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Real Address Mode

In this mode physical memory is a contiguous array of up to 1 MB. The

selector portion of the pointer is interpreted as the upper 16 bits of a
20-bit address. The remaining four bits are set to zero. This mode of

operation is compatible with the 8088 and the 8086.

Segments in this mode are 64KB in size and may be read, written or
executed. An interrupt may occur if data operands or instructions
attempt to wrap around the end of a segment not using the full 64KB.
The unused end of the segment may be overlaid by another segment
to reduce physical memory requirements.

System Timers

The system has three programmable timer/counters controlled by the

Intel 8254-2 chip. These are channels 0 through 2 defined as follows:

Channel 0

GATE 0

CLK IN 0

CLK OUT 0

Table 6-5: Channel 0

System Timer

TIED ON

1.190MHz OSC

8259A IRQ 0

Channel 1

Refresh Request Generator

GATE 1

TIED ON

CLK IN 1

CLK OUT 1

1 .190MHz OSC

Request Refresh Cycle

Table 6-6: Channel 1

Note: Channel 1 is programmed to generate a 15 microsecond signal.

16

Chapter 6: Appendix

Содержание Apex 286/12

Страница 1: ...TECH 1234 12MHz 286 SYSTEM U ser s Manual ...

Страница 2: ...istered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation MS DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation The typeface used in the text of this manual is Helvetica and is used under licence from the Allied Corporation the owner of the typeface All other brand names are registered trademarks of their respective companies The TEC...

Страница 3: ...iver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Any special accessories needed for compliance must be specified in the instruction manual Warning A shielded type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emission limits and also to prevent interference to nearby radio a...

Страница 4: ...puter from being damaged NEVER recon figure the board while the power is ON If you wish to reconfigure the computer at any time ensure that the power is turned OFF before changing any hardware set tings such as DIP switches or jumpers III ...

Страница 5: ...n 6 1 6 System Unit 7 1 7 Control Panel Reset Button Turbo Button Indicator Lights Keyboard Lock System Power Switch 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 9 Other Peripherals 16 1 8 Rear Panel Keyboard Connector Power Cord Connector Display Port Power Voltage Setting 1 10 Disk Drives Floppy Disks 18 17 Hard Disks 2 0 1 11 Keyboard 2 1 1 12 Maintaining Your Equipment 22 IV ...

Страница 6: ...Operating Your System 1 3 1 An Introduction to DOS Loading DOS 2 System Messages 2 2 3 2 DOS Operations Starting MS DOS 3 3 Formatting Disks 4 Backing up Your Diskettes and Files 5 Deleting Your Diskettes and Files 6 Finding Out What is on Your Disk 7 3 3 Hard Disk Drive Format 8 Step 1 Preformat 8 Step 2 Partition Step 3 Format 8 9 3 4 Helpful Hints 10 3 5 System Setup Program 11 Entering the Set...

Страница 7: ...on Keys 3 Numeric Keypad 3 Mode Indicator Lights 5 Special Keys 6 QWERTY keys 7 Cursor Keys 8 Key Combinations 8 4 3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment 9 Chapter 5 TROUBLESHOOTING 1 5 1 Command Problems 2 5 2 System Error Messages 4 Examples of System Error Messages 5 5 3 System BIOS Error Messages 6 VI ...

Страница 8: ...oftware 10 Shadow RAM Enable EMS Driver Setup 10 10 6 4 Quick Reference for Jumper Settings 14 6 5 Moving Your Computer and Peripherals 1 6 Short Move 16 Long Move 16 6 6 Technical Information 17 Microprocessor Protected Virtual Address Mode 17 17 Real Address Mode System Timers 18 System Interrupts 18 ROM Subsystem 19 RAM Subsystem 20 Direct Memory Access 20 DMA Channel 21 I O Channel Slots 21 Ma...

Страница 9: ...FF Position Figure 1 7 Rear Panel 11 10 Figure 1 8 Connecting the Keyboard Cable 12 Figure 1 9 System Power Cord 13 Figure 1 10 Two Kinds of Display Connectors 14 Figure 1 11 Voltage Switch 15 Figure 1 12 System Unit Connected to Peripherals 16 Figure 1 13 Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives 17 Figure 1 14 Copy Protection for a 3 5 Floppy Disk 19 Figure 1 15 Copy Protection for a 5 25 Floppy Di...

Страница 10: ...2 11 1 5MB Total Onboard System Memory 12 Figure 2 12 2MB Total Onboard System Memory A 13 Figure 2 13 2MB Total Onboard System Memory B 13 Figure 2 14 3MB Total Onboard System Memory 14 Figure 2 15 4MB Total Onboard System Memory 15 Figure 2 16 5MB Total Onboard System Memory 16 Figure 2 17 Installing ROM 17 Figure 2 18 Unpacking Your Main System 18 Figure 2 19 Connecting to the Power Supply 19 C...

