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ACRONYMS AND EQUATIONS 

CHAPTER 6 

Gilmore AM, Yamamoto HY (1991) Zeaxanthin formation and energy-
dependent fluorescence quenching in pea chloroplasts under artificially 
mediated linear and cyclic electron transport. Plant Physiol 96: 635–643 

Jassby AD, Platt T (1976) Mathematical formulation of the relationship 
between photosynthesis and light for phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 
21: 540-547 

Kitajima M, Butler WL (1975) Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence 
and primary photochemistry in chloroplasts by dibromothymoquinone. 
Biochim Biophys Acta 376:105-115 

Kramer DM, Johnson G., Kiirats O, Edwards GE (2004) New flux pa-
rameters for the determination of Q

A

 redox state and excitation fluxes. 

Photosynthesis Res 79: 209-218) 

Oxborough K, Baker NR (1997) Resolving chlorophyll a fluorescence 
images of photosynthetic efficiency into photochemical and non-
photochemical components - calculation of qP and Fv'/Fm' without 
measuring Fo'. Photosynth Res Volume 54 135-142 

Pfündel EE, Ben Ghozlen N, Meyer S, Cerovic ZG (2007) Investigating 
UV screening in leaves by two different types of portable UV fluorime-
ters reveals in vivo screening by anthocyanins and carotenoids. Photo-
synth Res 93. 205-221 

Platt T, Gallegos CL, Harrison WG (1980) Photoinhibition of photosyn-
thesis in natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton. J Mar Res 38: 
687-701 

Schreiber U, Schliwa U, Bilger W (1986) Continuous recording of pho-
tochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching 
with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynth Res 10: 51–62 

van Kooten O, Snel J (1990) The use of chlorophyll fluorescence no-
menclature in plant stress physiology. Photosynth Res 25: 147–150 

 

51 

Содержание JUNIOR PAM

Страница 1: ...de 2 154 12 07 1 Edition December 07 JPM_070906 doc Erhard Pf ndel Heinz Walz GmbH 2007 Heinz Walz GmbH Eichenring 6 91090 Effeltrich Germany Phone 49 0 9133 7765 0 Telefax 49 0 9133 5395 E mail info...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...13 4 2 Fluorescence Induction Curve 15 5 Operation of the JUNIOR PAM 17 5 1 The Initial Window Chart Window 17 5 1 1 Box 1 Main Menu Bar 18 5 1 2 Box 2 Data Management and Graph Design 19 5 1 3 Box 3...

Страница 4: ...6 4 Box 17 Program Parameters 40 5 6 5 Box 18 PAR List LED 41 5 7 System Setting 41 6 Acronyms and Equations 43 6 1 Relative Fluorescence Yields 43 6 1 1 Measurements with Dark acclimated Samples 43...

Страница 5: ...his device out of the rain and away from mois ture Do not expose the apparatus to dripping or splashing and do not place any object filled with liquid such as drinking vessels beakers or test tubes on...

Страница 6: ...CHAPTER 1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Device not in use If you are not going to use the device for some time remove the plug from the socket Cleaning Clean only with dry cloth 2...

Страница 7: ...orometer b USB cable to connect the JUNIOR PAM fluorometer to a com puter c CD ROM including WinControl 3 software and JUNIOR PAM user s manual d Booklet JUNIOR PAM user s manual not shown in Fig 2 1...

Страница 8: ...sert free end of light fiber into top of the fiber port of the magnetic leaf clip Fig 3 until the fiber tip is flush with the sample facing sur face of the fiber port Finger tighten the plastic screw...

Страница 9: ...nuals CD ROM contains the complete collection of the Walz Software Manuals In this case the CD starts the default internet browser of your computer If automatic browser start fails double click on ind...

Страница 10: ...address number and name of your JUNIOR PAM e g 1 JUNIOR PAM II With the fluorescence standard or a green leaf in the magnetic leaf clip and Meas Light and Rec Online checked the chart typically displ...

Страница 11: ...ic membranes between 2 and 10 of absorbed quanta are emitted as photosystem II PS II fluorescence which is equivalent to a quantum yield for PS II fluorescence between 0 02 and 0 1 In com parison fluo...

Страница 12: ...depicted which consists of two separate 80 s intervals of actinic illumination of different intensities Always a pulsed light source with constant pulse height but rather low intensity is active The...

Страница 13: ...ion PAM fluorescence measurements PAM fluorometers measure only the height of fluorescence peaks caused by the pulsed measuring light source compare insert Panel B In the presence of uniform excitatio...

Страница 14: ...on photochemical quench ing The saturating pulse analysis has been designed to distinguish be tween the two fluorescence quenching mechanisms Figure 3 2 shows a fluorescence curve induced by actinic i...

