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Motor negative sequence impedance at a given slip s by the formula:

[(R1 + R'2/s)2 + (X1 + X'2)2]0.5

That means: [(R1 + R'2/2)2 + (X1 + X'2)2]0.5 when s << 1 at normal running speed.

Where:

PPS = positive phase sequence

NPS = negative phase sequence

R1 = PPS Stator Resistance

R'1 = PPS Rotor Resistance Referred to Stator

X1 = PPS Rotor Reactance

X'1 = PPS Rotor Reactance Referred to Stator

R2 = NPS Stator Resistance

R'2 = NPS Rotor Resistance Referred to Stator

X2 = NPS Rotor Reactance

X'2 = NPS Rotor Reactance Referred to Stator

s = Slip

The value of resistance is generally much less than the leakage reactance. Therefore, neglecting the resistance
term, the motor negative phase sequence impedance at normal running speed can be approximated to the
positive phase sequence impedance at standstill.

At normal running speed:

positive sequence impedance

negative sequence impedance

sta

≅

rrting current

normal load current

For example, if a motor has a starting current of six times the full load value, the negative sequence impedance
would be about 1/6 the positive sequence impedance.

Therefore, the presence of 5% negative sequence voltage in the supply would result in approximately 30% of
negative sequence current.

The a.c. resistance of the rotor conductor to the induced negative sequence current is greater due to the higher
frequency [(2-s)f], causing skin effect. The heating effect of negative sequence current is therefore greater and
increases the motor losses.

It is therefore essential to detect any negative sequence current present on the system and act accordingly before
dangerous temperatures occur in the motor.

The P24xM relay includes several methods for the detection of negative phase sequence currents, depending on
the cause of the unbalance. These methods are addressed in detail below.

6.5.1.1

THREE PHASE VOLTAGE CHECK (REVERSE PHASE DETECTION)

Principle

Incorrect phase rotation of the incoming supply to the motor results in the motor rotating in the opposite direction.
For certain directionally sensitive applications, such as lifts and conveyor belts, this is a potentially dangerous
condition and must be detected rapidly.

Although the above condition does not result in the flow of negative phase sequence current in the motor, 100%
negative phase sequence current are presented to the measuring circuitry of the relay.

Chapter 6 - Current Protection Functions

P24xM

106

P24xM-TM-EN-2.1

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Содержание P24DM

Страница 1: ...GE Grid Solutions MiCOM P40 Agile P24DM P24NM Technical Manual Motor Protection IED Hardware Version A Software Version 62 Publication Reference P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...Hazards 18 4 3 UL CSA CUL Requirements 19 4 4 Fusing Requirements 19 4 5 Equipment Connections 20 4 6 Protection Class 1 Equipment Requirements 20 4 7 Pre energisation Checklist 21 4 8 Peripheral Circ...

Страница 4: ...49 5 Protection and Control Functions 50 5 1 Acquisition of Samples 50 5 2 Frequency Tracking 50 5 3 Fourier Signal Processing 50 5 4 Programmable Scheme Logic 51 5 5 Event Recording 51 5 6 Disturban...

Страница 5: ...rent Setting Threshold Selection 101 6 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection 102 6 1 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection Implementation 102 6 2 Non Directional Negative Sequence Overcurrent Lo...

Страница 6: ...13 3 1 Setting Guidelines 147 14 Stall protection 148 14 1 Prolonged start 148 14 2 Locked rotor during starting stall time start time 149 14 3 Stall during running 150 14 4 Momentary reduction in sys...

Страница 7: ...Breaker Fail Logic 183 5 Undercurrent and ZCD Logic for CB Fail 185 6 CB Fail SEF Protection Logic 186 7 CB Fail Non Current Protection Logic 187 8 Circuit Breaker Mapping 188 9 Application Notes 189...

Страница 8: ...rotection 217 7 1 Positive Sequence Overvoltage Implementation 217 7 2 Positive Sequence Overvoltage Logic 217 8 Moving Average Voltage Functions 218 8 1 Moving Average Undervoltage Logic 218 8 2 Movi...

Страница 9: ...nts 251 3 Disturbance Recorder 252 4 Measurements 253 4 1 Measured Quantities 253 4 1 1 Measured and Calculated Currents 253 4 1 2 Measured and Calculated Voltages 253 4 1 3 Power and Energy Quantitie...

Страница 10: ...n Notes 281 4 3 1 Setting Guidelines 281 5 Trip Circuit Supervision 282 5 1 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 1 282 5 1 1 Resistor Values 282 5 1 2 PSL for TCS Scheme 1 283 5 2 Trip Circuit Supervision...

Страница 11: ...6 1 7 Programmable Scheme Logic Settings 320 6 1 8 Time Synchronisation 320 6 1 9 Courier Configuration 320 6 2 IEC 60870 5 103 322 6 2 1 Physical Connection and Link Layer 322 6 2 2 Initialisation 32...

Страница 12: ...de 358 7 1 IEC 60870 5 103 Protocol Blocking 358 7 2 Courier Protocol Blocking 358 7 3 IEC 61850 Protocol Blocking 359 7 4 Read Only Settings 359 7 5 Read Only DDB Signals 359 8 Time Synchronisation 3...

Страница 13: ...IRIG B Connection 390 4 9 Opto input Connections 391 4 10 Output Relay Connections 391 4 11 Ethernet Metallic Connections 391 4 12 Ethernet Fibre Connections 391 4 13 USB Connection 391 5 Case Dimensi...

Страница 14: ...rcurrent Check 414 7 2 Connecting the Test Circuit 414 7 3 Performing the Test 414 7 4 Check the Operating Time 414 8 Onload Checks 416 8 1 Confirm Current Connections 416 8 2 Confirm Voltage Connecti...

Страница 15: ...tor Protection 437 3 9 Selective Overcurrent Protection 437 3 10 Cold Load Pickup Protection 438 4 Performance of Voltage Protection Functions 439 4 1 Undervoltage Protection 439 4 2 Overvoltage Prote...

Страница 16: ...Temperature Range 456 14 2 Temperature Endurance Test 456 14 3 Ambient Humidity Range 456 14 4 Corrosive Environments 456 15 Type Tests 457 15 1 Insulation 457 15 2 Creepage Distances and Clearances 4...

Страница 17: ...Appendix C Wiring Diagrams 467 P24xM Contents P24xM TM EN 2 1 xv...

Страница 18: ...Contents P24xM xvi P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 19: ...ettings 80 Figure 20 Thermal curve modification 82 Figure 21 IEC 60255 IDMT curves 87 Figure 22 IEC standard and very inverse curves 90 Figure 23 IEC Extremely inverse and IEEE moderate inverse curves...

Страница 20: ...5 Practical case resistance present in XL and Xc 128 Figure 56 Non directional SEF logic 130 Figure 57 EPATR B characteristic shown for TMS 1 0 131 Figure 58 Resistive components of spill current 132...

Страница 21: ...age single and three phase tripping mode single stage 205 Figure 99 Overvoltage single and three phase tripping mode single stage 208 Figure 100 Residual Overvoltage logic 211 Figure 101 Residual volt...

Страница 22: ...PSL for TCS Scheme 1 283 Figure 137 TCS Scheme 2 284 Figure 138 PSL for TCS Scheme 2 284 Figure 139 TCS Scheme 3 285 Figure 140 PSL for TCS Scheme 3 286 Figure 141 TCS Scheme 4 286 Figure 142 PSL for...

Страница 23: ...k mounting of products 386 Figure 162 MiDOS terminal block 388 Figure 163 Earth link for cable screen 390 Figure 164 20TE case dimensions 392 Figure 165 30TE case dimensions 393 Figure 166 40TE case d...

Страница 24: ...Table of Figures P24xM xxii P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 25: ...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...

Страница 26: ...Chapter 1 Introduction P24xM 2 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 27: ...l manual and an introduction to the device s described in this technical manual This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 3 Foreword 4 Product Scope 6 Features and Functions 7 Logi...

Страница 28: ...troubleshooting or operating any of the products within the specified product range This includes installation and commissioning personnel as well as engineers who will be responsible for operating t...

Страница 29: ...anges of nomenclature however The word relay is no longer used to describe the device itself Instead the device is referred to as the IED Intelligent Electronic Device the device or the product The wo...

Страница 30: ...d motor protection device with current and voltage inputs All models are available in 20TE 30TE and 40TE case sizes with a range of Input Output options which are described in the hardware design chap...

Страница 31: ...ad Yes Yes 32 RevPowPDOP Phase directional power reverse No Yes 49 ThmPTTR Motor thermal overload Yes Yes 50BF RBRF CB failure 2 stages 2 stages 66 MotPMSS Number of starts Yes Yes 27 VtpPhsPTUV Under...

Страница 32: ...logic PSL Circuit breaker control status condition monitoring XCBR 52 Trip circuit and coil supervision CT supervision only for products with VT inputs VT supervision only for products with VT inputs...

Страница 33: ...German Italian Portuguese Spanish Russian Yes Front port USB 1st rear port RS485 or IRIG B 2nd rear port optional RS485 or IRIG B or single channel Ethernet or dual redundant Ethernet Serial Protocols...

Страница 34: ...g note will accompany the relevant part The logic diagrams follow a convention for the elements used using defined colours and shapes A key to this convention is provided below We recommend viewing th...

Страница 35: ...ising Quantity Hardcoded setting RD Q S Comparator for detecting undervalues Switch MeasurementCell Derived setting SRLatch HMIkey Pulse Latch Connection Node Inverted logicinput Softswitch Latched on...

Страница 36: ...easurements Fault records Local USB RS485 Ethernet Digital I O Opto inputs Relay outputs IRIG B 48 51LR 51S Event records 14 CB Monitoring DC Supervision Self Monitoring Trip Circuit Supervision CB Mo...

Страница 37: ...CHAPTER 2 SAFETY INFORMATION...

Страница 38: ...Chapter 2 Safety Information P24xM 14 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 39: ...nnel safe at all times You must be familiar with information contained in this chapter before unpacking installing commissioning or servicing the equipment This chapter contains the following sections...

Страница 40: ...quipment and the system to which it is being connected familiar with accepted safety engineering practises and are authorised to energise and de energise equipment in the correct manner trained in the...

Страница 41: ...g Risk of electric shock Warning Risk of damage to eyesight Earth terminal Note This symbol may also be used for a protective conductor earth terminal if that terminal is part of a terminal block or s...

Страница 42: ...ation before installing commissioning or servicing the equipment Caution Always use the equipment as specified Failure to do so will jeopardise the protection provided by the equipment Warning Removal...

Страница 43: ...face of a Type 1 enclosure as defined by Underwriters Laboratories UL Caution To maintain compliance with UL and CSA CUL install the equipment using UL CSA recognised parts for cables protective fuses...

Страница 44: ...of 1 3 Nm Tighten captive screws of terminal blocks to 0 5 Nm minimum and 0 6 Nm maximum Caution Always use insulated crimp terminations for voltage and current connections Caution Always use the corr...

Страница 45: ...ons that are pre wired but not used should be earthed or connected to a common grouped potential 4 7 PRE ENERGISATION CHECKLIST Caution Check voltage rating polarity rating label equipment documentati...

Страница 46: ...ed cable screen conductor ii The connected cable shall have its screen conductor connected to the protective conductor terminal PCT of the connected equipment at both ends This connection may be inher...

Страница 47: ...gised as this may result in damage to the equipment Hazardous live voltages would also be exposed endangering personnel Caution Internal modules and assemblies can be heavy and may have sharp edges Ta...

Страница 48: ...llel which may still be charged To avoid electric shock discharge the capacitors using the external terminals before decommissioning Caution Avoid incineration or disposal to water courses Dispose of...

Страница 49: ...in an outdoor location it must be mounted in a specific cabinet or housing to provide the equipment with the appropriate level of protection from the expected outdoor environment 6 3 R TTE COMPLIANCE...

Страница 50: ...tegory for control of equipment in gas atmospheres in Zone 1 and 2 This equipment with parentheses marking around the zone number is not itself suitable for operation within a potentially explosive at...