Страница 11: ... 3 Figure 6 3 Screwing a 3 5 Hard Disk Drive 4 Figure 6 4 Fastening the 3 5 Disk Drive 4 Figure 6 5 Controller Cable for the Floppy Disk Drive 5 Figure 6 6 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive 6 Figure 6 7 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card 6 Figure 6 8 Controller Cable for the Hard Disk Drive 7 Figure 6 9 Data Cable for the Hard Disk Drive 7 Figure 6 10 Connecting a Hard Disk Drive 8 Figure ...

Страница 12: ...ys 4 Table 4 2 Functions of Special Keys 6 Table 4 3 Functions of Special QWERTY Keys Table 4 4 Special Functions 7 8 Chapter 6 APPENDIX Table 6 1 JP1 JP6 Banks Selection Table 6 2 JP7 Battery Selection Table 6 3 JP8 Display Mode Selection Table 6 4 JP9 Power Good Selection Table 6 5 Channel 0 Table 6 6 Channel 1 Table 6 7 Channel 2 Table 6 8 Interrupts Level Assignment Table 6 9 DMA Channels Tabl...

Страница 13: ...stem Chapter 3 Operating Your System shows you the MS DOS functions and the basics of the system setup program Chapter 4 Keyboard explains the keyboard s features layout and basic functions Chapter 5 Troubleshooting covers a simple troubleshooting procedures and provides directions for additional help Chapter 6 Appendix provides some technical specifications for your system Chapter 7 Glossary expl...

Страница 14: ...art section at the beginning of chapter one Quick Start will provide you all the information you need to set up the hardware For the beginner Chapter 1 gives you the basic information you need to use this system Chapter 2 provides greater detail on the hardware and on how to upgrade your system Your system is quite simple to set up However if you are unsure of yourself find an experienced PC hand ...

Страница 15: ...Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 16: ...ants to get to work as soon as possible the Quick Start section at the beginning of this chapter provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware If you want to upgrade your hardware later read Chapter 2 INSTAL LATION If you want to gain a more thorough understanding of your computer read the entire manual Note You may refer to the Glossary section for definitions of com puter term...

Страница 17: ...ds used on a PC AT can also be used on your computer For example the same Ctrl Alt Del combination of keystrokes used for the software reset on the PC AT may also be used on your computer Quality flexibility and functionality are the key design features of your computer For this reason this computer is the ideal choice for a person seeking affor dable AT style power The clear well illustrated inst...

Страница 18: ...us to start using your computer observe the figure below to set up your personal computer You will still want to use this manual later as a reference book Note Save all packing materials in case you need to ship your computer Chapter 1 System Overview 3 ...

Страница 19: ...or the CMOS configuration table and a real time clock RAM subsystem of 512KB 640KB 1 MB 1 5MB 2MB 3MB 4MB and 5MB Eight expansion slots five 16 bit slots and three 8 bit slots Sixteen level interrupt Seven channel DMA for disk and special I O 64KB legal BIOS Four layer mainboard LIM 4 0 EMS support Shadow RAM support Choice of either 44256 DIP or 256k l M SIMM DRAM modules Page Interleaved DRAM ac...

Страница 20: ... MB 1 5MB 2MB 3MB 4MB and 5MB ROM 64KB legal BIOS Expansion slots Five 16 bit slots and three 8 bit slots Disk Drive s Three 5 25 bays and one 3 5 bay Power Size 165mm X 150mm X 150mm Options Math coprocessor 80287 8 Chapter 1 System Overview 5 1 4 Specifications ...

Страница 21: ...m is pictured below You may choose peripherals and upgrades for the system as your needs require Even if your system is different from the one pictured it should operate in the same basic manner Figure 1 2 System Configuration 6 Chapter I System Overview ...

Страница 22: ...1 6 System Unit The system unit may house a motherboard disk drives a power supply and other optional expansion cards 2 Function Lights Figure 1 3 System Unit Case Chapter 1 System Overview 7 ...

Страница 23: ...ou can always restart quickly from the RAM test stage by pressing the reset button Note however that any data which have not been saved to disk will be lost Turbo Button The Turbo button allows you to change the running speed of the microprocessor to accommodate software requirements Some software applications must be run at a slow clock speed Indicator Lights Two lights indicate the operation sta...

Страница 24: ...disables the keyboard In the unlock mode the keyboard is activated In the lock mode the keyboard is disabled to deny unauthorized users access to the computer Figure 1 5 Keylock and Two Security Lock Keys Chapter 1 System Overview 9 ...

Страница 25: ...ch is located on the right side of the case toward the rear Figure 1 6 ON OFF Switch in OFF Position You should always be certain that the power is turned off before modifying the hardware configuration in any way 10 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 26: ... all power switches before connecting or disconnecting cables wires En sure that cables wires are attached to the peripheral device first and connect to the outlet of the system unit case later Turn the system unit power switch off before you plug the power cable into an electrical outlet Figure 1 7 Rear Panel Chapter 1 System Overview 11 ...

