24
7 START
UP
WARNING: Before start up, open the door and insert wholly turbolators into the
front end sections of the smoke tubes, ensuring that they have been pushed in-
side for at least 100 mm.
7.1
PRELIMINARY CHECKS
Before starting the boiler, check that:
- The
rating plate
specifications and power supply network (electricity, water, gas
or fuel oil) specifications correspond;
- The
burner
power range
is compatible with the power of the boiler;
-
There is a copy of the burner instructions in the boiler room;
- The
flue gas exhaust pipe
is correctly fitted;
- The
air inlet supply
is the correct size and free from any obstacle;
- The
manhole
, the
smokebox
and the
burner plate
are closed in order to provide a complete flue gas
seal;
-
The system is
full of water
and that any
air pockets
have been eliminated;
- The
anti-freeze
protections are operative;
- The
water
circulation pumps
are operating correctly.
- The expansion vessel and the safety valve(s) have been connected correctly (with no interception) and
are properly operating.
-
Check the electrical parts and thermostat operation.
7.2
WATER TREATMENT
The most common phenomena that occur in heating systems are:
- Scaling
Scale reduces heat transfer between the combustion gases and the water, causing an abnormal increase
in the temperature of the metal and therefore reducing the life of the boiler.
Scale is found mostly at the points where the wall temperature is highest and the best remedy, at con-
struction level, is to eliminate areas that overheat.
Scale creates an insulating layer which reduces the thermal transfer of the generator, affecting system ef-
ficiency. This means that the heat produced by burning the fuel is not fully exploited and is lost to the flue
Scale diagram
Key
%
% fuel not used
mm
mm scale
- Corrosion on the water side
Corrosion of the metal surfaces of the boiler on the water side is due to the passage of dissolved iron
through its ions (Fe+). In this process the presence of dissolved gases and in particular of oxygen and
carbon dioxide is very important. Corrosion often occurs with softened or demineralised water which has
a more aggressive effect on iron (acid water with Ph <7): in these cases, although the system is protected
from scaling, it is not protected against corrosion and the water must be treated with corrosion inhibitors.
7.3
FILLING THE SYSTEM
The water must enter the system as slowly as possible and in a quantity proportional to the air bleeding ca-
pacity of the components involved. Filling times vary depending on the capacity and characteristics of the
system but should never be less than 2 or 3 hours.
In the case of a sealed system with an
expansion vessel
, water is let in until the pressure gauge indicator
reaches the static pressure value pre-set in the vessel.
Heat the water to maximum temperature. During this operation the air contained in the water is released
through the automatic air separators or through manual bleed valves. Once the air has been entirely re-
leased, reset the pressure to the pre-established value and close the manual and/or automatic filling valve.
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