKN Ver 4 Update 5 20 04 for Eng Pilot Audit RKN Ver 5 Update 6 07 04 for Eng Pilot Audit RKN Trigger rate changed to 1000 s common mode added 50 60Hz at 250Vrms Rev A Update 6 08 04 re...

Страница 152: ...100mA 0 1 50 A 10 A 0 01 2 A 10 2 A 100 20 A 1MHz 3 s 100 s ADDITIONAL SOURCE SPECIFICATIONS OUTPUT RESISTANCE 1014 2nA 20nA range OUTPUT CAPACITANCE 10pF 100pF Filter ON 2nA 20nA range LOAD IMPEDANCE...

Страница 153: ...lscale of range Amplitude attenuation will occur at higher frequencies dependent upon current range and load impedance 3 For frequencies less than 1 Hz duty cycle not tested guaranteed by design 4 The...

Страница 154: ...IFICATIONS Arbitrary Function generation min frequency can be 1 Hz with loss of frequency accuracy Jitter definition is the amount of variation in the period 2nA 20nA ranges use the same sense resisto...

Страница 155: ...ands are not included The unabridged SCPI table listings are provided in Section 14 of the Reference Manual Calculate command summary page B 2 Display command summary page B 2 Format command summary p...

Страница 156: ...ead the results of the buffer statistic CALC3 CALC3 commands limit testing LIM b Stage 1 limit test SOUR2 NRf Set limit test fail pattern 0 to 15 15 FAIL Query limit test pass fail 0 pass 1 fail FORC...

Страница 157: ...l STAT Turn output on or off standby OFF LTE b Connect output low to earth ground ON or float output low OFF OFF ISH name Connect triax inner shield to OLOW output low or cable GUAR OLOW RESP name Set...

Страница 158: ...Set step current amps 1e 13 to 105e 3 1e 2 CENT n Set center current amps 105e 3 to 105e 3 0 SPAN n Set span current amps 2e 13 to 210e 3 100e 3 DEL n Set source delay seconds 1e 3 to 999999 999 1 SWE...

Страница 159: ...NRf Set low pulse value amps 105e 3 to 105e 3 0 WIDT NRf Set pulse width seconds 50e 6 to 12e 3 110e 6 SDEL NRf Set source delay seconds 16e 6 to 11 966e 3 16e 6 COUN NRf Set number of readings to per...

Страница 160: ...1 100 points max per instance of command POIN Query number of points in the waveform COPY NRf Copy arbitrary points to NVRAM 1 to 4 RANG name Select source ranging mode BEST or FIX BEST DUR Waveform d...

Страница 161: ...d error queue NEXT Read the most recent error message Note 4 ENABle list Specify error and status messages for error queue 999 to 999 Note 5 DISable list Specify error and status messages not to be pl...

Страница 162: ...22x out of remote REM RS 232 only Put 622x in remote RWL b RS 232 only Enable or disable local lockout ETH Ethernet interface 6221 only ADDR string Set IP address n n n n MASK string Set subnet mask n...

Страница 163: ...ify buffer size number of readings to store 1 to 65536 Note 2 ACT Query number readings stored in the buffer NOT NRf Specify number of stored readings that will set the Trace Notify bit B6 of the meas...

Страница 164: ...TRIG Trigger layer commands SOUR name Select event detector IMM or TLIN IMM SIGN Bypass TRIG control source DIR name Control TRIG source bypass SOUR or ACC ACC ILIN NRf Set TRIG input signal line 1 t...

Страница 165: ...uard 1 9 IEEE 488 1 8 Interlock 1 9 LO 1 9 Output 1 8 Power module 1 9 RS 232 1 9 Trigger Link 1 9 Contact information 1 3 Cooling vents 1 9 D Default settings 1 18 Delta 5 2 5 13 Configuration 5 15 M...

Страница 166: ...ts 5 22 Operation 5 29 Pulse Delta process 5 21 Setup commands 5 32 Sweep output 5 22 Q Query commands 1 19 R Read commands Buffer 5 13 Pre math 5 13 Rear panel summaries 1 8 Response speed 6221 3 7 R...

Страница 167: ......

Страница 168: ...ble Will not read applied input Overload Calibration only Certificate of calibration required Data required attach any additional sheets as necessary Show a block diagram of your measurement system in...

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Страница 171: ...ll other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E Keithley Instruments Inc Corporate Headquarters 28775 Aurora Ro...

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