Страница 27: ...board supplied with your system may be plugged into sockets at the back of the case Plug the keyboard cable into the socket as shown below Keyboard Connector Figure 1 8 Connecting the Keyboard Cable 12 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 28: ... supplies power to a monitor the other connects to the main power source Yet if your monitor power plug does not fit the system unit s monitor power outlet you should plug it into a wall electrical outlet Figure 1 9 System Power Cord Chapter 1 System Overview 13 ...

Страница 29: ...able connector down securely Your computer gives you a wide range of video options to meet your needs You have a wide choice of the following video standards MGA Monochrome Graphics Adapter also referred to as Hercules CGA Color Graphics Adapter EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter VGA Video Graphics Adapter Refer to the figures below for mono and color display connectors Figure 1 10 Two Kinds of Display...

Страница 30: ... selector switch to 115V and if you are in European countries switch to 23OV Refer to the following table for the appropriate specification of the power cord used Power Source Cord Specification 115v UL listed SVT SJT type three conductor rated 10A 125V 15ft in length 230V Appropriate approval listed in that specific country three conductor rated 6A 250V 230V U S A only UL listed SVT SJT type thre...

Страница 31: ... card manuals or peripheral manuals to determine which ports are to be used Your may consult your dealer for more about the expan sion cards available for your system Typical peripherals are shown as the figure below Figure 1 12 System Unit Connected to Peripherals 16 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 32: ...nstalling at most three 5 25 floppy hard and one 3 5 hard disk drives You can decide the composition according to your need More information about how to install disk drives may be found in Chapter 6 Figure1 13 Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives Chapter 1 System Overview 17 ...

Страница 33: ...2MB of data Besides one standard 3 5 floppy disk can store up to 720KB of data One high density 3 5 floppy disk can store up to 1 44MB of data Table 1 2 Floppy Disk Specifications Note Only high density floppy disks can be formatted to high capacities of either 1 2M for 5 25 or 1 44M for 3 5 floppy disks You may lose data if you use a low density floppy disk formatted for high density You can t us...

Страница 34: ...slide the tab toward the outermost position so that you can see through the write protect hole To disable write protection slide the tab in the opposite direction so that the hole is covered Note that write protection does not prevent loss of data from accidents such as coffee spills fires and nuclear holocausts Copy Protected Unprotected Figure 1 14 Copy Protection for a 3 5 Floppy Disk Figure 1 ...

Страница 35: ...ties you had better use a hard disk A hard disk can raise your efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data avail able at your fingertips Moreover your system gives you a wide range of half high or full high hard disk s of 3 5 or 5 25 to meet your needs 20 Chapter 1 System Overview ...

Страница 36: ...board has a set of function keys cursor keys and a numeric keypad The figure below shows a typical keyboard Refer to Chapter 4 for a more detailed description of the keyboard Figure 1 16 Keyboard Chapter 1 System Overview 21 ...

Страница 37: ... mechanical power failure or damage do not attempt to repair the system unit monitor s cables wires Refer all such problems to experienced service personnel Ensure that the back of the system unit is at least 3 away from anything that might obstruct the ventilation outlets and cause overheating Ensure that the power source is grounded correctly This product is equipped with a 3 wire grounding type...

Страница 38: ...Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 39: ... the system set up you are now ready to load your application software and begin work This chapter covers topics you are less likely to need to know right away You may also skip this chapter unless you want to add to or alter your system unit hardware yourself It is recommended to have your dealer or technician upgrade your system if you are a novice Ensure that the power is off before modifying t...

Страница 40: ...or or CPU a 80287 8 math coprocessor socket BIOS chips and expansion slots These parts of your system that you can see and touch are called hardware Below is an illustration of the board layout 2 1 Motherboard Figure 2 1 Motherboard Layout 2 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 41: ...systems It has built in memory protec tion that supports operating system and task isolation as well as program and data privacy within tasks Refer to the figure below 80286 CPU Figure 2 2 The Location of 80286 CPU Your system is switchable between 6MHz Normal mode and 12MHz Turbo mode to ensure software compatibility and can be activated with either a hardware or software switch If software fails...

Страница 42: ... installed in socket U35 to accelerate processing of calculation intensive applications Remember that you must make sure the dotted end of the chip is lined up with the notched end of the socket Refer to the illustration for 80287 math coprocessor below Math Coprocessor U35 Figure 2 3 The Location of 80287 4 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 43: ...ke sure that the notched or the dotted end of the chip is lined up with the notched end of the socket Gently push the chip into the socket and be careful not to bend the pins Refer to the figures below Figure 2 4 Chip Insertion Figure 2 5 RAM Module Insertion Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 5 ...