Страница 51: ...CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE DESIGN...

Страница 52: ...Chapter 3 Hardware Design P24xM 28 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 53: ...ion about the product s hardware design This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 29 Hardware Architecture 30 Mechanical Implementation 32 Terminal Connections 36 Front Panel 37 P2...

Страница 54: ...le in the following figure which shows typical modules and the flow of data between them Communications Analogue Inputs I O Interconnection Output relay module Opto input module CTs VTs RS485 module E...

Страница 55: ...on volatile and therefore no backup battery is required A dedicated Supercapacitor keeps the on board real time clock operational for up to four days after power down P24xM Chapter 3 Hardware Design P...

Страница 56: ...mensions for industrial products usually follow modular measurement units based on rack sizes These are U for height and TE for width where 1U 1 75 inches 44 45 mm 1TE 0 2 inches 5 08 mm The products...

Страница 57: ...ANEL The 20TE rear panel consists of two MIDOS heavy duty terminal blocks Figure 5 20TE rear panel 3 3 30TE REAR PANEL The 30TE rear panel consists of either Three MIDOS heavy duty terminal blocks Two...

Страница 58: ...Figure 6 30TE Three MIDOS block rear panel Figure 7 30TE Two MIDOS block communications rear panel Chapter 3 Hardware Design P24xM 34 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 59: ...ing plate 3 4 40TE REAR PANEL The 40TE rear panel consists of Three MIDOS heavy duty terminal blocks and a communication board Figure 9 40TE Three MIDOS block communications rear panel P24xM Chapter 3...

Страница 60: ...13 1 group of 3 and 2 groups of 5 3 1 group of 3 6 1 group of 3 and 3 individual 7 1 group of 5 and 2 individual 10 1 group of 3 1 group of 5 and 2 individual 12 2 groups of 5 and 2 individual Output...

Страница 61: ...re 10 Front panel 20TE The figures show the front panels for the 20TE variant It consists of LCD display Keypad USB port 4 x fixed function tri colour LEDs 4 x programmable tri colour LEDs P24xM Chapt...

Страница 62: ...ow the front panels for the 30TE variant It consists of LCD display Keypad USB port 4 x fixed function tri colour LEDs 8 x programmable tri colour LEDs 3 x function keys 3 x tri colour LEDs for the fu...

Страница 63: ...4 x fixed function tri colour LEDs 8 x programmable tri colour LEDs 3 x function keys 3 x tri colour LEDs for the function keys 5 4 KEYPAD The keypad consists of the following keys 4 arrow keys to na...

Страница 64: ...llation and commissioning It is not intended to be used for permanent SCADA communications This port supports the Courier communication protocol only Courier is a proprietary communication protocol to...

Страница 65: ...be ON at all times It goes OFF if the unit s self tests show there is an error in the hardware or software The state of the healthy LED is reflected by the watchdog contacts at the back of the unit 5...

Страница 66: ...Chapter 3 Hardware Design P24xM 42 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 67: ...CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE DESIGN...

Страница 68: ...Chapter 4 Software Design P24xM 44 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 69: ...tware design of the IED This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 45 Software Design Overview 46 System Level Software 47 Platform Software 49 Protection and Control Functions 50 P...

Страница 70: ...ystem Self diagnosticsoftware Control ofinterfacesto keypad LCD LEDs front rear ports Self checking maintenance records Hardware Device Layer LEDs LCD Keypad Memory FPGA Protection Task Programmable f...

Страница 71: ...ently out of service the Healthy LED stays OFF and watchdog contact stays ON If a problem is detected by the self monitoring functions the device attempts to store a maintenance record to allow the na...

Страница 72: ...is verified by a checksum The code and constant data held in system memory is checked against the corresponding data in Flash memory to check for data corruption The system memory containing all data...

Страница 73: ...either the system services or the protection software function See the Monitoring and Control chapter for further details on record logging 4 2 SETTINGS DATABASE The settings database contains all th...

Страница 74: ...requency is used to modify the sample rate being used by the input module in order to achieve a constant sample rate per cycle of the power waveform The value of the tracked frequency is also stored f...

Страница 75: ...the relay and the output contacts at the rear The execution of the PSL logic is event driven The logic is processed whenever any of its inputs change for example as a result of a change in one of the...

Страница 76: ...can be extracted using application software or the SCADA system which can also store the data in COMTRADE format allowing the use of other packages to view the recorded data For more information see...

Страница 77: ...CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION...

Страница 78: ...Chapter 5 Configuration P24xM 54 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 79: ...annot be carried out using settings applications software This chapter includes concise instructions of how to configure the device particularly with respect to the communications setup as well as a d...

Страница 80: ...When you launch the Settings Application Software you will be presented with a panel that allows you to invoke the Data Model Manager This will close the other aspects of the software in order to all...

Страница 81: ...icular column or changing values within a cell Left and right cursor keys To change default display change between column headings or changing values within a cell ENTER key For changing and executing...

Страница 82: ...Language Row 01 Subsequent rows Subsequent rows Vertical cursor keys move between setting rows Horizontal cursor keys move between values within a cell The Cancel key returns to column header Figure 1...

Страница 83: ...resent these must also be cleared before you can get into the default display menu options 3 3 DEFAULT DISPLAY The HMI contains a range of possible options that you can choose to be the default displa...

Страница 84: ...l display options available depend on the exact model Use the horizontal cursor keys to step through from one display to the next NERC compliant banner V00403 Access Level System Current Measurements...

Страница 85: ...sword 3 Press the Enter key to confirm the password If you enter an incorrect password an invalid password message is displayed then the display reverts to Enter password On entering a valid password...

Страница 86: ...rm reset prompt then press the Clear key again to clear all alarms 3 7 MENU STRUCTURE Settings commands records and measurements are stored in a local database inside the IED When using the Human Mach...

Страница 87: ...for a particular column header Therefore you should always refer to the product settings documentation and not make any assumptions 3 8 CHANGING THE SETTINGS 1 Starting at the default display press th...

Страница 88: ...LCD display These so called Hotkeys can be used to execute specified settings and commands directly The functions available for direct access using these keys are Setting group selection Control input...

Страница 89: ...e right cursor key twice to get to the first control input or the left cursor key to get to the last control input STP GP User02 Control Input 1 EXIT SET Now you can execute the chosen function Set Re...

Страница 90: ...vating or deactivating critical functions FUNCTION KEYS Fn Key 1 Unlocked The next cell down Fn Key 1 Mode allows you to set the function key to Normal or Toggled In the Toggle mode the function key D...

Страница 91: ...press duration of approximately 200 ms is required before the key press is recognised This feature avoids accidental double presses P24xM Chapter 5 Configuration P24xM TM EN 2 1 67...

Страница 92: ...61850 interfaces which uses the Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP are compensated to display the local time With Flexible a local time zone adjustment is defined using the LocalTime Offset setting Th...

Страница 93: ...using the Active Settings setting or with the hotkeys If you choose Select via PSL you set the settings group with DDB signals according to the following table SG Select 1X SG Select X1 Selected Sett...

Страница 94: ...Chapter 5 Configuration P24xM 70 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 95: ...CHAPTER 6 CURRENT PROTECTION FUNCTIONS...

Страница 96: ...Chapter 6 Current Protection Functions P24xM 72 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 97: ...on 74 Overcurrent Protection Principles 84 Phase Overcurrent Protection 94 Current Setting Threshold Selection 101 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection 102 Earth Fault Protection 109 Sensitive Ear...

Страница 98: ...f the true thermal characteristics of the machine However if a motor is considered to be a homogeneous body developing heat internally at a constant rate and dissipating heat at a rate directly propor...

Страница 99: ...thermore the thermal withstand capability of the motor is affected by heating in the winding prior to the fault The thermal replica is designed to take into account the extremes of zero pre fault curr...

Страница 100: ...t Some motors have extreme starting conditions such as a very long start time or a very high start current value During start up of these motors the thermal curve is inhibited to avoid false trips Not...

Страница 101: ...thermal capacity available is insufficient to allow restart an output contact programmed for the lockout function Thermal Lockout is energized which inhibits a restart When the motor has cooled down t...

Страница 102: ...d in the Time column can be in scientific format and the maximum time allowed by the tool is 1E 308 2 5 APPLICATION NOTES 2 5 1 THERMAL OVERLOAD SETTING GUIDELINES 2 5 1 1 THERMAL SETTING ITH The Ith...

Страница 103: ...where star delta starters are being utilized During normal running with the motor connected in delta the current in the motor winding is only 57 of that monitored by the relay However during starting...

Страница 104: ...ent to a temperature of 100 as far as the thermal replica is concerned The motor protection relay is normally set to trip when the temperature reaches 100 However a stator temperature of 100 does not...

Страница 105: ...signed to allow one start when it has previously been run at a stator temperature not exceeding its rating From cold the motor thermal replica characteristic is on its cold curve with the highest trip...

Страница 106: ...e thermal curve can be modified to overcome this problem Previously the relay had a dual time constant T1 and T2 characteristic for applications such as star delta starting In this example T2 was set...

Страница 107: ...rn the motor out this may be justified for the application 2 5 1 7 THERMAL ALARM The Thermal Alarm threshold is expressed as a percentage of the thermal state of the machine and is used to give an ala...

Страница 108: ...y some utilities but can often lead to excessive fault clearance times at or near source substations where the fault level is highest For these reasons the most commonly applied characteristic in co o...

Страница 109: ...eneral the relay cannot be set above this value but the current should decrease below the relay setting before the relay operates Very Inverse This type of characteristic is normally used to obtain gr...

Страница 110: ...ws the fuse to blow to clear the fault This characteristic is also widely used for protecting plant against overheating since overheating is usually an I2t function This characteristic curve can be de...

Страница 111: ...setting M is the ratio of the measured current divided by the threshold current I Is is a constant which can be chosen to satisfy the required curve characteristic is a constant which can be chosen t...

Страница 112: ...RI for the Operate characteristic DT Definite Time is always used for the Reset characteristic 3 1 3 NORTH AMERICAN STANDARDS The IEEE IDMT Operate equation is t TD M L C op 1 and the IEEE IDMT Reset...

Страница 113: ...858 CO2 US Short Time Inverse Reset 2 261 2 0 The constant values for the ANSI curves are as follows Curve Description b constant a constant L constant ANSI Normally Inverse Operate 8 9341 2 0938 0 17...

Страница 114: ...500 0 700 0 900 1 000 1 200 TMS TMS Figure 22 IEC standard and very inverse curves E00758 0 01 0 1 1 10 100 1000 0 5 5 50 Time in seconds CurrentinMultiplesofSetting IECExtremelyInverseCurve 0 025 0...

Страница 115: ...increase the operating time of the curves by the set value 3 1 6 PROGRAMMABLE CURVES As well as the standard curves as defined by various countries and standardising bodies it is possible to program...

Страница 116: ...as the type of curve The Time Multiplier Setting the IDMT constants the Definite Time delay etc In General Electric products there are usually several independent stages for each of the functions and...

Страница 117: ...ation where the timer hold facility may be used to reduce fault clearance times is for intermittent faults An example of this may occur in a plastic insulated cable In this application it is possible...

Страница 118: ...settings apply to all phases Stages 1 2 and 5 provide a choice of operate and reset characteristics where you can select between A range of IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time curves based on IEC and...

Страница 119: ...ases are combined to form a 3 phase Start signal The Start signals can be blocked by the Second Harmonic blocking function on a per phase basis single phase blocking or for all three phases at once th...

Страница 120: ...IED characteristic angle RCA setting The RCA is the angle by which the current applied to the IED must be displaced from the voltage applied to the IED to obtain maximum sensitivity There are two way...

Страница 121: ...ynchronous polarisation feature that stores the pre fault voltage information and continues to apply this to the directional overcurrent elements for a time period of 3 2 seconds This ensures that eit...

Страница 122: ...sists of a four stage non directional overcurrent element The first two stages have a time delayed characteristic that can be set as either Inverse Definite Minimum Time IDMT or Definite Time DT The t...

