accurate
to
calibrate
at
a
low
signal
lev
el
without
c
hanging
the
setup,
or
c
hange
the
setup
to
optimize
lev
els
for
b oth
calibration
and
measuremen
t.
Changing
the
P
ort
1
or
the
P
ort
2
attenuator
do es
not
seriously
c
hange
the
test
set
mismatch,
directivit
y
,
or
isolation
c
haracteristics,
but
will
c
hange
the
frequency
resp onse
magnitude
and
phase.
This
dierence
in
the
frequency
resp onse
b et
w
een
calibration
and
measuremen
t
can
b e
normalized
using
the
HP
8510
trace
memories.
The
following
pro cedures
can
help
minimize
the
errors
due
to
c
hanging
the
signal
lev
els
b et
w
een
calibration
and
measuremen
ts.
Set
the
A
ttenuators.
If
only
the
P
ort
1
or
P
ort
attenuators
are
c
hanged,
the
following
pro cedure
can
minimize
the
errors.
1.
Connect
a
short
or
a
thru
and
set
the
P
ort
1
and
P
ort
2
attenuators
for
b est
IF
signal
lev
els
during
calibration.
2.
P
erform
appropriate
measuremen
t
calibration.
3.
With
an
appropriate
standard
connected,
set
the
P
ort
1
and
P
ort
2
attenuators
to
the
setting
required
for
op erating
the
test
device.
If
y
ou
view
the
resp onse
of
a
short
circuit,
notice
that
c
hanging
the
P
ort
1
attenuators
has
negligible
eect
on
the
S
11
marker
reading,
and
that
c
hanging
P
ort
2
attenuators
has
negligible
eect
on
the
S
22
marker
reading.
This
is
due
to
the
w
a
y
that
the
attenuators
are
paired.
Both
the
reference
and
the
test
signal
are
c
hanged
an
appro
ximately
equal
amoun
t.
Ho
w
ev
er,
when
viewing
S
21
or
S
12
,
c
hanging
the
P
ort
1
or
P
ort
2
attenuators
osets
the
marker
reading
b
y
the
dierence
in
the
P
ort
1
and
P
ort
2
v
alues.
Store
Trace
Memories.
The
main
frequency
resp onse
eects
of
c
hanging
the
attenuators
can
b e
comp ensated
for
b
y
using
the
HP
8510
trace
memories
and
trace
mathematics
as
follo
ws.
1.
Connect
the
thru
used
for
calibration.
Set
the
p ort
attenuators
to
the
v
alue
used
for
measuremen
t
of
the
device.
Rec
hec
k
the
user
parameter
lev
els
then
press
4
S
21
5.
2.
Press
4
DISPLA
Y
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
DATA
!MEMORY
to
store
the
S
21
trace
in
default
trace
memory
1.
This
trace
is
the
frequency
resp onse
dierence
of
the
S
21
signal
path
b et
w
een
calibration
and
measuremen
t.
3.
Press
4
S
12
5
4
DISPLA
Y
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
DATA
!
MEMORY
to
store
the
S
12
trace
in
trace
memory
2.
This
trace
is
the
frequency
resp onse
dierence
of
the
S
12
signal
path
b et
w
een
calibration
and
measuremen
t.
No
w
that
these
traces
are
stored,
they
can
b e
used
to
normalize
the
corrected
data.
View
the
Normalized
P
arameters.
Use
these
traces
to
normalize
the
corrected
data
to
the
new
lev
els
after
the
attenuation
is
c
hanged.
This
example
uses
normalization
only
for
S
21
and
S
12
.
Press
the
follo wing
k
eys
to
view
the
corrected
parameters.
1.
Press
4
DISPLA
Y
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
DISPLAY:
DATA
.
2.
Press
4
S
11
5
and
view
the
S
11
measuremen
t.
3.
Press
4
S
22
5and
view
the
S
22
measuremen
t.
4.
Press
4
S
21
5
and
view
the
S
21
measuremen
t.
If
the
thru
is
connected,
the
transmission
co ecien
t
should
b e
1
6
0
.
5.
Press
4
S
12
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SELECT
DEFAULTS
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
DEFAULT
to
MEMORY:
2
.
3-34
Operation
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