Страница 44: ...he cap for future use by covering only one pin of a jumper This has no effect on the function of the board while it keeps the cap handy The illustration below shows the side and top views of a three pin jumper in which pins two and three are shorted Side View Top View I Pin 1 Figure 2 6 An Example of Three Pin Jumper Setting 6 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 45: ... on the mainboard The DIP and SIMM DRAM banks can contain from 512KB 64OKB 1MB 1 5MB 2MB 3MB 4MB to 5MB by means of setting them Refer to Figure 2 1 for the location of jumpers JP1 JP6 and the illustration below for RAM banks Figure 2 7 RAM Banks Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 7 ...

Страница 46: ...JP6 Before setting up RAM configuration in BIOS you must refer to the following table to set the wait state and the page interleave mode Particularly you cannot set both 0 wait state and disabled page interleave mode in Turbo mode otherwise your system cannot operate normally even cannot display the screen In order to set both modes normally you should switch the button from Turbo mode to Normal m...

Страница 47: ...Figure 2 8 512KB Total Onboard System Memory You may use either bank as bank 0 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 9 ...

Страница 48: ...Figure 2 9 640 KB Total Onboard System Memory You may use either bank as bank 0 10 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 49: ...Figure 2 10 1MB Total Onboard System Memory Any bank 0 may be used with any bank 1 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 11 ...

Страница 50: ...Figure 2 11 1 5 MB Total Onboard System Memory 12 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 51: ...Figure 2 12 2MB Total Onboard System Memory A Figure 2 13 2MB Total Onboard System Memory B Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 13 ...

Страница 52: ...Figure 2 14 3MB Total Onboard System Memory 14 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 53: ...Figure 2 15 4MB Total Onboard System Memory Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 15 ...

Страница 54: ...Figure 2 16 5MB Total Onboard System Memory 16 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 55: ...he ROM chips refer to the illustration below for the location of the chip sockets on the mainboard Be sure that the type of BIOS is DTK BIOS or any other of 64KB size Figure 2 17 Installing ROM Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 17 ...

Страница 56: ...of the unit This is easily ac complished with the following tools a small flat blade screwdriver and a small Philips screwdriver Be sure that the power to the system is switched OFF before you open the case Your computer interior is as below Figure 2 18 Unpacking Your Main System 18 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 57: ...ich is located at the lower right quadrant of the motherboard There are some cables on the power supply Be sure the four black wires of the power supply cables are located at the middle of the power connectors Refer to the figure below Pin 1 is numbered in the picture for your convenience Figure 2 19 Connecting to the Power Supply Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System 19 ...

Страница 58: ...The pinouts for the connectors at J8 are as below Table 2 3 Power Supply Pinouts 20 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System ...

Страница 59: ...Operating Your System ...

Страница 60: ...his computer uses is Microsoft Corporation s MS DOS the world s most widely used operating sys tem for PC XT ATs Next there is the application software what you use for work and play Finding application software is a simple matter of going to your nearest PC store Note This is not an MS DOS manual It mentions only a few of the DOS functions available To learn more about DOS refer to your MS DOS Us...

Страница 61: ...rompts displayed on the monitor Starting DOS when the computer is on If you don t have a DOS disk in your disk drive when you start your computer you will see the following message on the screen following the RAM test Non system disk or disk error Replace and strike any key when ready Then you should l Insert DOS disk 1 into disk drive A and close the drive lever l Press the reset button on your f...

Страница 62: ... If you are using a floppy disk drive insert the DOS system disk in drive A and switch on your computer You will see a message similar to the following Current date is Fri 01 01 1990 Enter new date MM DD YY For the new date key in the month day and year separated by hyphens Press Enter Time is displayed and corrected as follows Current time is 0 02 15 00 Enter new time 2 20 Your computer is now bo...

Страница 63: ...ted you will see the following prompt Format another diskette Y N Press N if you do have nothing else to be formatted Formatting a lo w density disk To format a low density disk type the following at the drive prompt C Format A 4 Enter After your disk has been formatted you will see the following prompt Format another diskette Y N Press N if you have nothing else to be formatted 4 Chapter 3 Operat...

Страница 64: ... respond to the prompts on your screen Backing up a diskette on a single floppy disk drive system At the A prompt type the following A diskcopy Press enter and respond to the prompts on your screen After your target disk has been copied you will see the following prompt Copy another diskette Y N Press N if you have nothing else to be copied Backing up a file To back up a single file key in the bac...

Страница 65: ...other data Erasing a diskette To erase a whole directory of files type the following at the drive prompt A del Enter All the files in the open directory are now erased Deleting a file To delete a single file type the following at the drive prompt A del filename ext Enter 6 Chapter 3 Operating Your System ...

Страница 66: ...owing command DIR A After you hit the enter key all the file information will display on the screen If you use the DIR command without a drive letter MS DOS lists the directory of the disk which was most recently accessed There are three ways to stop the screen from scrolling l pressing the CTRL and the S keys simultaneous l pressing Pause l typing DIR P to see one screen each time Chapter 3 Opera...

