A
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ
ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɦ
:
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɥɢɧɢɸ
.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ
ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨ
ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ
,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
:
•
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɢ ɬɨɩɤɢ
.
•
ɩɪɨɤɚɱɤɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
.
•
ɩ
p
ɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦɢ
.
B
ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɪɨɤɚɱɤɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ
:
ɦɚɡɭɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɩɥɨ
ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɨɪɚɫɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
.
ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɦɹ
.
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
.
ɐɢɤɥ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɢɫ
. 35 -
ɐɢɤɥ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
R-SB-W
Ɍɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɵ
/
ɉɪɟɫɫɨɫɬɚɬɵ
ɦ
Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
Z
Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ
BV
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ
FR
Ɏɨɬɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ
A’
ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
A
ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
B
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ
C
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
D
ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
(TA-TC)
t1
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɢ
TSA
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
t3
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɨɦ
t3n
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɨɡɠɢɝɚ
tw
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
•
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ
,
ɤɚɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ
sez. 2.3.
•
ɍɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
.
•
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɨɜ
(
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
)
ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ
.
•
ɍɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
.
•
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
,
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
.
•
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɟɪɰɵ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɞɵɦɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ
.
•
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɚ
.
•
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ
(
ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɤɨɬɥɚ
)
ɢ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
CO
2
ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ
11%
ɞɨ
12%.
•
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɢ
,
ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
,
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
(
ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
,
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
, ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɬ
.
ɞ
.)
ɧɚ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ȼɚɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
.
4.3
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɬɤɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɢ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ
:
•
Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ
.
•
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
.
•
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɣ
,
ɜɦɹɬɢɧ ɢ ɬ
.
ɩ
.
•
ɑɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
.
•
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
,
ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
.
•
ɑɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
.
•
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɟ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
,
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
:
-
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
,
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
-
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɞɵɦɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ
-
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
CO2
ɜ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɚɯ
•
Ⱦɵɦɨ
-
ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɵ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɵ
,
ɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɬ
ɭɬɟɱɟɤ
.
•
Ƚɨɪɟɥɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɱɢɫɬɵ ɨɬ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɚɠɢ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɳɟɬɤɢ
.
•
ȼɫɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ
.
•
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ
1
ɛɚɪ
;
ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ
.
•
ɐɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧ
.
•
Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧ
.
•
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɨɞɚ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ
,
ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
.
ɑɢɫɬɤɭ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ
,
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ
"
ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
"
ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ɤɨɬɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɬɪɹɩɤɢ
,
ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɵɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ
.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ
.
Ⱦɟɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
•
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɤɪɵɲɤɭ
(B),
ɨɬɤɪɭɬɢɜ
ɜɢɧɬ
(A),
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ
ɱɚɫɬɹɦ
.
•
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ
ɝɚɣɤɭ
(C)
ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɟ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 36 -
Ⱦɟɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ
1.
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ
.
2.
Ⱦɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɭ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɣ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ
).
3.
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ
.
4.
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ
«A»,
ɨɬɤɪɭɬɢɜ ɝɚɣɤɢ
«B».
5.
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɝɨɪɟɥɤɢ
«C»,
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɭɬɢɜ ɝɚɣɤɢ
«D».
6.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɟɪɲɚ
,
ɜɵɬɹɠɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ
.
7.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɵ
.
ɪɢɫ
. 37
FR
Z
M
W
SB
R
BV
A
B
C
D
t3n
t1
t3
TSA
C
A
B
A
B
C
D
ATLAS D 25 K 100 UNIT
93
RU
cod. 3541I100 - Rev. 02 - 10/2016