Страница 123: ...Typical PSL schemes to implement this algorithm are shown below V00778 Figure 29 OR logic V00779 Figure 30 AND logic P24xM Chapter 6 Current Protection Functions P24xM TM EN 2 1 99...

Страница 124: ...ing of less than 2 cycles duration is not realistic due to the fact that a minimum confirmation time equivalent to two cycle duration is required before tripping Note If the motor is controlled by a f...

Страница 125: ...ion selects the threshold setting according to the following diagram Start End V004002 Does a cold Load Pickup condition exist Yes Use the current threshold setting defined in the COLD LOAD PICKUP col...

Страница 126: ...rmer configuration Therefore a negative phase sequence overcurrent element may be used to provide time delayed back up protection for any uncleared asymmetrical faults downstream 6 1 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE...

Страница 127: ...be blocked by the timer block signal I2 1 Tmr Blk This diagram and description applies to each stage 6 3 DIRECTIONAL ELEMENT Where negative phase sequence current may flow in either direction directi...

Страница 128: ...selected as directional directional devices only a VTS Block option is available When the relevant bit is set to 1 operation of the Voltage Transformer Supervision VTS will block the stage When set t...

Страница 129: ...s 1 2 s R2 Negative Phase Sequence Equivalent Circuit P4972ENa E00774 Figure 35 Equivalent circuits With positive phase sequence voltages applied to the motor a rotating field is set up between the s...

Страница 130: ...sequence voltage in the supply would result in approximately 30 of negative sequence current The a c resistance of the rotor conductor to the induced negative sequence current is greater due to the hi...

Страница 131: ...cumstances the negative phase sequence component present in the current is equal to half the normal starting current value This is an extreme condition as this amount of negative phase sequence curren...

Страница 132: ...lting from loss of one phase during starting for a motor with a starting current to load current ratio of 6 to 1 Therefore set I2 2 Current Set 1 6 normal starting current or full load current The set...

Страница 133: ...cs for each EARTH FAULT column Stages 1 and 2 provide a choice of operate and reset characteristics where you can select between A range of IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time curves A range of User de...

Страница 134: ...ic can be set to block the Earth Fault trip after a prescribed number of shots set in AUTORECLOSE column This is achieved using the AR Blk Main Prot setting this can also be blocked by the relevant ti...

Страница 135: ...ion Residual Voltage zero sequence or Negative Sequence 7 4 1 RESIDUAL VOLTAGE POLARISATION With earth fault protection the polarising signal needs to be representative of the earth fault condition As...

Страница 136: ...lised with reference to the following diagram V00748 VN VN IN Figure 37 Directional angles Some of the models derive the Residual Voltage quantity internally from the 3 phase voltage input supplied fr...

Страница 137: ...al voltage polarisation may be not possible to achieve or at the very least problematic For example a suitable type of VT may be unavailable or an HV EHV parallel line application may present problems...

Страница 138: ...ll stages Other stages follow similar principles IN1 1 Char Angle IN1 1 Char Angle IN1 1 Trip Angle IN1 1 Trip Angle V2 V2 I2 I2 Figure 40 Directional Earth Fault logic with negative sequence polarisa...

Страница 139: ...ystem capacitance for example due to system configuration changes require changes to the coil reactance In practice perfect matching of the coil reactance to the system capacitance is difficult to ach...

Страница 140: ...istribution system earthed using a Petersen Coil with a phase to earth fault on phase C shown in the figure below V00632 IA1 IB1 IR1 jXC1 IH1 IA2 IB2 IR2 IL jXC2 jXL IH2 IA3 IB3 IC3 IF jXC3 IR3 IF IH3...

Страница 141: ...hey correspond to simple vector addition of IA1 and IB1 IA2 and IB2 IA3 and IB3 and they lag the residual voltage by exactly 90 The magnitude of the residual current IR1 is equal to three times the st...

Страница 142: ...fault detection function TEFD rather than a simple directional function since they are more sensitive For further information about TEFD refer to Transient Earth Fault Detection in the Current Protec...

Страница 143: ...e Care must be taken to ensure the relay does not operate from the spill current resulting from asymmetric CT saturation during starting To achieve stability under these conditions it is usual to inse...

Страница 144: ...by the use of insulated systems However it is vital that detection of the fault is achieved This is not possible through standard current operated earth fault protection One possibility for fault dete...

Страница 145: ...the relays on the healthy motor feeders see the unbalance in the charging currents for their own feeder The relay on the faulted feeder however sees the charging current from the rest of the system I...

Страница 146: ...ection If the polarizing voltage of this element Vres equal to 3Vo is shifted through 90 the residual current seen by the relay on the faulted feeder lies within the operate region of the directional...

Страница 147: ...overvoltages Resistance earthing can sometimes be advantageous in hazardous environments such as in mines since the earthing resistance reduces touch and step potentials during earth faults Setting gu...

Страница 148: ...ping characteristic 7 5 8 PETERSEN COIL EARTHED SYSTEMS Principle Power systems are usually earthed to limit transient overvoltages during arcing faults and to assist with detection and clearance of e...

Страница 149: ...nt earth faults caused by lightning strikes without the need for outages The figure below shows a source of generation earthed through a Petersen Coil with an earth fault applied on the A Phase Under...

Страница 150: ...bles V00633 Vres 3Vo IR1 IH1 Ia1 Ib1 Vres 3Vo IR3 IF IH3 IL IH1 IH2 IR3 IL IH1 IH2 a Capacitive and inductive currents C B A 3V0 IH3 IH2 IL IH1 IB1 IA1 N b Unfaulted line c Faulted line Figure 53 Theo...

Страница 151: ...hases Ih3 plus the fault current If The net unbalance is therefore equal to Il Ih1 Ih2 This situation is more readily observed by considering the zero sequence network for this fault condition This is...

Страница 152: ...ent IL to an angle less than 90 lagging The result of these slight shifts in angles can be seen in part b and c in the figure above The residual current now appears at an angle in excess of 90 from th...

Страница 153: ...with respect to the required RCA settings Stages 1 and 2 of the sensitive earth fault element of the P24xM relay are settable down to 0 2 of rated current and would fulfill the requirements of the fir...

Страница 154: ...perate characteristic ISEF n Reset Char for the overcurrent reset characteristic ISEF n Usr RstChar for the reset characteristic for user defined curves where n is the number of the stage Stages 1 and...

Страница 155: ...on 100A 1A CT Ratio Current Time Characteristic 1 ISEF 0 5A to 6 0A t 432 x TMS ISEF 0 655 secs 2 ISEF 6 0A to 200A t 800 x TMS ISEF secs 3 ISEF above 200A t 4 x TMS secs where TMS time multiplier set...

Страница 156: ...Restrain Zero torque line for 0 RCA Key Residual current on faulty feeder Residual current on healthy feeder Charging current from rest of system Current through earthed coil IR1 IR1 IR3 IR3 IH1 IH2...

Страница 157: ...threshold other than zero is selected a slight alteration is made to the angular boundaries of the directional characteristic Rather than being 90 from the RCA they are made slightly narrower at 85 Th...

Страница 158: ...TION column 8 4 3 DIRECTIONAL SEF LOGIC V04005 SEFOptions I2H Any Start ISEF Blocking 2H Blocks ISEF 1 Inhibit SEF ISEF 1 Current VTS Slow Block ISEF Blocking VTS Blks ISEF 1 ISEF VNpol Set Directiona...

Страница 159: ...possible to use a residual overvoltage device to achieve this but even with this method full discrimination is not possible Fully discriminative earth fault protection on this type of system can only...

Страница 160: ...pectively are in anti phase A directional element if available could therefore be used to provide discriminative earth fault protection If the polarising is shifted through 90 the residual current see...

Страница 161: ...box Cable gland Cable gland shealth earth connection Incorrect No operation Correct Operation SEF Figure 63 Positioning of core balance current transformers If the cable sheath is terminated at the c...

Страница 162: ...cable The principle of operation is identical for the 3 phase overcurrent protection and the first stages of Earth Fault overcurrent protection for both EF1 and EF2 CLP operation occurs when the circu...

Страница 163: ...52a 52b or 52a and 52b 9 3 APPLICATION NOTES 9 3 1 CLP FOR RESISTIVE LOADS A typical example of where CLP logic may be used is for resistive heating loads such as such as air conditioning systems Resi...

Страница 164: ...rth fault element under normal running conditions These settings could then be raised prior to motor starting by means of the logic 9 3 3 CLP FOR SWITCH ONTO FAULT CONDITIONS In some feeder applicatio...

Страница 165: ...d CLP Selective Logic takes precedence 10 2 SELECTIVE LOGIC DIAGRAM Selective Logic Selective Logic Enabled Enabled V04006 I 3 Timer Block I 3 Timer Block I 3 Start A I 3 Start A SELECTIVE LOGIC timer...

Страница 166: ...cts the settings according to the following flow diagram Start IsSelective Logicactive End Yes No V00652 Use the timer settingsdefined in the SELECTIVE LOGICcolumn Doesa cold Load Pickup condition exi...

Страница 167: ...ges in the General Electric IEDs allows additional time graded overcurrent protection for back up purposes 12 1 BLOCKED OVERCURRENT IMPLEMENTATION Blocked Overcurrent schemes are implemented using the...

Страница 168: ...t signal is derived from the logical OR of the phase overcurrent start outputs This output is then gated with the CB Fail Alarm DDB signal and the Remove IN Start setting 12 4 APPLICATION NOTES 12 4 1...

Страница 169: ...block Feeder start contact Current kA Time secs 10 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 10 0 0 01 0 08 100 0 Figure 70 Simple busbar blocking scheme characteristics For further guidance on the use of blocked busbar schemes...

Страница 170: ...waveform is rich in harmonics particularly the second whereas an internal fault current consists only of the fundamental We can thus develop a restraining method based on the harmonic content of the i...

Страница 171: ...of the fundamental component If this ratio exceeds the set thresholds then the blocking signal is generated The threshold is defined by the 2ndHarm Thresh setting We only want the function to block th...

Страница 172: ...iteria a change in the interrupting device position is detected along with the detection of a starting current of more than the starting current threshold 52A I Both criteria have to be present within...

Страница 173: ...for this function and the breaker must be closed 52A input high for the relay to operate if a locked rotor is detected The figure below shows the principle of this feature V00788 90 ms 0 Starting Curr...

Страница 174: ...Setting Prol Start Time Fixed 5s interval Scenario2 Due to trip in caseof Scenario2 Time Time Time Current Low V Detection Start Successful 0 0 0 1 1 t0 t1 At the time t1 when the timer is timed out a...

Страница 175: ...ay Reac Time The diagrams below show the relay behaviour under different conditions V00790 Stall Setting Starting Current Scenario1 Scenario2 Current 0 Due to trip in caseof Scenario 2 Time Time Start...

Страница 176: ...ing of controlled starts following interruptions When Auto Re start is enabled two time delay settings Reac Long Time and Reac Shed Time become available Automatic classical restart is carried out in...

Страница 177: ...igh V Detection Reac Long Time Reac Shed Time t2 t3 At the time t2 or t3 depending on the scenario 1 or 2 the motor is restarted Scenario 2 Reac Shed Time is set to other than 0 second Scenario 1 Reac...

Страница 178: ...ow High V Set threshold before Reac Shed Time timer has timed out where Reac Shed Time timer is set to a value other than zero for sequence start scheme Auto Re Start KO becomes asserted For default L...

Страница 179: ...the machine The motor does not have the added cooling normally provided by rotation therefore irreparable damage will result very quickly Where the stall withstand time is less than the starting time...

Страница 180: ...re the stall withstand time is less than the starting time it is possible to utilize a contact from a speed sensing device wired into a specified opto input Speed Input in conjunction with measurement...

Страница 181: ...etting may be 0 8 0 9 Vn 14 8 7 AUTO RE START AUTHORIZATION When enabled the Auto Restart feature is available to carry out automatic re starting of the motor on restoration of supply for cases when d...