Страница 67: ...is partitioning process Insert your DOS diskette in drive A and type a to get A prompt Then type A FDISK The FDISK command displays a serial of menus to help you partition our hard disk for MS DOS With the FDISK command you can create a primary partition create an extended partition change the active partition delete an partition display partition data and select the next fixed disk drive for part...

Страница 68: ...e command should be keyed in as A FORMAT D If you want to use the partition 1 drive C to start DOS you have to specify the S option when formatting the disk You can use this system disk to boot your system later Note that you don t need to perform this procedure if you want to use new partitions for other operating systems like Xenix Novell or Unix Refer to their manuals for details Chapter 3 Oper...

Страница 69: ...pecifying the name of a drive Spell the filename correctly Use the appropriate extension such as DOC or EXE Refer to the DOS Reference for additional information if a command still doesn t work Print contents of a disk if you have a printer and keep the list with the diskette All commands except DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP are files that will work on both diskettes and hard disk drives The date and time...

Страница 70: ...ystem BIOS is fully compatible with IBM BIOS In addition many special functions are supported like l a low level fixed disk format utility l three system utilities a calculator a hard disk park and a timer l system password l user defined hard disk types l NEAT chip set The setup program is simple to be used It is extremely important that you respond correctly to the prompts about your computer Th...

Страница 71: ...anged If the battery for CMOS chip is dead or the system configuration does not match your actual hardware configuration you will have to recon figure your system The computer will give you this screen message Press the Fl key to enter the setup program or press any other key to continue Under the above three conditions pressing F7 will automatically start the setup program Under any conditions wi...

Страница 72: ...up program appears the following message will appear on the screen SETUP utility will be starting When the system self test is completed the setup program will take over Once you have entered the setup program you will see the following ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2 0 C COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO LTD 1990 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1 SET UP SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 2 PREFORMAT HARD DISK 3 SET UP BUILT I...

Страница 73: ... screen does not match your configuration you have two ways to make modifications You may either highlight selections and press 8 to enter the command or use the left and right arrows to show different options and select from them If you want to exit a current screen you may press Esc or select the exit item of the screen The following are some examples of setup program screens you will see in usi...

Страница 74: ...30 00 3 COPROCESSOR 1 4 BASE MEMORY 640 KB 5 EXTENDED MEMORY 1280 KB 6 DISKETTE DRIVE A 1 2 M DISKETTE DRIVE B NO 7 FIXED DISK TYPE C 40 MFM FIXED DISK TYPE D NO NONE 8 PRIMARY DISPLAY CARD MGA 9 EXIT Figure 3 2 Set Up System Configuration Screen Once you have entered all appropriate information and exited by choosing item 9 you will be asked to confirm that the configuration data are correct If a...

Страница 75: ...w ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2 0 C COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO LTD 1990 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1 SET UP SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 3 SE PREFORMAT HARD DISK 4 SE 1 DRIVE TO PREPORMAT C D C 5 SE 2 INTERLEAVE RATE 1 2 3 3 3 BUILD BAD TRACKS TABLE 0 6 SE 4 BEGIN TO PREFORMAT 9 QU SELECTION 5 CH œ œ CHANGE ITEM 8 8 ACCEPT Figure 3 3 Preformat Hard Disk Screen 16 Chapter 3 Operating Your System ...

Страница 76: ...enabled by the setup pro gram Note that these utilities can be used in the 80 column text display mode only The calculator and the hard disk park can be used if you press Ctrl Alt and 5 on the key pad Pressing Esc will exit these utilities The following is the figure for the calculator Figure 34 Calculator Chapter 3 Operating Your System 17 ...

Страница 77: ...specifica tions you have select item 5 in the setup menu to set a user defined hard disk type 6 Setting Up NEAT Chip Set Choose item 6 in the setup menu to select a chip set configuration The screen will show as below ROM SETUP PROGRAM VERSION 2 0 C COPYRIGHT DATATECH ENTERPRISES CO LTD 1990 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NEAT CHIP SETUP CONFIGURATION 1 SHADOW RAM SYSTEM OFF VIDEO OFF 2 DRAM WAIT STATE ZERO ...

Страница 78: ...Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Страница 79: ...your keyboard and its functions how to adjust your keyboard angles A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer It has QWERTY keys Function keys Cursor control keys A numeric keypad Special keys Keyboard indicator lights Chapter 4 Keyboard 1 ...

Страница 80: ...he most popular are the PC keyboard the PC AT keyboard and the enhanced keyboard Figure 4 1 below illustrates the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard Function Keys Special Keys Keyboard lndicator Lights QWERTY Key Area Cursor Control Numeric Keys Keypad Figure 4 1 Keyboard Layout 2 Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Страница 81: ...e left or at the top of the keyboard Function keys have specially defined uses preassigned by the software you use They are used independently or in combination with other keys Figure 4 2 Function Keys Numeric Keypad This is located on the right of the keyboard At the center of the keypad are nine numeric keys These keys are used to move the cursor as well as to enter numbers when either the Caps ...