Страница 15: ...ed radiation is preferably absorbed by photosystem I but to a much lesser degree by photosystem II The selective operation of photosystem I quickly withdraws electrons from the intersystem elec tron c...

Страница 16: ...reaction centers become fully open only after a considerable part of non photochemical quenching has decayed In conclusion the primary information of saturating pulse analysis is 1 the fluorescence in...

Страница 17: ...t WinControl 3 and locate the fluorescence trace on the chart If the signal is not in view make sure that Rec Online is checked and click the Autoscale button Press the Fo Fm button to determine the F...

Страница 18: ...sity decreases faster and drops to a lower value than in the previous Act Yield step see Fig 4 1 It is recommended to repeat the latter two steps to establish a clear pat tern of the effect of far red...

Страница 19: ...clicking the Rec tab and the New Record Locate the fluorescence trace on the chart and determine Fv Fm Switch on Act Light and start repetitive saturating pulse analyses by checking Clock Switch off...

Страница 20: ...up the pH and hence non photochemical quenching Towards the end of illumination part of the pH is dissipated via the chloroplast ATP synthase in response to the growing ATP requirements of carbon fixa...

Страница 21: ...Windows operating systems to vary window sizes Figure 5 1 depicts the initial window of the WinControl software The window is graphically divided into 11 sections 10 boxes and the chart area The graph...

Страница 22: ...trols the display of Boxes 7 to 9 via mouse click Warnings Ticking prompts the display of program starting time and non critical errors Batch Window Opens batch file window Batch files are small pro g...

Страница 23: ...Grid on off Graph design command View Symbols Graph design command View Lines Graph design command Float Creates a floating chart window Graph set tings and data display of the new chart are independ...

Страница 24: ...and clicking the right mouse bottom A single left button click in the chart area removes an existing selection Export All Export all graphed data online and saturating pulse analysis data as CSV file...

Страница 25: ...o the JUNIOR PAM and the PAR in Box 5 checked the PAR corresponds to the sum of the ac tinic intensity as defined by the Int PAR list plus the data of the external sensor Note that the Int PAR list da...

Страница 26: ...er related to non photochemical quenching require both saturating pulse analy sis of the dark acclimated and light exposed leaf Coefficients of photochemical fluorescence qP and qL require fluores cen...

Страница 27: ...lected and displayed in the chart by clicking on the record num ber Note when induction and light curves are displayed the Rec sidebar lists the presently loaded induction curves IC and light curves L...

Страница 28: ...m II reaction centers are closed by a strong light pulse relative units Fv Fm Fm Fo Fm maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II Group 2 The group includes data of qP qL qN NPQ Y NPQ and Y...

Страница 29: ...s a saturating light flash of interval and intensity defined in Set tings Clicking the Fo Fm determines the fluorescence yields Fo and Fm By definition the Fo and Fm levels are properties of dark accl...

Страница 30: ...asuring light To become active Meas Light needs to be checked Note that measuring light changes automatically to high frequencies at actinic light intensities higher than level 3 and during saturating...

Страница 31: ...rm measurements can be avoided by switching off the Rec Online Box 2 The adjustable parameters of the Basic window are Act Int 12 levels of PAR can be selected by clicking the up or down arrow in the...

Страница 32: ...asing pulse inter vals Batch Run exposure program as defined by a batch file Currently not available for JUNIOR PAM fluorometers 5 1 8 Box 8 Graph Type and Fluorometer Settings Induct Curve and Light...

Страница 33: ...r at the right chart border permits flexible posi tioning of data Automatic Ordinate Scaling The command scales all data which are selected in Box 3 so that they fit on the chart Ay Manual Abscissa Sc...

Страница 34: ...a text field to note down key information of your experiment Each record can be labeled differently and addi tional text fields are available for each induction or light curve 5 1 11 CHART Selecting...

Страница 35: ...ht Curve Window Time PAR With PAR checked the Light Curve window displays Rapid Light Curves recorded by the Light Curve or LC Recov programs Box 7 using PAR photosynthetic active radiation moles phot...

Страница 36: ...ity of boxes is identical to Figure 5 1 except boxes 2 and 3 5 4 1 Box 2 Data Management Options The Options button includes three menu items of which two Jump to Selection and Delete Selected Data ar...

Страница 37: ...types are available the Val and the Chan sidebar Checkboxes on the Val sidebar affect the display of data selected data are displayed as numerical values below each fluo rescence transient in the SAT...

Страница 38: ...traces are automatically scaled to fit into the coordinate systems Also values of F and Fm are shown as dashed horizontal lines A series of fluorescence transients can be quickly looked over by using...