Страница 182: ...52a status from the breaker Once the number of starts equals the user defined setting the start inhibit is enabled for the set period inhibit time Note If User Curve is enabled in the Thermal Overload...

Страница 183: ...hen the maximum number of starts in the Supervising Time is reached the Inhib Start Time is initiated The remaining time Supervising Time tn is shorter than the Inhib Start Time so the start inhibitio...

Страница 184: ...Inhib Start Time or as long as the counter of the number of starts is equal to the maximum allowed starts 15 1 TIME BETWEEN STARTS Immediately after a start there is a start inhibit as soon as the int...

Страница 185: ...lities This limitation is fully programmable Restarting the motor from a hot thermal state For certain applications do not allow the motor time to cool down to a specified thermal state before a re st...

Страница 186: ...the Anti backs delay setting as a delay If the VPhase Phase Remanent is connected When the remanent phase phase voltage drops under the threshold during the delay the signal Antibkspin Alarm is reset...

Страница 187: ...backspin function is used to detect when the rotor has stopped to allow re starting of the motor The operation of this function depends on the parameter VT connecting mode If this is set to Vremanent...

Страница 188: ...Chapter 6 Current Protection Functions P24xM 164 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 189: ...CHAPTER 7 RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION...

Страница 190: ...Chapter 7 Restricted Earth Fault Protection P24xM 166 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 191: ...this function including the principles of operation logic diagrams and applications This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 167 REF Protection Principles 168 Restricted Earth Fa...

Страница 192: ...current Under normal operating conditions the currents of the three phases add up to zero resulting in zero spill current A fault on the star side will also not result in a spill current as the fault...

Страница 193: ...ratio mismatch compensation It can match CT ratios up to 1 40 resulting flexibility in substation design and reduced cost Advanced algorithms make the protection secure With High Impedance REF there i...

Страница 194: ...the operate current further increases linearly with bias current but at a higher rate The second slope provides stability under through fault conditions Note In Restricted Earth Fault applications Bi...

Страница 195: ...than the setting therefore maintaining stability during external faults Voltage across REF element Vs IF RCT2 RL3 RL4 Stabilising resistor RST Vs Is RR where IF maximum secondary through fault curren...

Страница 196: ...The current required to trip the differential IED is called the Operate current This Operate current is a function of the differential current and the bias current according to the bias characteristi...

Страница 197: ...high impedance REF protection The appropriate logic must be configured in PSL to block the high impedance REF when any of the above signals is asserted 3 3 1 HIGH IMPEDANCE REF CALCULATION PRINCIPLES...

Страница 198: ...L the resistance of the lead from the CT to the IED Note The above formula assumes negligible relay burden We recommend a stabilizing resistor which is continuously adjustable up to its maximum declar...

Страница 199: ...quate stability for external faults the second bias slope setting IREF ks should be set to 150 The above settings can be increased where low accuracy class CTs are used to supply protection 4 1 2 LOW...

Страница 200: ...EF Options setting should be set to Hi Z REF High Impedance REF protection To protect as much of the machine winding as possible the differential current setting IREF Is should be set to a low setting...

Страница 201: ...CHAPTER 8 CB FAIL PROTECTION...

Страница 202: ...Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection P24xM 178 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 203: ...his chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 179 Circuit Breaker Fail Protection 180 Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation 181 Circuit Breaker Fail Logic 183 Undercurrent and ZCD Logic f...

Страница 204: ...ons it is common practice to install Circuit Breaker Failure protection CBF CBF protection monitors the circuit breaker and establishes whether it has opened within a reasonable time If the fault curr...

Страница 205: ...also been reset The resetting mechanism is determined by the settings Volt Prot Reset and Ext Prot Reset The resetting options are summarised in the following table Initiation Menu Selectable CB Fail...

Страница 206: ...er the circuit breaker in the primary system has opened ensuring that the only current flowing in the AC secondary circuit is the subsidence current Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection P24xM 182 P24xM TM EN...

Страница 207: ...Ext Prot Reset I Only I Only CB Open I CB Open I Prot Reset I Prot Reset I All Poles Dead All Poles Dead ZCD IA ZCD IC ZCD IB ZCD IN ZCD IN ZCD ISEF CBF3PhStart CB Fail Alarm CB Fail Alarm 1 1 1 IN S...

Страница 208: ...C Start IC Start Ext Prot Reset Ext Prot Reset I Only I Only CB Open I CB Open I Prot Reset I Prot Reset I Pole Dead C Pole Dead C External Trip C External Trip C ZCD IC CB Fail Alarm CB Fail Alarm 1...

Страница 209: ...t I Current Set IC Start IN Current Set IN Start ISEF Current ISEF Start ZCD IA ZCD IB ZCD IC ZCD IN ZCD ISEF Zero Crossing Detection IA IB IC IN ISEF IA IB IC IN ISEF Figure 93 Undercurrent and Zero...

Страница 210: ...TION LOGIC 1 ISEF 1 Trip V02002 ISEF 2 Trip ISEF 3 Trip ISEF 4 Trip CBF SEF Trip 1 CBF SEF Trip CBF SEF Trip 1 Trip Command In Figure 94 CB Fail SEF Protection Logic Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection P24xM...

Страница 211: ...f t Trp Stg4 f df dt Trp Stg4 df dt t Trp Stg4 f Df Dt Trp Stg5 f t Trp Stg5 f df dt Trp Stg5 df dt t Trp Stg5 f Df Dt Trp Stg6 f t Trp Stg6 f df dt Trp Stg6 df dt t Trp Stg6 f Df Dt Trp Stg7 f t Trp...

Страница 212: ...8 CIRCUIT BREAKER MAPPING CB Closed 3 ph CB in Service V02026 Figure 96 Circuit Breaker mapping Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection P24xM 188 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 213: ...gives a reliable reset method if the protected circuit would always have load current flowing In this case detecting drop off of the initiating protection element might be a more reliable method Where...

Страница 214: ...50 50 10 50 160 ms CB open CB auxiliary contacts opening closing time max error in tBF timer safety margin 50 10 50 110 ms Undercurrent elements CB interrupting time undercurrent element max safety ma...

Страница 215: ...CHAPTER 9 CURRENT TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS...

Страница 216: ...Chapter 9 Current Transformer Requirements P24xM 192 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 217: ...1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 193 CT requirements 194 P24xM Chapter 9 Current Transformer Requirements P24xM TM EN 2 1 193...

Страница 218: ...e formula subscripts used in the subsequent sections are as follows VK Required CT knee point voltage volts f Maximum through fault current level amps motor starting current n Rated secondary current...

Страница 219: ...I R R R Rn K fn CT L p 2 2 2 2 2 NON DIRECTIONAL ELEMENTS Time delayed earth fault overcurrent elements V I R R R R K cn CT L p n 2 2 Instantaneous earth fault overcurrent elements V I R R R R K sn C...

Страница 220: ...0 of rated current and less than 150 minutes at 1 of rated current 2 4 2 NON DIRECTIONAL ELEMENTS Time delayed element V I R R Rn K cn CT L 2 2 Instantaneous element V I R R Rn K sn CT L 2 Note Ensure...

Страница 221: ...that would be produced for an internal fault if current transformer saturation did not occur Vp 2 2VK VF VK Vf I f RCT 2RL RST where Vp Peak voltage developed by the CT under internal fault condition...

Страница 222: ...rms At the maximum secondary internal fault current the Metrosil should limit the voltage to 1500 V rms if possible The Metrosil units normally recommended for use with 1Amp CTs are as shown in the fo...

Страница 223: ...be acceptable contact General Electric for detailed applications Note The Metrosils recommended for use with 5 Amp CTs can also be used with triple pole devices and consist of three single pole units...

Страница 224: ...Chapter 9 Current Transformer Requirements P24xM 200 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 225: ...CHAPTER 10 VOLTAGE PROTECTION FUNCTIONS...

Страница 226: ...Chapter 10 Voltage Protection Functions P24xM 202 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 227: ...This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 203 Undervoltage Protection 204 Overvoltage Protection 207 Residual Overvoltage Protection 210 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection 2...

Страница 228: ...ed This can be achieved by a three phase undervoltage element Where outgoing feeders from a busbar are supplying induction motor loads excessive dips in the supply may cause the connected motors to st...

Страница 229: ...ge there are three Phase undervoltage detection modules one for each phase The three Start signals from each of these phases are OR d together to create a 3 phase Start signal V n Start which can be b...

Страница 230: ...nd a small voltage depression for longer than if a major voltage excursion occurs Therefore two stages can be used one with a higher setting and a longer time delay and vice versa for the second stage...

Страница 231: ...rvoltage protection with independent time delay characteristics Stages 1 and 3 provide a choice of operate characteristics where you can select between An IDMT characteristic A range of user defined c...

Страница 232: ...Fast Block signal This start signal is applied to the timer module to produce the Trip signal which can be blocked by the overvoltage timer block signal V n Timer Block For each stage there are three...

Страница 233: ...lay according to the severity of the overvoltage As the voltage settings for both of the stages are independent the second stage could then be set lower than the first to provide a time delayed alarm...

Страница 234: ...In such applications an alarm is generated soon after the condition is detected which serves to indicate the presence of an earth fault on the system This gives time for system operators to locate and...

Страница 235: ...en this happens the comparator output produces a Start signal VN n Start which signifies the Start of protection This can be blocked by a VTS Fast block signal This Start signal is applied to the time...

Страница 236: ...hind the protection to the line impedance in front of the protection up to the point of fault For a remote fault far away the ZS ZL ratio will be small resulting in a correspondingly small residual vo...

Страница 237: ...t the residual voltage generated by an earth fault on an insulated system will be the highest possible value 3 x phase neutral voltage as the zero sequence source impedance is infinite 4 3 3 SETTING G...

Страница 238: ...SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE LOGIC V2 1 Voltage Set V2 1 Trip V00818 V2 1 Start V2 1 Accelerate VTS Fast Block Start Counter DT V2 Note This diagram does not show all stages Other stages follow similar princ...

Страница 239: ...played in the V2 Magnitude cell of the MEASUREMENTS 1 column The operation time of the element depends on the application but a typical setting would be in the region of 5 seconds P24xM Chapter 10 Vol...

Страница 240: ...rmula t K M 1 where K Time multiplier setting t Operating time in seconds M Measured voltage IED setting voltage There is no Timer Hold facility for Undervoltage Stage 2 can have definite time charact...

Страница 241: ...1 where K Time multiplier setting t Operating time in seconds M Measured voltage IED setting voltage There is no Timer Hold facility for Positive Sequence Overvoltage Stage 2 can have definite time c...

Страница 242: ...RMS average voltage VC Mov Average C phase RMS average voltage V0 Mov Average Zero Sequence average voltage magnitude V1 Mov Average Positive Sequence average voltage magnitude V2 Mov Average Negative...

Страница 243: ...lt Set Vavg 1 Status Vavg 1 StrtTime Vavg 1 TripTime Vavg 1 Trip C Vavg 1 Start C VA Mov Average VB Mov Average VC Mov Average VTS Fast Block V Blocking 1 Enabled Figure 107 Moving Average overvoltage...

Страница 244: ...g 1 TripTime V2avg 1 Trip V2avg 1 Start V2avg 1 StrtTime VTS Fast Block V Blocking 1 Enabled Figure 110 Moving Average negative sequence voltage logic 8 6 MOVING AVERAGE UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING PSL The...

Страница 245: ...CHAPTER 11 FREQUENCY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS...

Страница 246: ...Chapter 11 Frequency Protection Functions P24xM 222 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 247: ...and applications This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 223 Frequency Protection Overview 224 Underfrequency Protection 225 Overfrequency Protection 227 Independent R O C O F Pr...

Страница 248: ...evere disturbances the frequency of the system oscillates as various generators try to synchronise to a common frequency The measurement of instantaneous rate of change of frequency can be misleading...