Страница 82: ...is activated Activating Num Lock makes 5 operative Activating Num Lock makes 6 operative Otherwise the cursor key is activated Activating Num Lock makes 7 operative Otherwise end moves the cursor to the end of the line it is on Activating Num Lock makes 2 operative Otherwise the cursor key is activated Activating Num Lock makes 3 operative Otherwise page down is activated Activating Num Lock makes...

Страница 83: ...r iunctions are explained as follows Figure 4 4 Indicator tights Caps Lock When this light is on characters are in uppercase mode Num Lock When this light is off the cursor control function of the numeric keypad is disabled and the numeric mode is activated Scroll Lock When this light is on text can be scrolled without moving the cursor Chapter 4 Keyboard 5 ...

Страница 84: ...data on the screen With Scroll Lock activated you can move text vertically in line units Pressing this key halts the current operation pressing it again allows the operation to continue Moves the cursor for corrections but the line is not deleted from memory Skips to new line Used with alphanumeric keys to enter BASIC key words Used with another key to execute a command Table 4 2 Functions of Spec...

Страница 85: ...on Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter Changes lowercase letters to capitals Moves cursor back one space and erases characters Pressing this key activates uppercase letters pressing it again activates lowercase letters Table 4 3 Functions of Special QWERTY Keys Chapter 4 Keyboard 7 ...

Страница 86: ...sed simul taneously Keys Function Both keys used together stop a program while it s running Pressing any key again allows you to continue Both keys used together interrupt a program while it s running and identify line where it stops There three keys reset the system so that the machine is at the RAM test stage Table 4 4 Special Functions 8 Chapter 4 Keyboard ...

Страница 87: ...oard Tilt Adjustment Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled out or pushed in to change the keyboard angles to suit you Figure 4 8 Adjustment of Keyboard Angles Chapter 4 Keyboard 9 ...

Страница 88: ...Troubleshooting ...

Страница 89: ...But if some problems do occur more likely than not you will be able to solve them by referring to this chapter No matter whether you are a new or experienced user you should become familiar with the material in this chapter For detailed explana tions of computer problems and how to solve them you are urged to buy personal computer troubleshooting books from your nearest hardware or software dealer...

Страница 90: ...blem is with software you should probably talk to your software dealer If the problem is with the hardware try to narrow down the source of the problem Is it your disks or disk drives Keyboard Printer Screen If some messages appear on the screen refer to your MS DOS manual for an explanation of the message You may want to write down the message or print it out with the Shift PrtSc key combination ...

Страница 91: ...t because some software programs can only run on the MGA display mode Is the power fuse burned out If you have gone through the above checklist and your system still does not function properly check the following pages Thefollowing instruc tions will help you solve some common problems However you should be aware that other problems might stem from system software applications or other peripherals...

Страница 92: ...t the computer If the problem persists you will need to contact the software dealer from whom you purchased the package He she should replace the package depending on the ser vice contract or have it repaired Hardware error messages These messages are related to the computer s internal components your monitor mouse or printer Hardware problems are usually ones that the user cannot solve alone Prof...

Страница 93: ... the same procedure If the problem persists contact your software dealer System does not boot This can be caused by defective hardware or a faulty system disk Turn off your computer and try again If unsuccessful try using your backup system disk because your working disk may be damaged If the problem persists you might have a hardware problem You should contact the dealer from whom you purchased y...

Страница 94: ...742 controller failure Check Battery Indicates a system backup battery disconnection or power loss RTC Checksum Error Indicates that the system memory refresh function does not work Refresh lndicator Error Indicates that the system memory refresh does not work Base 64K Memory Error Indicates that the system s first 64K memory does not work FDC Error User Check Indicates that the floppy diskette co...

Страница 95: ...inue Indicates that the NMI circuit has detected a RAM parity error System Memory Mismatch Run SETUP Indicates a mismatch of memory size in the CMOS RAM as well as or board You need to run the setup program Display Card Mismatch Run SETUP Indicates a mismatch of a record typed in the CMOS RAM as well as onboard You need to run the setup program Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 7 ...

Страница 96: ...Appendix ...

Страница 97: ... information on moving your computer This manual is not a technical reference manual however this chapter provides some technical information about your system If you need more information you can go to a technical library or bookstore to find technical reference books Chapter 6 Appendix 1 ...

Страница 98: ...our floppy or hard disk drives Be certain to refer to the manuals for both the disk drive and the controller card for any additional specific information In order to begin the installation you should open the system unit case as described on Figure 2 18 Then refer to the two steps for fastening disk drives and connecting cables on following pages However if you want to remove disk drives you would...

Страница 99: ...ollow the procedures below Screw the metal guides to the disk drive as shown below Figure 6 1 Screwing a 5 25 Disk Drive Slide the back end of the disk drive first into the disk drive bay Screw the disk drive to the disk drive bay as shown below Figure 6 2 Fastening 5 25 Disk Drives Chapter 6 Appendix 3 ...

