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Split wood will dry out in just one summer
Why use dry split logs?
The moisture content of split logs intended for a
log boiler should be below 20% (air dry).
Damp wood with a moisture content of above 20%
creates a moist climate in the fuel chamber. Wood
that is not sufficiently dry can cause the boiler's
fuel chamber to rust through.
One summer is sufficient to dry out split firewood
Unsplit logs stacked as metre-long pieces in the
forest will generally take two summers to dry.
However, it can be done faster. If the timber is
felled in winter (before the end of January) and
split immediately, a moisture content of 15% can
be reached by September through air drying. Split
logs also burn far better than unsplit logs.
Unsplit logs take two months longer, and thus a
second summer, to dry.
The best approach is to split the wood in lengths
of 1 m immediately after felling: split in half for
a log diameter of up to 15 cm; into quarters for a
diameter up to 20 cm, into sixths for a diameter up
to 25 cm, and into eighths for a diameter up to 30
cm.
Store the split wood in a windy place on a dry
surface; ideally stack crosswise on two logs or
concrete pipes and cover only the top. Of course
a sunny location is preferable, but it is more
important to find a dry, windy place. Leave a gap
between stacks as well. If you stack wood along
the wall of a house, leave an air gap of at least 10
cm between the wall and the stack of wood.
Wood stored outside in winter will absorb moisture
from precipitation. For this reason either move the
wood to a covered location in September or, as a
minimum, temporarily store it in a warm room for
a week before burning.
During storage the heating value is reduced by
processes similar to decay; depending on how dry
storage conditions are, the loss can be between
1% and 3% per year. For this reason, only store
firewood for longer than 3 years in exceptional
circumstances.
Split the wood and store it in a dry, windy place,
one percent moisture more or less will not make
a big difference
To sum up: the heating value changes by only 2%
between 20% and 10% moisture content. It is
easy to achieve less than 20%—even if you cut the
wood in summer—if you split the wood and store
it outdoors with protection against the rain for a
year.
Fichte
Fichte
Buche
Buche
60
30
40
50
20
0
10
%
W
as
se
rg
eh
al
t
Feb
03
Ok
t03
Au
g0
3
Jun
03
Ap
r03
De
z0
2
De
z0
3
Feb
04
Ok
t04
Au
g0
4
Jun
04
Ap
r04
Quelle: “Rationelle Scheitholzbereitstellungsverfahren” Bericht 11 TFZ Straubing, von ETA mit Heizwertangabe ergänzt
82,4
89,0
93,5
96,6
97,7
99,0
100,0
102,4
101,7
100,9
%
He
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ez
og
en
a
uf
15
%
W
as
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Split wood will dry out in just one summer