Страница 39: ...ly displays selected data in the Report Data Field Data can be selected in the Chart window as described above see 5 1 11 or in the Report Data Field by moving the mouse cursor with left mouse button...

Страница 40: ...he parameters exported can be selected by the checkboxes on the sidebar In analogy to the print commands Export All exports all data in CSV comma separated values format which can be imported into mos...

Страница 41: ...pes 5 6 Settings Window The Settings window controls the function of the JUNIOR PAM s LEDs as well as the performance of preprogrammed fluorescence ex periments see 5 1 7 5 6 1 Box 14 Instrument Name...

Страница 42: ...el An increase in the numbers of flashes pulse increases the Fo level only if some PS II reaction become closed by the now higher integrated measuring light intensity In this case the flash intensity...

Страница 43: ...t a distance of 1 mm from the tip of the 400 mm JUNOIR PAM light fiber the values for PAR of the In ternal PAR list in moles m2 s apply Note that damage to the light fiber or long term used LEDs can d...

Страница 44: ...n saturating pulse analyses during fluorescence induction and Length determines the number of saturating pulses analyses carried out Therefore the time interval of actinic illumination in a fluorescen...

Страница 45: ...c light red continuous Normal operation and saturating flash Additional codes during firmware update green red alternating high Waiting for software red continuous Update running 5 7 System Setting No...

Страница 46: ...e JUNIOR PAM fluorescent standard By using the standard correct adjustment is achieved when the levels of F and Fm are equal Meas Light Adjustment of measuring light The factory set value for Meas Lig...

Страница 47: ...at edly measured during subsequent sample treatments for example expo sure to actinic light see Figure 6 1 6 1 1 Measurements with Dark acclimated Samples F0 Minimum fluorescence level excited by very...

Страница 48: ...e a saturating pulse is applied 6 2 Fluorescence Quenching Coefficients To quantify photochemical use and non photochemical losses of ab sorbed light energy fluorescence quotients have been derived wh...

Страница 49: ...quenching Schreiber et al 1986 as formulated by van Kooten and Snel 1990 0 M F F F F q M P Coefficient of photochemical fluores cence quenching assuming intercon nected PS II antennae Kramer et al 200...

Страница 50: ...easurements with the dark acclimated sample except the F0 is calculated Fo Mode unchecked according to Oxborough and Baker 1997 see 6 1 qN and NPQ Parameters of non photochemical quenching Both parame...

Страница 51: ...ber and a distance between sample and fiber tip of 1 mm For other illumination conditions the PAR entering ETR calculations does not apply Also de creased LED output after long term use or defective l...

Страница 52: ...me interval of each intensity level is too short for full equilibration of photosynthetic reac tions Therefore these so called Rapid Light Curves RLC provide information on the present state of photos...

Страница 53: ...CHAPTER 6 REG1 In case of REG1 the results from fitting mPot mPot ETR PPFD ETR PPFD mPot e e ETR ETR 1 to the light curve data using the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm Also Figure 6 2 Model Functions o...

Страница 54: ...nction REG2 is monotonically nondecreasing and hence does not allow for photoinhibition tanh m m ETR PPFD ETR ETR Here the and ETRm are estimated by the fitting procedure With the latter two parameter...

Страница 55: ...K Baker NR 1997 Resolving chlorophyll a fluorescence images of photosynthetic efficiency into photochemical and non photochemical components calculation of qP and Fv Fm without measuring Fo Photosynth...

Страница 56: ...52...

Страница 57: ...Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 43 599 626 Govindjee 1995 Sixty three years since Kautsky Chlorophyll a fluo rescence Aust J Plant Physiol 22 131 160 Haldrup A Jensen PE Lunde C Scheller HV 2001 Balance...

Страница 58: ...imm B Porra RJ R diger W Scheer H eds Advances in Photosynthesis and Respi ration Vol 25 Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls Biochemistry Biophysics Functions and Applications Springer The Netherlan...

Страница 59: ...rom JUNIOR PAM and leaf surface 90 Power consumption 100 mW at normal operation and 500 mW during saturation pulse Power supply 5 V DC from USB voltage source Dimensions 112 x 60 x 31 mm L x W x H Wei...

Страница 60: ...r to measure pulse amplitude modulated PAM fluorescence Temperature Integrated circuit temperature sensor User interface Software WinControl 3 software for PAM fluorometers Data power cable 1 2 m USB...

Страница 61: ...nel 3 This warranty shall not apply to any product supplied by the Heinz Walz GmbH Germany which has been subjected to misuse abuse abnormal use negligence alteration or accident 4 This warranty does...

Страница 62: ...ranty service must be carefully packed and sent freight prepaid 4 Heinz Walz GmbH Germany is not responsible or liable for miss ing components or damage to the unit caused by handling during shipping...

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