Страница 100: ...d inside the system unit case Refer to the procedures below Screw the lower metal guide to the disk drive as show below Figure 6 3 Screwing a 3 5 Hard Disk Drive Put it in the 3 5 disk drive bay by hanging it on the two hooks which are located on the left side of the 5 25 disk drive bays Fasten it to the chassis by screwing Refer to the figure Figure 6 4 Fastening the 3 5 Hard Disk Drive 4 Chapter...

Страница 101: ...of the four cables from the power supply There is only one possible way to connect with it owing to the shape of its connectors So it is impossible to make a mistake Connect the controller cable One edge of the cable is marked with a color line This specific line side of the connector should be at pin 1 when at tached to the FDC HDC card Pin 1 is clearly marked on the card Refer to the following f...

Страница 102: ...Figure 6 6 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive Figure 6 7 Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card 6 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 103: ...tructions and Figures 6 8 6 9 6 10 and 6 11 for connecting cables Connect the power cable Connect the controller cable Figure 6 8 Controller Cable for the Hard Disk Drive Connect the data cable One edge of the data cable is also marked with a color line To connect it is the same as that for the controller cable But the data cable is smaller than the controller cable Refer to the figure below Figur...

Страница 104: ...Figure 6 10 Connecting a Hard Disk Drive Figure 6 11 Connecting a Hard Disk to an HDC Card 8 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 105: ... on will be 6MHz or l2MHz To switch the speed to 12MHz or 6MHz do the following press and hold down the control Ctrl and alternate Alt keys on the keyboard while you press the minus key If you want to return to the 6MHz mode from 12MHz mode press the same keys you used to enter the 12MHz mode When you enter the 6MHz mode the Turbo LED will turn off Hardware Turbo Switch If the system is in the Tur...

Страница 106: ...e slower EPROMs Your system can support shadow HAM for BIOS and video To enable shadow HAM follow the steps below Hold down the Esc key to enter the setup menu as you turn the power on Select item 6 to enter NEAT Chip Setup Configuration Select item 1 to enable BIOS or video shadow RAM Refer to the BIOS manual for details EMS Driver Setup The mainboard supports LIM 4 0 EMS To set up the EMS driver...

Страница 107: ...installation The next screen will be as below if you continue setup Enter the path name for the location of NEMM SYS Press Esc key to quit any other key to continue installation Indicate the path name where NEMM SYS is to be located If you want the program to create a directory with the default name NEMS on your hard drive press the Enter key Otherwise type in the path and directory name of your c...

Страница 108: ...s F1 to complete setup You will get a warning if you give an incorrect response For example if you give D000H as your frame start segment and shadow RAM in the same area the following message will appear DTK NEAT EMS hardware configuration setup Select the option you want for each item PAGE REGISTER I O 0 BASE ADDRESS Fl accept Esc œ œ 0 C000H C400H C800H CC00H 1 C400H C800H CC00H D000H 2 C800H CC...

Страница 109: ...he system Reboot your system The screen will look like this DTK NEAT Expanded Memory Manager Ver 1 10 1990 C Copyright Datatech Enterprise Co Ltd All Rights Reserved 11060790 User specified PAGE PORT 208H User specified PAGE FRAME D000H Test Expanded Memory Page 128 There are 128 PAGES for EMS NEMM SYS has been installed Chapter 6 Appendix 13 ...

Страница 110: ...mory Using three or four SIMM banks 2 3 Table 6 1 JP1 JP6 Banks Selection Jumper JP7 Battery External Onboard Table 6 2 JP7 Battery Selection Jumper JP8 Video Selection Monochrome Color Table 6 3 JP8 Display Mode Selection Jumper JP9 Function Power Fail Detect Circuit Active External Power Good Function Active Table 6 4 JP9 Power Good Selection 14 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 111: ...J1 Speaker J2 Keylock J3 Turbo LED J4 Hardware Reset J5 Turbo Switch J6 Enable Four Size AA Batteries J7 Keyboard Connector J8 Power Connector Chapter 6 Appendix 15 ...

Страница 112: ...nto flop py disks Enter the DOS system program and invoke the PARK com mand This command will lock up your hard disk to protect it from damage while the computer is being moved Turn off all power switches Insert the cardboard diskette s supplied with the system unit into the disk drive s and close the disk drive levers Detach all cables and cords Next coil and tie them to protect the connectors Mo...

Страница 113: ...s larger than physical address the use of a virtual address that does not map to a physical address location will cause a restartable interrupt This mode uses 32 bit pointers that consist of a 16 bit selector and offset components The selector specifies an index into a memory resident table and the 24 bit base address of the desired segment is obtained from the memory table A 16 bit offset is adde...