Страница 249: ...requency pickup setting Stg n f t Time sets the time delay 3 2 UNDERFREQUENCY PROTECTION LOGIC Stg 1 f t Status Stg1 f t Trp Stage 1 V00850 Freq DT Stg1 f t Sta Enabled Under Stg 1 f t Freq Adv Freq I...

Страница 250: ...Element Frequency Setting Hz Time Setting Sec 1 Stage 1 f t 49 0 20 s 2 Stage 2 f t 48 6 20 s 3 Stage 3 f t 48 2 10 s 4 Stage 4 f t 47 8 10 s The relatively long time delays are intended to provide su...

Страница 251: ...Status Enabled UV Block 1 Note This diagram does not show all stages Other stages follow similar principles Figure 113 Overfrequency logic single stage If the frequency is above the setting and not bl...

Страница 252: ...change of frequency protection elements In the system shown below the generation in the MV bus is sized according to the loads on that bus whereas the generators linked to the HV bus produce energy f...

Страница 253: ...ncy threshold is set above or below the system nominal frequency For example if the frequency threshold is set above nominal frequency the rate of change of frequency setting is considered as positive...

Страница 254: ...df dt 81RF Elements Stage Frequency Setting Hz Time Setting Sec Frequency Setting Hz Rate of Change of Frequency Setting Hz Sec 1 49 20 49 2 1 0 2 48 6 20 48 8 1 0 3 48 2 10 48 4 1 0 4 47 8 10 48 0 1...

Страница 255: ...quency For example if the frequency threshold is set above nominal frequency the rate of change of frequency setting is considered as positive and the element will operate for rising frequency conditi...

Страница 256: ...CY SUPERVISED R O C O F EXAMPLE In the load shedding scheme below we assume that for falling frequency conditions the system can be stabilised at frequency f2 by shedding a stage of load For slow rate...

Страница 257: ...2 1 0 4 47 8 10 47 8 1 0 It may be possible to further improve the speed of load shedding by changing the frequency setting on the f df dt element In the settings outlined below the frequency settings...

Страница 258: ...ependent stages of average rate of change of frequency protection Each stage can respond to either rising or falling frequency conditions This depends on whether the frequency threshold is set above o...

Страница 259: ...Freq Low 1 Frequency comparision f Df Dt 1 Dtime Note This diagram does not show all stages Other stages follow similar principles Figure 119 Average rate of change of frequency logic single stage 7...

Страница 260: ...heme can be improved by increasing the independent f setting Depending on how much this value is increased the frequency at which the f Df Dt element will trip also increases and so reduces the time d...

Страница 261: ...CHAPTER 12 POWER PROTECTION FUNCTIONS...

Страница 262: ...Chapter 12 Power Protection Functions P24xM 238 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 263: ...nverse flow of energy and to ensure that the motor does not feed the fault which has appeared on the network This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 239 Reverse Power Protection...

Страница 264: ...DB signals can also be programmed to be viewed in COMMISSION TESTS Monitor Bit x This feature is only enabled when the circuit breaker is closed therefore it requires a 52a circuit breaker auxiliary c...

Страница 265: ...CHAPTER 13 MONITORING AND CONTROL...

Страница 266: ...Chapter 13 Monitoring and Control P24xM 242 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 267: ...ity This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 243 Event Records 244 Disturbance Recorder 252 Measurements 253 CB Condition Monitoring 256 CB State Monitoring 258 Circuit Breaker Co...

Страница 268: ...t Text cell You can expand the details of the event by clicking on the icon to the left of the time stamp The following table shows the correlation between the fields in the setting application softwa...

Страница 269: ...reated which logs the logic states of all output relays You can tell which output relay has changed state by comparing the new event with the previous one The description of this event type as shown i...

Страница 270: ...OFF Bit 16 0x0001 0x0000 Man CB Trip Fail ON OFF Bit17 0x0002 0x0000 Man CB Cls Fail ON OFF Bit 18 0x0004 0x0000 Man CB Unhealthy ON OFF Bit 19 0x0008 0x0000 Unused Bit 20 0x0010 0x0000 Unused Bit 21...

Страница 271: ...00 User Alarm 22 Bit 20 0x0008 0x0000 User Alarm 23 Bit 21 0x0010 0x0000 User Alarm 24 Bit 22 0x0020 0x0000 User Alarm 25 Bit 23 0x0040 0x0000 User Alarm 26 Bit 24 0x0080 0x0000 User Alarm 27 Bit 25 0...

Страница 272: ...it 22 0x00200000 Unused Bit 23 0x00400000 Unused Bit 24 0x00800000 Unused Bit 25 0x01000000 Unused Bit 26 0x02000000 Unused Bit 27 0x04000000 Unused Bit 28 0x08000000 Unused Bit 29 0x10000000 Unused B...

Страница 273: ...t 6 0x0000 0x0020 User Alarm 6 Bit 7 0x0000 0x0040 User Alarm 7 Bit 8 0x0000 0x0080 User Alarm 8 Bit 9 0x0000 0x0100 User Alarm 9 Bit 10 0x0000 0x0200 User Alarm 10 Bit 11 0x0000 0x0400 User Alarm 11...

Страница 274: ...is triggered by the Fault REC TRIG signal DDB which is assigned in the PSL The fault recorder records the values of all parameters associated with the fault for the duration of the fault These paramet...

Страница 275: ...event selected with the Select Maint cell 2 1 7 PROTECTION EVENTS The IED logs protection starts and trips as individual events Protection events are special types of standard events The event type de...

Страница 276: ...tion cells The Duration cell sets the overall recording time and the Trigger Position cell sets the trigger point as a percentage of the duration For example the default settings show that the overall...

Страница 277: ...ASUREMENTS 1 column 4 1 2 MEASURED AND CALCULATED VOLTAGES The device measures phase to phase and phase to neutral voltage values The values are produced by sampling the analogue input quantities conv...

Страница 278: ...h the displayed values being updated at the end of each of the sub periods according to the Roll Sub Period setting in the MEASURE T SETUP column Peak demand values are produced for each phase current...

Страница 279: ...urately to an external clock source such as an IRIG B signal or a master clock signal provided in the relevant data protocol For both the filtered and unfiltered opto inputs the time stamp of an opto...

Страница 280: ...depending on the circuit breaker Most circuit breakers would have this value set to 2 but for some types of circuit breaker especially those operating on higher voltage systems a value of 2 may be too...

Страница 281: ...EXCESSSIVE FAULT FREQUENCY Persistent faults will generally cause autoreclose lockout with subsequent maintenance attention Intermittent faults such as clashing vegetation may repeat outside of any r...

Страница 282: ...xist an alarm will be issued after a 5 s time delay An output contact can be assigned to this function via the programmable scheme logic PSL The time delay is set to avoid unwanted operation during no...

Страница 283: ...CB Status Input 52A None X1 Both 52A and 52B 52B Plant Status CB1 Open CB1 Closed X1 1 1 1 CB Closed 3 ph CB Aux 3ph 52 B CB Status Alarm CB Open 3 ph 5s 0s Figure 121 CB State Monitoring logic P24xM...

Страница 284: ...ose cycle before the pulse has elapsed If an attempt to close the breaker is being made and a protection trip signal is generated the protection trip command overrides the close command The Reset Lock...

Страница 285: ...he option to cancel or restart the close procedure The time delay is determined by the Man Close Delay setting in the CB CONTROL menu When the command has been executed a screen confirming the present...

Страница 286: ...ntrol operations It is possible to connect such push buttons and signals to opto inputs and map these to the relevant DDB signals For this to work you have to set the CB control by cell to option 4 op...

Страница 287: ...if required This facility accepts an input to one of the opto inputs to indicate that the breaker is capable of closing e g that it is fully charged A time delay can be set with the setting CB Healthy...

Страница 288: ...Close pulse Control Close Pulsed output latched in HMI Close in Prog Delayed control close time S R Q S R Q Man CB Trip Fail Control Trip Enable opto initiated CB trip and close Reset Close Dly 1 1 E...

Страница 289: ...VC Figure 126 Pole Dead logic If both the line current and voltage fall below certain thresholds the device will initiate a Pole Dead condition The undervoltage V and undercurrent I thresholds are har...

Страница 290: ...sabled the SYSTEM CHECKS menu becomes invisible and a SysChks Inactive DDB signal is set 9 1 1 VT CONNECTIONS The device provides inputs for a three phase Main VT for detecting Live line dead line con...

Страница 291: ...ence the device settings refer to the auxiliary contacts as 52A and 52B even though they are not circuit breakers There are eight sets of settings in the SWITCH CONTROL column which allow you to set u...

Страница 292: ...ns that have taken place It is an accumulator which you can reset using the Reset SWI1 Data setting Reset SWI1 Data This setting resets the switch monitoring data Note Settings for switch 1 are shown...

Страница 293: ...WI1 Control Cls SWI1 Control Cls SWI1 Trp PulsT SWI1 Trp PulsT SWI1 Cls Puls T SWI1 Cls Puls T 1 SWI1 Input Alm SWI1 Input Alm SWI1 Status Opn SWI1 Status Opn SWI1 Status Cls SWI1 Status Cls t t 0 0 S...

Страница 294: ...Chapter 13 Monitoring and Control P24xM 270 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 295: ...CHAPTER 14 SUPERVISION...

Страница 296: ...Chapter 14 Supervision P24xM 272 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 297: ...ison functions This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 273 DC Supply Monitor 274 Voltage Transformer Supervision 276 Current Transformer Supervision 280 Trip Circuit Supervision...

Страница 298: ...one 3 This allows you to have multiple monitoring criteria Each zone must be configured to correspond to either an overvoltage condition or an undervoltage condition A single zone cannot be configured...

Страница 299: ...althy zone and a Start signal is generated The Vdc n Trip signals from all stages are OR d together to produce an alarm signal DC Supply Fail Note The device s supercapacitor uses Vdc to provide charg...

Страница 300: ...aloperation The use of negative sequence quantities ensures correct operation even where three limb or V connected VTs are used 3 2 LOSS OF ALL THREE PHASE VOLTAGES If all three voltage inputs are los...

Страница 301: ...the phase voltage detectors pick up VTS Reset Mode determines whether the Reset is to be manual or automatic VTS Time delay determines the operating time delay VTS I Inhibit inhibits VTS operation in...

Страница 302: ...s Indication Blocking VTS Acc Ind 1 1 S R Q 1 S R Q 1 VTS Slow Block VTS Fast Block VT Fail Alarm 1 1 S R Q 1 IA IB IC VA VB VC Delta IA Delta IB Delta IC V2 I2 Figure 132 VTS logic As can be seen fro...

Страница 303: ...3 6 VTS ACCELERATION INDICATION LOGIC Trip Command In V02001 VTS Acc Ind Figure 133 VTS Acceleration Indication Logic P24xM Chapter 14 Supervision P24xM TM EN 2 1 279...

Страница 304: ...be able to refer zero sequence voltages from the primary to the secondary side Therefore this element should only be enabled where the VT is of a five limb construction or comprises three single phase...

Страница 305: ...ample CTS VN Inhibit should be set to 120 of the maximum steady state residual voltage CTS IN Set will typically be set below minimum load current CTS Time Delay is generally set to 5 seconds Where th...

Страница 306: ...s not support CB status monitoring If you require CB status monitoring further opto inputs must be used Note A 52a CB auxiliary contact follows the CB position A 52b auxiliary contact is the opposite...

Страница 307: ...uits or during normal tripping operation when the opto input is shorted by a self reset trip contact When the timer is operated the NC normally closed output relay opens and the LED and user alarms ar...

Страница 308: ...able below shows the appropriate resistor value and voltage setting for this scheme Trip Circuit Voltage Resistor R1 and R2 24 27 620 Ohms at 2 Watts 30 34 820 Ohms at 2 Watts 48 54 1 2 kOhms at 5 Wat...

Страница 309: ...refore providing pre closing supervision 5 3 1 RESISTOR VALUES As with TCS schemes 1 and 2 resistors R1 and R2 are used to prevent false tripping if the opto input is accidentally shorted However unli...

