jcb CT160, Руководство оператора, Страница: 146 / 166

Technical Data
Fluids, Lubricants and Capacities
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• US EPA : United States Environmental Protection Agency
• ASTEM : American Society of Testing and Materials
• US EPA : United States Environmental Protection Agency
Do not use kerosene in Kubota diesel engines.
Requirements for Diesel Fuel
1. Good ignitability
1.1. Fuel with good ignitability burns quickly as it is atomized into the combustion chamber, allowing easy
starting and smooth running with a minimum of smoke and noise. Therefore, fuel with good ignitability
must be used. Ignitability is indicated by the cetane number.
1.2. The minimum recommended fuel Cetane rating is 45. A cetane rating greater than 50 is preferred,
especially for below the specified ambient temperatures or elevations above the specified height.
Temperature: -20 °C ( -4.0 °F)
Length/Dimension/Distance: 1,500 m
2. Appropriate viscosity
2.1. Combustion is the engine begins with atomization of fuel, which requires a low viscosity. However,
penetration of injection is required of the atomized fuel to distribute the atomized particles throughout
the combustion chamber, this requires certain amount of viscosity.
2.2. Fuel is also used to lubricate the plunger and nozzle sliding in the fuel injection subsystem, fuel must
have a viscosity sufficient enough to prevent wear and seizure of parts.
2.3. It must not be too viscous, because volatility of the atomized fuel will be reduced and distribution
throughout the combustion chamber will be uneven.
3. Low sulfur content
3.1. The sulfur content of fuel must be as low as possible since it contributes to wear of parts and
deterioration of oil. When a sulfuric compound is burned, it changes to sulfurous acid gas (SO2) and
sulfuric anhydride (SO3).
3.2. A large amount of water is also generated in the form of condensation within the engine crankcase. All
of these by-products turn into sulfuric acid, which is strongly corrosive. Corrosion in a diesel engine
is the result.
3.3. Diesel fuel specification type and sulfur content percentage (ppm) used, must be compliant with all
applicable emission regulations for the area in which the engine is operated.
3.4. Use of diesel fuel with sulfur content less than 0.10 % (1000 ppm) is strongly recommended.
3.5. If high-sulfur (sulfur content 0.50 % (5000 ppm) to 1.0 % (10000 ppm)) is used as a diesel fuel, change
the engine oil and filter at shorter intervals (approximately half).
3.6. Do not use fuels that have sulfur content greater than 1.0 % (10000 ppm).
3.7. No.1-D or No.2-D, S500 : Low Sulfur (LSD) less than 500 ppm or 0.05 wt.%
3.8. No.1-D or No.2-D, S15 : Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) 15 ppm or 0.0015 wt.%
3.9. Use of high sulfur fuel in an external EGR system prohibited.
4. Low pour point
4.1. Fuel must have a low pour point to run smoothly from the fuel tank to the filter and through the fuel
pipe of the fuel pump in cold weather.
4.2. A low pour point and a good ignitability have contradicting effects since low pour point fuel generally
has low cetane number.
5. Good volatility
5.1. Fuel is atomized, vaporized and mixed with air before ignition at the combustion of diesel engine. Fuel
must have a good volatility to become vaporized and burn quickly.