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Notices

Copyright

All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be
copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Delta-T
Devices Limited. Under the law, copying includes translation into
another language.

Copyright © 1996, Delta-T Devices Limited.

SunData software and canopy theory are Copyright © 1996 John Wood,
Peak Design, Wensley Road, Winster, Derbyshire, U.K.

Acknowledgements

Extracts and illustrations from the Psion Workabout documentation are
Copyright © 1995 Psion PLC, and are reprinted here by kind permission
of Psion PLC.

Trademarks

Psion and the Psion logo are registered trademarks, and Psion
Work

about

, 3Link, SSD and Solid State Disk are trademarks of Psion

PLC.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
All other trademarks are acknowledged. Some names referred to are
registered trademarks.

CE conformity

The SunScan system conforms to EU regulations regarding
electromagnetic emissions and susceptibility.
The Psion Workabout and its accessories are CE marked by Psion PLC.
The SunScan probe is CE marked by Delta-T Devices Ltd.

Warnings

To maintain conformance to CE standards, the equipment must be used
as described in this manual and in the Psion Workabout User Guide.
Modifications to the equipment may invalidate CE certifications.

Delta-T Devices Ltd reserves the right to change the designs and
specifications of its products at any time without prior notice. The
information in this document is subject to change without notice.

Authors

Edmund Potter, John Wood, Chris Nicholl

Version 1.05 December 1996

Delta-T Devices Ltd

128 Low Road, Burwell, Cambridge, England, U.K.

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Содержание SS1-UM-1.05

Страница 1: ...SunScan Canopy Analysis System User Manual SS1 UM 1 05...

Страница 2: ...a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp All other trademarks are acknowledged Some names referred to are registered trademarks CE conformity The SunScan system conforms to EU regulations regarding el...

Страница 3: ...this tutorial 14 What you will learn 14 Using a portable PC instead of the Workabout 14 Working with the Workabout 14 Powering up 14 Navigating around the Workabout 14 What to do if you get lost 15 St...

Страница 4: ...ons 43 Planning for the sun s position 43 Advice on Absorption and ELADP values 44 Absorption 44 ELADP 44 Relationship between Mean Leaf Angle and ELADP 45 SunScan System Measurement modes 46 Workabou...

Страница 5: ...Collection Terminal type DCT1 Psion Workabout 70 PC as Data Collection device 70 Carrying Case type SCC1 71 Telescopic Tripod type BFT1 71 Spares Kit type SPS1 71 Logging Cables 71 PAR Performance 72...

Страница 6: ...r experiments and taking readings in the field The remainder of the manual covers such things as the theoretical basis for leaf area index estimates and a technical reference section As a new user you...

Страница 7: ...t is a lightweight robust field unit with a full alphabetic keyboard for the annotation of readings It comes with a removable Flashcard which can be used for data storage and transfer You can use a po...

Страница 8: ...reliminary checks as quickly as possible so explanations will be kept to a minimum The Workabout and SunScan probe Step 1 Getting a screen display Unwrap the Workabout The screen should be blank Press...

Страница 9: ...will go blank Checking the Workabout hardware You should now refer the Psion Workabout User Guide chapters 1 and 2 and start familiarising yourself with the basic operation of the Psion you will need...

Страница 10: ...ial if you need to restore s w lost from the Workabout unless you have purchased the optional PsiWin Windows s w and of course they give you alternative methods of transferring data files from the Wor...

Страница 11: ...ab key to select either Color or Monochrome then press to expose the first working screen see below You will not see this starting plaque again but you will always be able to choose your screen mode f...

Страница 12: ...ions in the PC s w If you got lost in any of the above instructions try again using the following general principles for moving around the screen a Select an option by moving the highlighted cursor to...

Страница 13: ...tory name for the Working Directory and SUNDATA ICO for the Icon File Program Manager will then display the SunScan Icon Later on you can refine this arrangement and call the program from a data direc...

Страница 14: ...d Read the sections with the PC logo in the margin Instructions for you to follow are bulleted like this one Working with the Workabout Powering up If you haven t already done this in the Getting Star...

Страница 15: ...emember is that you can get out of any menu by pressing On Esc and out of any application by pressing X This should get you back to the Psion System Screen as shown above If things get really stuck yo...

Страница 16: ...ove to the External Sensor field select the BFS option it will be emulated too Move to the OK field and press Enter or The menu line at the bottom of the screen will now show only the CONTINUE option...

Страница 17: ...SunScan User Manual v 1 05 SunScan Tutorial 17 This page is intentionally blank...

Страница 18: ...by pressing Del and typing in the appropriate values When everything is correct to accept it Press Menu again then select Time Date and press Enter Now set the local time and date in the dialog box Y...