Страница 310: ...upervision When the CB is in a closed state the current flows through R1 Opto A Contact 52A and the trip coil b Pre close Supervision When the CB is in an open state the current flows through R1 Opto...

Страница 311: ...t extensive testing and we recommended the following resistors values Trip Circuit Voltage Resistor R1 and R2 ohms 24 27 620 Ohms at 2 Watts 30 34 820 Ohms at 2 Watts 48 54 1 2 kOhms at 5 Watts 110 12...

Страница 312: ...Chapter 14 Supervision P24xM 288 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 313: ...CHAPTER 15 DIGITAL I O AND PSL CONFIGURATION...

Страница 314: ...Chapter 15 Digital I O and PSL Configuration P24xM 290 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 315: ...document is available that gives a comprehensive description of the PSL but enough information is provided in this chapter to allow you to allocate the principal digital inputs and outputs This chapte...

Страница 316: ...gnals such as a drop off delay for an output contact In this product digital inputs and outputs that are configurable are Optically isolated digital inputs opto inputs These can be used to monitor the...

Страница 317: ...s you do not need to take any action However if you want to change the input output mappings or to implement custom scheme logic you can change these or create new PSL schemes using the PSL editor The...

Страница 318: ...g PSL file or create a new one for the particular product that you are using and then open a PSL file If you want to create a new PSL file you should select File then New then Blank scheme This action...

Страница 319: ...nal voltage This feature is found by right clicking on Device then selecting Supervise Device Auto setup of Opto Voltage This automatic detection only works for DC inputs Within the OPTO CONFIG column...

Страница 320: ...ion it according to your needs The output of the conditioner respects the attributes you have assigned The toolbar button for a Contact Conditioner looks like this The PSL contribution that it deliver...

Страница 321: ...in the hardware or software The state of the healthy LED is reflected by the watchdog contacts at the back of the unit 6 1 TRIP LED LOGIC When a trip occurs the trip LED is illuminated It is possible...

Страница 322: ...is latched pending user intervention To map an LED in the PSL you should use the LED Conditioner button in the toolbar to import it You then condition it according to your needs The output s of the c...

Страница 323: ...wever the actual number of LEDs depends on the device hardware For example if a small 20TE device has only 4 programmable LEDs LEDs 5 8 will not take effect even if they are mapped in the PSL P24xM Ch...

Страница 324: ...n keys that are set to Toggled mode and their DDB signal active high to be locked in their active state therefore preventing any further key presses from deactivating the associated function Locking a...

Страница 325: ...d to trigger any PSL function to which they are connected There are three setting columns associated with the control inputs CONTROL INPUTS CTRL I P CONFIG and CTRL I P LABELS These are listed in the...

Страница 326: ...nd outputs This facility allows you to map many PSL input signals to a single Inter PSL output signal many PSL output signals to a single Inter PSL input signal and to join the Inter PSL input signal...

Страница 327: ...CHAPTER 16 COMMUNICATIONS...

Страница 328: ...Chapter 16 Communications P24xM 304 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 329: ...Intelligent Electronic Devices for the substation IEDs As standard all products support rugged serial communications for SCADA and SAS applications By option any product can support Ethernet communic...

Страница 330: ...0870 5 103 DNP3 0 Rear serial port 2 order option Optional RS485 SCADA Remote settings IRIG B Courier Rear Ethernet port Optional Ethernet copper SCADA Remote settings Courier DNP3 0 over Ethernet IEC...

Страница 331: ...each end with 120 0 5 W terminating resistors between the signal wires The RS485 standard requires that each device be directly connected to the actual bus Stubs and tees are forbidden Loop bus and St...

Страница 332: ...3 3 K BUS K Bus is a robust signalling method based on RS485 voltage levels K Bus incorporates message framing based on a 64 kbps synchronous HDLC protocol with FM0 modulation to increase speed and s...

Страница 333: ...emote communication using K Bus Note An RS232 USB converter is only needed if the local computer does not provide an RS232 port Further information about K Bus is available in the publication R6509 K...

Страница 334: ...The fibre optic port provides 100 Mbps communication and uses type LC connectors The device can also be connected to either a 10Base T or a 100Base TX Ethernet hub or switch using the RJ45 port The po...

Страница 335: ...s are available PRP Parallel Redundancy Protocol HSR High availability Seamless Redundancy PRP and HSR are open standards so their implementation is compatible with any standard PRP or HSR device resp...

Страница 336: ...ets the most demanding needs of substation automation HSR has become the reference standard for ring topology networks in the substation environment The HSR implementation of the redundancy Ethernet b...

Страница 337: ...icast or broadcast frames because both duplicate frames A B circulate the full ring 5 3 2 HSR UNICAST TOPOLOGY With unicast frames there is just one destination and the frames are sent to that destina...

Страница 338: ...ngly Attached Nodes D frame Destination V01031 Figure 149 HSR unicast topology For unicast frames the whole bandwidth is available as both frames A B stop at the destination node 5 3 3 HSR APPLICATION...

Страница 339: ...on with redundant ports managed by RSTP blocking function Ring connection managed by RST P blocking function on upper switches and IEDs interconnected directly Figure 151 IED attached to redundant Eth...

Страница 340: ...onfiguration requirements There is just one IP address for the device which can be configured using the IEC61850 configurator as for a standard Ethernet device The IED configurator will automatically...

Страница 341: ...ficient further publications R6511 and R6512 containing in depth details about the protocol and its use are available on request Courier is an General Electric proprietary communication protocol Couri...

Страница 342: ...ng change fails an error response is returned 3 Abort Setting This command can be used to abandon the setting change This is the most secure method It is ideally suited to on line editors because the...

Страница 343: ...most recent fault and 4 is the oldest The column then contains the details of the fault record selected Maintenance Record Selection Select Maint cell 01F0 This cell can be used to select a maintenan...

Страница 344: ...oaded Version cell B20C Used on a download to check the compatibility of the file to be downloaded Transfer Mode cell B21C Used to set up the transfer process Data Transfer cell B120 Used to perform u...

Страница 345: ...MUNICATIONS RP1 Address 100 5 Move down to the next cell RP1 InactivTimer This cell controls the inactivity timer The inactivity timer controls how long the IED waits without receiving any messages on...

Страница 346: ...ection describes how the IEC 60870 5 103 standard is applied to the Px40 platform It is not a description of the standard itself The level at which this section is written assumes that the reader is a...

Страница 347: ...le to set the device time using the IEC 60870 5 103 interface An attempt to set the time via the interface will cause the device to create an event with the current date and time taken from the IRIG B...

Страница 348: ...is set to Visible 2 Select the COMMUNICATIONS column 3 Move to the first cell down RP1 protocol This is a non settable cell which shows the chosen communication protocol in this case IEC 60870 5 103 C...

Страница 349: ...master station 6 3 DNP 3 0 This section describes how the DNP 3 0 standard is applied in the product It is not a description of the standard itself The level at which this section is written assumes t...

Страница 350: ...PUTS Object 10 binary outputs contains commands that can be operated using DNP 3 0 Therefore the points accept commands of type pulse on null trip close and latch on off as detailed in the device prof...

Страница 351: ...0 analogue inputs contains information from the IED s measurements columns in the menu All object 30 points can be reported as 16 or 32 bit integer values with flag 16 or 32 bit integer values without...

Страница 352: ...interoperability guide This table in combination with the subsequent Implementation and Points List tables should provide a complete interoperability configuration guide for the device DNP 3 0 Device...

Страница 353: ...Event Scan Period Fixed at 0 5s Frozen Counter Change Event Scan Period Fixed at 1s Maximum Delay Measurement Error 2 5 ms Time Base Drift Over a 10 minute Interval 7 ms Sends Executes Control Operat...

Страница 354: ...stop no range or all limited qty index 129 response 00 01 17 28 start stop index see note 2 2 0 Binary Input Change Any Variation 1 read 06 07 08 no range or all limited qty 2 1 Binary Input Change wi...

Страница 355: ...stop 17 28 index see note 1 21 9 default see note 1 32 Bit Frozen Counter without Flag 1 read 00 01 06 07 08 17 27 28 start stop no range or all limited qty index 129 response 00 01 17 28 start stop i...

Страница 356: ...ndex 32 3 32 Bit Analog Change Event with Time 1 read 06 07 08 no range or all limited qty 129 response 17 28 index 32 4 16 Bit Analog Change Event with Time 1 read 06 07 08 no range or all limited qt...

Страница 357: ...echo of request 50 1 default see note 1 Time and Date 1 read 07 limited qty 1 129 response 07 limited qty 1 2 write 07 limited qty 1 60 0 Not defined 60 1 Class 0 Data 1 read 06 no range or all 60 2...

Страница 358: ...a is ready to be sent to the master The master station should request this class data from the relay when this bit is set in a response Yes 2 Class 2 data available Set when data that has been configu...

Страница 359: ...the original request The complete list of codes appears in the following table Code Number Identifier Name Description 0 Success The received request has been accepted initiated or queued 1 Timeout T...

Страница 360: ...the master station COMMUNICATIONS RP1 Baud rate 9600 bits s 6 Move down to the next cell RP1 Parity This cell controls the parity format used in the data frames The parity can be set to be one of None...

Страница 361: ...ck of the manual Note We advise you not to enable Unsolicited Reporting on a serial multi drop line This is due the fact that collisions may result from multiple IEDs reporting concurrent events If Un...

Страница 362: ...onse will be returned Note If the start address is correct but the range includes non implemented addresses this response is not produced 03 Illegal Value A value referenced in the data field transmit...

Страница 363: ...be read from the registers specified below Once the data has been read the event record can be marked as having been read by writing a value of 2 to register 40400 6 4 5 2 MANUAL EVENT RECORD EXTRACTI...

Страница 364: ...reset the device indications which has the same effect on the relay as pressing the clear key within the alarm viewer using the HMI panel menu 6 4 6 DISTURBANCE RECORD EXTRACTION The IED provides faci...

Страница 365: ...format This is reserved for future use Note Register addresses are provided in reference code address format E g 4x00001 is reference code 4x address 1 which is specified as function code 03 address 0...

Страница 366: ...e stamp from registers 3x00930 3x00933 End Extract disturbance data Yes No V01003 Figure 153 Manual selection of a disturbance record 6 4 6 2 AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION PROCEDURE There are two methods that...

Страница 367: ...ister 4x00400 Extract disturbance data Yes No Error Figure 154 Automatic selection of disturbance record method 1 Method 2 Method 2 is more complex to implement but is more efficient at extracting lar...

Страница 368: ...es No FirstTime True FirstTime True Is FirstTime True Yes No FirstTime True FirstTime False Error Figure 155 Automatic selection of disturbance record method 2 6 4 6 3 EXTRACTING THE DISTURBANCE DATA...

Страница 369: ...der the data were received Configuration complete Read DR status value from register 3x00934 Check DR status for error conditions or Busy status What is the value of DR status Busy To parent procedure...

Страница 370: ...TRADE files an error may occur which will be reported on the DR Status register 3x00934 In this case you must take action to re start the record extraction or to abort according to the table below Val...

Страница 371: ...0002 and 4x20000 to 4x20003 Setting to change password level 1 4 character 4x00023 to 4x00024 Setting to change password level 1 8 character 4x20008 to 4x20011 Setting to change password level 2 4x200...

Страница 372: ...12 starting from January Y year of the century 0 to 99 R reserved 0 SU summertime 0 GMT 1 summertime IV invalid 0 invalid value 1 valid value Since the range of the data type is only 100 years the ce...

Страница 373: ...hould take this limitation into consideration for the energy measurements as the G29 value will saturate a long time before the equivalent G125 does The associated G27 multiplier is calculated as G27...

Страница 374: ...ONFIGURATION column and check that the Comms settings cell is set to Visible 2 Select the COMMUNICATIONS column 3 Move to the first cell down RP1 protocol This is a non settable cell which shows the c...

Страница 375: ...cribes how the IEC 61850 standard is applied to General Electric products It is not a description of the standard itself The level at which this section is written assumes that the reader is already f...