Страница 114: ...wrap around the end of a segment not using the full 64KB The unused end of the segment may be overlaid by another segment to reduce physical memory requirements System Timers The system has three programmable timer counters controlled by the Intel 8254 2 chip These are channels 0 through 2 defined as follows Channel 0 GATE 0 CLK IN 0 CLK OUT 0 Table 6 5 Channel 0 System Timer TIED ON 1 190MHz OSC ...

Страница 115: ...rrupt level assignments in decreasing priority Level Microprocessor NMI Interrupt Controllers CTLR1 IRQ0 IRQ 1 IRQ2 IRQ3 IRQ 4 IRQ5 IRQ6 IRQ7 CTLR2 IRQ8 IRQ9 IRQ 10 IRQ 11 IRQ 12 IRQ 13 IRQ 14 IRQ 15 Function Parity or I O Channel Check Timer Output 0 Keyboard Output Buffer Full Interrupt from CTLR 2 Realtime Clock Interrupt Software Redirected to INT OAH IRQ2 Reserved Reserved Reserved Coprocesso...

Страница 116: ...m RAM Subsystem The RAM subsystem starts at address hex 000000 of the 16M address space It consists of either 640KB or 1MB in the form of 256K or 64K by l bit RAM modules Memory refresh forces one memory cycle every 15 microseconds through channel 1 of the timer counter The following functions are performed by the RAM initialization program Write operation to any memory location Initialization of ...

Страница 117: ...nsfers of 8 bit data 8 bit I O adapters and 8 bit or 16 bit system memory are supported by these channels Each of these channels will transfer in 64KB blocks throughout the 16 megabyte system address space Channels 4 through 7 are contained in DMA controller 2 To cascade channels 0 through 3 to the microprocessor use channel 4 Transfers of 16 bit data between 16 bit adapters and 16 bit system memo...

Страница 118: ...Through 0 Note To generate the addressing signal byte high enable BHE invert address line A0 Table 6 12 DMA Channels 7 Through 5 Note The BHE and A0 addressing signals are forced to a logical 0 DMA channel addresses do not increase or decrease through page boundaries 64KB for channels 0 through 3 and 128KB for channels 5 through 7 22 Chapter 6 Appendix ...

Страница 119: ...bit memory addresses 16MB I O wait state generation I O address space hex 100 to hex 3FF Open bus Structure allowing multiple micro processors to share the system s resources including memory DMA channels The pinouts of the expansion bus I O channels are shown as below and on the next page Figure 6 12 B A 62 Pin Expansion Bus l O Channels Chapter 6 Appendix 23 ...

Страница 120: ...ports The busy signal sent by the processor forces the microprocessor to wait until the coproces sor is finished executing The following describes the math coprocessor controls 0F0 The latched math coprocessor busy signal can be cleared with an 8 bit out command to port F0 The coprocessor will latch busy if it asserts its error signal Data output should be zero OF1 The math coprocessor will reset ...

Страница 121: ...Glossary ...

Страница 122: ...there will be an address conflict ASCll This is an acronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange The ASCII code includes both control and graphic characters and is used for exchang ing information between data processing systems data communication systems and related equipment asynchronous communication A type of information vehicle whereby data can be trans mitted at any time...

Страница 123: ...is 32 bit this means the data travels at least twice as fast as data on a 16 bit data bus byte A group of data units forming a single unit of data There are eight bits in a single byte clock processing speed This measurement usually given in MHz megahertz tells how fast the microprocessor in your computer hand les data The higher the number the faster your com puter CPU Central Processing Unit Als...

Страница 124: ...file and the dates they were created and up dated It is always good to organize all the related files in the same directory diskette This refers to removable data storage disks sometimes also called floppies or floppy disks Diskettes generally come in two sizes 5 25 and 3 5 disk drive A device that stores and retrieves data display The information graphics visible on the monitor screen DOS Disk Op...

Страница 125: ...ts a filename and an extension In DOS filenames are from one to eight characters long An extension starts with a period has three characters and follows immediately after the filename fixed or hard disk This is a non removable disk used for storage of large volumes of data format The arrangement of data on a magnetic disk Format also means to prepare a disk hardware All physical components of a co...

Страница 126: ...iven to a memory loca tion microprocessor This is an integrated circuit that receives coded instruc tions for execution It is also referred to as a CPU modem A modem lets your computer communicate with other computers over telephone lines motherboard It is the main printed circuit board in the system case It is also known as a mainboard or systemboard MS DOS The Microsoft Disk Operating System Thi...

Страница 127: ... drive letter peripheral Output devices which are driven by the computer port A communication channel between a computer and its peripheral components printed circuit board An electronic circuit board sandwiched between fiberglass plates program A series of instructions that command the computer to perform certain tasks prompt A screen message or position of the cursor at the begin ning of a line ...

Страница 128: ...eful read ing of this section will help you to ensure the long life and troublefree operation of your computer software Computer programs such as a word processor operating system or programming languages synchronous transmission Syncopated transmission of signals between devices Turbo High speed virtual disk Also referred to as a RAM disk this is a portion of memory used to simulate a hard disk w...

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