Страница 376: ...ology is pre defined and anyone with prior knowledge of IEC 61850 should be able to integrate a new device very quickly without having to map all of the new data IEC 61850 brings improved substation c...

Страница 377: ...ich the full data model can be retrieved from the IED without any prior knowledge of the IED The IEC 61850 compatible interface standard provides capability for the following Read access to measuremen...

Страница 378: ...g the IEC 61850 Configurator tool available in the MiCOM S1 Agile software application All GOOSE publishing configuration can be found under the GOOSE Publishing tab in the configuration editor window...

Страница 379: ...for all products based on their original IED capability description ICD file Other features include The extraction of configuration data for viewing and editing A sophisticated error checking sequence...

Страница 380: ...espectively with Redundancy set to NONE With Redundancy Simultaneous IEC 61850 and DNP3 0 with FAILOVER RSTP PRP or HSP Redundancy is only possible where concurrent IEC61850 DNP3 uses a single IP addr...

Страница 381: ...DNP navigate to the Device s DNP SETTINGS column and check the IP Address setting DNP SETTINGS IP Address 192 168 1 1 Note It is recommended that a maximum of two communication protocols are configure...

Страница 382: ...B open close Control Inputs The following commands are still allowed Poll Class 1 Read spontaneous events Poll Class 2 Read measurands GI sequence ASDU7 Start GI Poll Class 1 Transmission of Disturban...

Страница 383: ...s measurands Generate reports Extract disturbance records Time synchronisation Change active setting group 7 4 READ ONLY SETTINGS The following settings are available for enabling or disabling Read On...

Страница 384: ...of the time signal in pulses per second PPS IRIG B the one which we use has a resolution of 100 PPS IRIG B is used when accurate time stamping is required The following diagram shows a typical GPS ti...

Страница 385: ...entering the IP address of the SNTP server into the IED using the IEC 61850 Configurator software described in the settings application software manual A second server is also configured with a differ...

Страница 386: ...Chapter 16 Communications P24xM 362 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 387: ...CHAPTER 17 CYBER SECURITY...

Страница 388: ...Chapter 17 Cyber Security P24xM 364 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 389: ...evices within substations use standardised protocols for communication Furthermore substations can be interconnected with open networks such as the internet or corporate wide networks which use standa...

Страница 390: ...cyber attacks by hackers Good cyber security can be achieved with a range of measures such as closing down vulnerability loopholes implementing adequate security processes and procedures and providin...

Страница 391: ...ets which control or have an influence on the reliability of North America s electricity generation and distribution systems These standards have been compulsory in the USA for several years now Compl...

Страница 392: ...y providing a section in the documentation where it describes changes affecting the hardware and software 3 1 3 CIP 004 CIP 004 requires that personnel with authorized cyber access or authorized physi...

Страница 393: ...nt monitors and logs access 3 1 7 CIP 008 CIP 008 requires that an incident response plan be developed including the definition of an incident response team their responsibilities and associated proce...

Страница 394: ...hey occur held in a circular buffer Records contain all defined fields from the standard and record all defined function event types where the function is supported No password defeat mechanism exists...

Страница 395: ...assword security Password recovery procedure Disabling of unused physical and logical ports Inactivity timer Security events management External to the IEDs the following cyber security measures have...

Страница 396: ...ning Read Operation Write Operation 0 Read Some Write Minimal SYSTEM DATA column Description Plant Reference Model Number Serial Number S W Ref Access Level Security Feature SECURITY CONFIG column Use...

Страница 397: ...el 3 password setting 4 2 1 BLANK PASSWORDS A blank password is effectively a zero length password Through the front panel it is entered by confirming the password entry without actually entering any...

Страница 398: ...g Scheme Logic PSL by mapping to these Digital Data Bus DDB signals HMI Access Lvl 1 HMI Access Lvl 2 HMI Access Lvl 3 FPort AccessLvl1 FPort AccessLvl2 FPort AccessLvl3 RPrt1 AccessLvl1 RPrt1 AccessL...

Страница 399: ...cy status You can then choose to enter a new NERC compliant password or accept the non NERC compliant password just entered 4 3 3 PASSWORD BLOCKING You are locked out temporarily after a defined numbe...

Страница 400: ...idity timer see below When the recovery password is entered As soon as the security code is displayed on the LCD a validity timer is started This validity timer is set to 72 hours and is not configura...

Страница 401: ...e to disable unused physical ports A level 3 password is needed to perform this action To prevent accidental disabling of a port a warning message is displayed according to whichever port is required...

Страница 402: ...GED OUT ON int LEVEL n PASSWORD SET BLANK P WORD SET BLANK BY int LEVEL p PASSWORD SET NON COMPLIANT P WORD NOT NERC BY int LEVEL p PASSWORD MODIFIED PASSWORD CHANGED BY int LEVEL p PASSWORD ENTRY BLO...

Страница 403: ...G UPLOADED IED CONFG UPLOAD BY int USER CURVES UPLOADED USER CRV UPLOAD BY int GROUP crv PSL CONFIG UPLOADED PSL CONFG UPLOAD BY int GROUP grp SETTINGS UPLOADED SETTINGS UPLOAD BY int GROUP grp EVENTS...

Страница 404: ...configuring the IED you should log out Do this by going up to the top of the menu tree When you are at the Column Heading level and you press the Up button you may be prompted to log out with the fol...

Страница 405: ...CHAPTER 18 INSTALLATION...

Страница 406: ...Chapter 18 Installation P24xM 382 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 407: ...rmation about installing the product This chapter contains the following sections Chapter Overview 383 Handling the Goods 384 Mounting the Device 385 Cables and Connectors 388 Case Dimensions 392 P24x...

Страница 408: ...tion work 2 3 STORING THE GOODS If the unit is not installed immediately store it in a place free from dust and moisture in its original packaging Keep any de humidifier bags included in the packing T...

Страница 409: ...s makes them difficult to remove if repair becomes necessary 3 1 1 RACK MOUNTING Panel mounted variants can also be rack mounted using single tier rack frames our part number FX0021 101 as shown in th...

Страница 410: ...rt number 5TE GJ2028 101 10TE GJ2028 102 15TE GJ2028 103 20TE GJ2028 104 25TE GJ2028 105 30TE GJ2028 106 35TE GJ2028 107 40TE GJ2028 108 3 2 SOFTWARE ONLY It is possible to upgrade an existing device...

Страница 411: ...Caution Do not attempt to upgrade an existing device if the software has not been licensed for that speciific device P24xM Chapter 18 Installation P24xM TM EN 2 1 387...

Страница 412: ...onsists of up to 28 x M4 screw terminals The wires should be terminated with rings using 90 ring terminals with no more than two rings per terminal The products are supplied with sufficient M4 screws...

Страница 413: ...r and the product case or using tinned ring terminals 4 4 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS Current transformers would generally be wired with 2 5 mm2 PVC insulated multi stranded copper wire terminated with M4 ri...

Страница 414: ...he connections The device is supplied with an earth link pack part number ZA0005092 consisting of an earth link and a self tapping screw to facilitate this requirement The earth link is fastened to th...

Страница 415: ...connection only for short distance connections ideally where the products and hubs are in the same cubicle For increased noise immunity CAT 6 category 6 STP shielded twisted pair cable and connectors...

Страница 416: ...9 0mm 168 0mm 78 0mm 8 holes 3 4mm 52 0mm 23 5mm 10 5mm 102 4mm 177 0mm 213 1mm 243 1mm A A A A B B B B A Clearance holes B Mounting holes E01403 Figure 164 20TE case dimensions Chapter 18 Installatio...

Страница 417: ...8 0mm 129 5mm 10 75 8 holes 3 4mm 23 7mm 103 6mm 154 2mm 177 0mm 213 1mm 242 7mm A A A A B B B B A Clearance hole B Mounting hole E01404 Figure 165 30TE case dimensions P24xM Chapter 18 Installation P...

Страница 418: ...A B B A A B B A E01464 Figure 166 40TE case dimensions Chapter 18 Installation P24xM 394 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 419: ...CHAPTER 19 COMMISSIONING INSTRUCTIONS...

Страница 420: ...Chapter 19 Commissioning Instructions P24xM 396 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 421: ...hapter Overview 397 General Guidelines 398 Commissioning Test Menu 399 Commissioning Equipment 402 Product Checks 404 Setting Checks 412 Protection Timing Checks 414 Onload Checks 416 Final Checks 418...

Страница 422: ...eck the settings by extracting them using the settings application software or by means of the front panel interface HMI panel The menu language is user selectable so you can change it for commissioni...

Страница 423: ...l status of the output relays as they are blocked 3 3 TEST PORT STATUS CELL This cell displays the status of the DDB signals that have been allocated in the Monitor Bit cells If you move the cursor al...

Страница 424: ...ays Therefore it will be necessary to monitor the state of each contact in turn 3 8 TEST LEDS CELL When the Apply Test command in this cell is issued the user programmable LEDs illuminate for approxim...

Страница 425: ...Note When the status in both Red LED Status and Green LED Status cells is 1 this indicates the LEDs illumination is yellow P24xM Chapter 19 Commissioning Instructions P24xM TM EN 2 1 401...

Страница 426: ...eaturing Controlled three phase AC current and voltage sources Transient dynamic switching between pre fault and post fault conditions to generate delta conditions Dynamic impedance state sequencer ca...

Страница 427: ...ter for testing EIA RS 485 K Bus port EIA RS 485 to EIA RS 232 converter for testing EIA RS 485 Courier MODBUS IEC60870 5 103 DNP3 port A portable printer for printing a setting record from the portab...

Страница 428: ...k Before inserting the test plug you should check the scheme diagram to ensure that this will not cause damage or a safety hazard the test block may for example be associated with protection current t...

Страница 429: ...xpected 5 1 4 WATCHDOG CONTACTS Using a continuity tester check that the Watchdog contacts are in the following states Terminals De energised contact 3 5 Closed 4 6 Open 5 1 5 POWER SUPPLY The IED can...

Страница 430: ...rt or by the IED s internal clock When using IRIG B to maintain the clock the IED must first be connected to the satellite clock equipment usually a P594 RT430 which should be energised and functionin...

Страница 431: ...an be viewed using either the Opto I P Status cell in the SYSTEM DATA column or the Opto I P Status cell in the COMMISSION TESTS column A 1 indicates an energised input and a 0 indicates a de energise...

Страница 432: ...olarity sensitive so you must ensure the wires are connected the correct way round pin 54 is positive pin 56 is negative If K Bus is being used a Kitz protocol converter KITZ101 KITZ102 OR KITZ201 wil...

Страница 433: ...D using the portable PC Master Station 5 2 11 TEST SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORT RP2 RP2 is only available on selected models If applicable this test is the same as for RP1 only the relevant terminals are...

Страница 434: ...UREMENTS 1 Corresponding CT ratio in CT AND VT RATIOS column IA magnitude IB magnitude IC magnitude Phase CT Primary Phase CT Sec y IN measured mag E F CT Primary E F CT Secondary IN measured RMS E F...

Страница 435: ...Cell in MEASUREMENTS 1 Corresponding VT ratio in CT AND VT RATIOS column 4th VT Voltage Mag 4th VT Primary 4th VT Secondary P24xM Chapter 19 Commissioning Instructions P24xM TM EN 2 1 411...

Страница 436: ...stem Explorer In this case perform a Quick Connect to the IED then manually add the settings file to the device name in the system Refer to the Settings Application Software help for details of how to...

Страница 437: ...pt the new settings or press the Clear key to discard the new settings Note If the menu time out occurs before the setting changes have been confirmed the setting values are also discarded Control and...

Страница 438: ...st set and stop the timer 5 Connect the current output of the test set to the A phase current transformer input If the I 1 Directional cell in the OVERCURRENT column is set to Directional Fwd the curr...

Страница 439: ...ST Inverse 12 12 11 51 12 73 Note With the exception of the definite time characteristic the operating times given are for a Time Multiplier Setting TMS or Time Dial Setting TDS of 1 For other values...

Страница 440: ...secondary phase currents and phase angle with the measured values which can be found in the MEASUREMENTS 1 column If the Local Values cell is set to Secondary the values displayed should be equal to t...

Страница 441: ...ons For this test you must first know the actual direction of power flow on the system If you do not already know this you must determine it using adjacent instrumentation or protection already in ser...

Страница 442: ...ed 6 If the IED is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained the circuit breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero These counters can be reset using the Reset...

Страница 443: ...CHAPTER 20 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING...

Страница 444: ...Chapter 20 Maintenance and Troubleshooting P24xM 420 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 445: ...troubleshooting part of the chapter allows an error condition on the IED to be identified so that appropriate corrective action can be taken If the device develops a fault it is usually possible to i...

Страница 446: ...e counters For this reason maintenance checks should also be performed locally at the substation Caution Before carrying out any work on the equipment you should be familiar with the contents of the S...

Страница 447: ...e unit isolate all voltage and current supplying it Note The General Electric products have integral current transformer shorting switches which will close for safety reasons when the terminal block i...

Страница 448: ...rrect go to test 2 Otherwise check the wiring and fuses in the auxiliary supply 2 Check the LEDs and LCD backlight switch on at power up Also check the N O normally open watchdog contact on terminals...

Страница 449: ...re ID 1 The subset field in the model number does not match the software ID 2 The platform field in the model number does not match the software ID 3 The product type field in the model number does no...

Страница 450: ...PUTS The opto isolated inputs are mapped onto the IED s internal DDB signals using the programmable scheme logic If an input is not recognized by the scheme logic use the Opto I P Status cell in the C...

Страница 451: ...in the original scheme appears as an OR gate when uploaded Programmable gates with an inputs to trigger value of 1 also appear as OR gates 3 7 2 PSL VERSION CHECK The PSL is saved with a version refe...

Страница 452: ...of the quote must be delivered before going to the next stage 5 Send the product to the repair centre Address the shipment to the repair centre specified by your local contact Make sure all items are...

Страница 453: ...CHAPTER 21 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS...

Страница 454: ...Chapter 21 Technical Specifications P24xM 430 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 455: ...otection Functions 439 Performance of Frequency Protection Functions 441 Power Protection Functions 444 Performance of Monitoring and Control Functions 445 Measurements and Recording 447 Regulatory Co...

Страница 456: ...le length 1000 m Not all models support all protocols see ordering options 2 3 REAR SERIAL PORT 2 Optional rear serial port RP2 Use For SCADA communications multi drop Standard EIA RS 485 K bus EIA RS...

Страница 457: ...ported Protocols IEC 61850 DNP3 0 OE Wavelength 1300 nm 2 6 1 100 BASE FX RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Sym Min Typ Max Unit Input Optical Power Minimum at Window Edge PIN Min W 33 5 31 dBm avg I...

Страница 458: ...ter 2 20 Is DT reset Setting 5 Repeatability 2 5 Overshoot of overcurrent elements 30 ms 3 1 1 THREE PHASE OVERCURRENT DIRECTIONAL PARAMETERS Directional boundary accuracy RCA 90 2 with hysteresis 3 I...

Страница 459: ...x Setting 10 Negative Sequence Polarising accuracy Directional boundary pick up RCA 90 2 Hysteresis 3 VN2 pick up Setting 10 VN2 drop off 0 9 x Setting 10 IN2 pick up Setting 10 IN2 drop off 0 9 x Se...

Страница 460: ...EARTH FAULT PROTECTION High Impedance Retricted Earth Fault REF accuracy Pick up Setting formula 5 Drop off 0 95 x Setting formula 5 Operating time 30 ms High pick up Setting 10 Repeatability 15 Low...

Страница 461: ...0 Is DT reset Setting 5 3 6 STALL PROTECTION Pick up Setting 5 Timer 2 or 40ms whichever is greater 3 7 CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL AND UNDERCURRENT PROTECTION I Pick up Setting 5 or 20 mA whichever is great...

Страница 462: ...N I Pick up Setting 1 5 IN Pick up Setting 1 5 I Drop off 0 95 x Setting 1 5 IN Drop off 0 95 x Setting 1 5 DT operate 0 5 or 50 ms whichever is greater Repeatability 1 Chapter 21 Technical Specificat...

Страница 463: ...ing 1 Drop off IDMT and DT 0 98 x Setting 5 IDMT operate 5 or 50 ms Disengagement 40 ms DT operate 2 or 50 ms whichever is greater DT reset Setting 5 Repeatability 5 4 3 RESIDUAL OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTIO...

Страница 464: ...ter 45 Hz 70 Hz Repeatability 1 4 5 RATE OF CHANGE OF VOLTAGE PROTECTION Accuracy for 110 V VT Tolerance 1 or 0 07 whichever is greater Pick up Setting tolerance Drop off for positive direction Settin...

Страница 465: ...etting end frequency 5 2 UNDERFREQUENCY PROTECTION Accuracy Pick up Setting 10 mHz Drop off Setting 20 mHz 10 mHz Operating timer 2 or 50 ms whichever is greater Operating and Reset time Operating tim...

Страница 466: ...Hz s Drop off df dt falling for settings greater than 100 mHz s Setting 50 mHz s 5 or 55 mHz s whichever is greater Drop off df dt rising for settings between 10 mHz s and 100 mHz s Setting 5 mHz s 10...

Страница 467: ...tting 1 Hz Dt 0 156 x Df 0 47 for Df setting 1 Hz 5 6 LOAD RESTORATION Pick up Setting 2 5 Drop off 0 95 x Setting 2 5 Restoration timer 2 or 50 ms whichever is greater Holding timer 2 or 50 ms whiche...

Страница 468: ...e power drop off 0 95 x Setting 10 Angle variation pick up 2 Angle variation drop off 2 5 Operating time 2 or 50 ms whichever is greater Repeatability 5 Disengagement time 50 ms tRESET 5 Instantaneous...

Страница 469: ...CONDITION MONITORING Timers 40 ms or 2 whichever is greater Broken current accuracy 5 7 4 PSL TIMERS Output conditioner timer Setting 2 or 50 ms whichever is greater Dwell conditioner timer Setting 2...

Страница 470: ...Disengagement Time 250 ms Note Tested at 21 C Chapter 21 Technical Specifications P24xM 446 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 471: ...2 to 2 Vn and 0 05 to 3 In 5 0 of reading Energy Wh 0 2 to 2 Vn and 0 2 to 3 In 5 0 of reading at zero power factor Energy Varh 0 2 to 2 Vn and 0 2 to 3 In 5 0 of reading at zero power factor 8 2 MEA...

Страница 472: ...cy 2 Trigger position accuracy 2 minimum Trigger 100 ms 8 4 EVENT FAULT AND MAINTENANCE RECORDS Event Fault Maintenance Records Record location Flash memory Viewing method Front panel display or MiCOM...

Страница 473: ...an outdoor location it must be mounted in a specific cabinet or housing to provide the equipment with the appropriate level of protection from the expected outdoor environment 9 3 R TTE COMPLIANCE 201...

Страница 474: ...ry for control of equipment in gas atmospheres in Zone 1 and 2 This equipment with parentheses marking around the zone number is not itself suitable for operation within a potentially explosive atmosp...

Страница 475: ...02 Protection against dust whole case IP50 as per IEC 60529 2002 Protection for sides of the case safety IP30 as per IEC 60529 2002 Protection for rear of the case safety IP10 as per IEC 60529 2002 10...

Страница 476: ...d Continuous 4 x In 10 s 30 x In 1 s 100 x In Linear to 40 x In non offset ac current Note A single input is used for both 1A and 5A applications 1 A or 5 A operation is determined by means of softwar...

Страница 477: ...125 W max 110 V 0 36 W max 220 V 0 9 W max 12 3 AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY INTERRUPTION Standard IEC 60255 11 2008 dc IEC 61000 4 11 2004 ac Quiescent half load Full load 19 2 V 110 V dc 110 V dc 19 2 V...

Страница 478: ...145V Logic 1 165V Note Filter is required to make the opto inputs immune to induced AC voltages 13 2 STANDARD OUTPUT CONTACTS Compliance In accordance with IEC 60255 1 2009 Use General purpose relay...

Страница 479: ...me 10 ms 13 3 WATCHDOG CONTACTS Use Non programmable contacts for relay healthy relay fail indication Breaking capacity dc resistive 30 W Breaking capacity dc inductive 15 W L R 40 ms Breaking capacit...

Страница 480: ...T HUMIDITY RANGE Compliance IEC 60068 2 78 2001 and IEC 60068 2 30 2005 Durability 56 days at 93 relative humidity and 40 C Damp heat cyclic six 12 12 hour cycles 93 RH 25 to 55 C 14 4 CORROSIVE ENVIR...

Страница 481: ...s open contacts of changeover output relays 1 kV ac rms for 1 minute Between all RJ45 contacts and protective earth terminal 1 kV ac rms for 1 minute Between all screw type EIA RS 485 contacts and pro...

Страница 482: ...Note Exceptions are communications ports and normally open output contacts where applicable Chapter 21 Technical Specifications P24xM 458 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 483: ...ischarge to communication ports and exposed metalwork Class 3 Condition 40TE 6 kV contact discharge to communication ports and exposed metalwork 16 4 ELECTRICAL FAST TRANSIENT OR BURST REQUIREMENTS Co...

Страница 484: ...EE ANSI C37 90 2 2004 Frequency band 80 MHz to 1 GHz Spot tests at 80 160 380 450 MHz Waveform 1 kHz 80 am and pulse modulated Field strength 35 V m 16 8 RADIATED IMMUNITY FROM DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS...

Страница 485: ...pply test 2 0 5 30 MHz 73 dB V quasi peak 60 dB V average RJ45 test 1 where applicable 0 15 0 5 MHz 97 dB V quasi peak 84 dB V average RJ45 test 2 where applicable 0 5 30 MHz 87 dB V quasi peak 74 dB...

Страница 486: ...Chapter 21 Technical Specifications P24xM 462 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 487: ...APPENDIX A ORDERING OPTIONS...

Страница 488: ...Appendix A Ordering Options P24xM 464 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 489: ...or HSR 40TE M EIA RS485 IRIG B demodulated and Dual Copper Ethernet 2x RJ45 Copper dual IP 30TE 40TE N EIA RS485 IRIG B demodulated and Dual Redundant Fibre Ethernet 2x multimode fibre dual IP 30TE 4...

Страница 490: ...RP or HSR 40TE M EIA RS485 IRIG B demodulated and Dual Copper Ethernet 2x RJ45 Copper dual IP 30TE 40TE N EIA RS485 IRIG B demodulated and Dual Redundant Fibre Ethernet 2x multimode fibre dual IP 30TE...

Страница 491: ...APPENDIX B SETTINGS AND SIGNALS...

Страница 492: ...e interactive PDF file attached as an embedded resource Tables are organized into a simple menu system allowing selection by language where available model and table type and may be viewed and or prin...

Страница 493: ...APPENDIX C WIRING DIAGRAMS...

Страница 494: ...Appendix C Wiring Diagrams P24xM 468 P24xM TM EN 2 1...

Страница 495: ...IO option D MOTOR PROTECTION WITH VOLTAGE PHASE CURRENT INPUTS AND E F 13 I P 12 O P MOTOR PROTECTION WITH VOLTAGE PHASE CURRENT INPUTS AND E F 13 I P 12 O P WITH ETHERNET MOTOR PROTECTION WITH VOLTAG...

Страница 496: ...DUAL FIBRE ETHERNET 10P24N08 1 10P24N08 2 10P24N08 3 10P24N08 4 B B B B IO option D MOTOR PROTECTION WITH PHASE CURRENT INPUTS AND E F 13 I P 12 O P MOTOR PROTECTION WITH PHASE CURRENT INPUTS AND E F...

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Страница 600: ...ined in this document is indicative only No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project This will depend on the te...

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