Страница 19: ...ories Since you are just about to start taking readings you also need to tell SunData the name of the file you want to use for storing the data and what file format you want the readings to be stored...

Страница 20: ...o select DISCARD before pressing Enter in which case the reading will not be stored and optionally Use the arrow keys to select NOTE before pressing Enter so that you can add a note to the reading bef...

Страница 21: ...or SunData still needs measurements of the Incident PAR and the Beam Fraction so you have to make them using the SunScan probe itself We ll go into the details of this procedure later on once you have...

Страница 22: ...without constantly having to look at the Workabout one beep for READ a double beep for STORE If you hate beeps they can be turned off later Connecting the Beam Fraction Sensor If you have got a Beam F...

Страница 23: ...ht as well SunData looks at the readings from the photodiodes and uses the lowest value to calculate the Diffuse component of the incident light It uses the highest photodiode values to calculate the...

Страница 24: ...taken a few readings you may want to look back over the results before you transfer your data file to a PC To review your file Press Menu File Review Enter or V to call up the dialog box as shown You...

Страница 25: ...the utility programs referred to in the appendices Of course if you are using a portable PC as a Data Collection Terminal instead of the Workabout your data files will already be on the hard disk and...

Страница 26: ...about Don t worry about over writing an existing file you will be warned if this is about to happen You can quit this process at any stage by pressing Esc on your PC or by selecting Cancel and When sa...

Страница 27: ...imultaneously with the sending message on the Workabout you will see the file being written on the PC screen and a final confirmatory message that the file has been sent correctly if all was well Pres...

Страница 28: ...uble checking the physical connection of the comms cable and the COM port setting of your PC Preferably work in DOS only The above instructions have worked successfully on a variety of portable and de...

Страница 29: ...e these screens are only required if you are measuring Leaf Area Index LAI and you do not have a Beam Fraction sensor attached to the probe Note screen display and data stored will be different from t...

Страница 30: ...Name Use or press Tab to display a list of possible CFG files from which to restore Disk see above Review Name View data file on the Workabout screen Prompts with current data file name Select other...

Страница 31: ...n Calculate and reset the individual photodiode calibration coefficients using the Beam Fraction sensor as a reference Autolog setup screen SunScan will operate unattended in whatever mode has been se...

Страница 32: ...32 Menus and Screens Document code SS1 UM 1 05 Quit Exit the SunData program...

Страница 33: ...r the general rules for moving around Psion screens The cursor inverse video highlights an available option Move the cursor with the yellow arrow keys to select options Press Enter to accept an option...

Страница 34: ...then the yellow arrow keys to select Disk Directory and then press Enter This symbol indicates the parent directory To move there select it and press Enter This shows the Disk and subdirectory you are...

Страница 35: ...e dialog box are satisfactory press Enter to accept them The Sundata icon should now be present in the System screen The identical process can be used subsequently for installing an upgraded version o...

Страница 36: ...es for each reading The optional 1 Mb Flashcard can accommodate about four times these amounts You can check the available memory space on your Flashcard from the Psion system menus as indicated in th...

Страница 37: ...to create a new file or select one of the existing files which will then be overwritten Restoring a configuration In the SunData program on the Workabout proceed to Menu File RestoreConfig n Press or...

Страница 38: ...emulator Ext sensor BFS Leaf Angle Distn Parameter 1 5 Leaf Absorption 0 85 Group 1 Presentation Time Plot Sample Trans Spread Incid Beam Zenith LAI Notes mitted ent frac Angle 15 51 12 1 1 270 9 0 13...

Страница 39: ...nt combinations of equipment BFS or not and measurement LAI or PAR or All that you have chosen Each time there is a change the headings and titles will be revised to start a new group and give you a c...

Страница 40: ......

Страница 41: ...connected to the SunScan probe provides the best option because you can operate with fewest restrictions However with some canopy types this may not be practical The next best option is to use the Su...

Страница 42: ...f whether it is applicable to your canopy You should read the chapter on the LAI theory for a fuller appreciation of the subject Some guidance on specifying values for the typical leaf angle the ELADP...

Страница 43: ...bsolute Preferably above about 200 mol m 2 s 1 Accuracy degrades below this figure Light level rate of change With the BFS avoid only the very fastest changes between bright sun and cloud With no BFS...

Страница 44: ...f an ellipsoid of revolution symmetrical about the vertical axis The Leaf Angle Distribution can then be described by a single parameter the ratio of the Horizontal to Vertical axes of the Ellipsoid E...

Страница 45: ...ves Nv multiplied by 2 1 6 ELADP N N h v 2 The factor 2 comes from the fact that the vertical leaves are distributed about the vertical axis so for any light ray some will be seen face on and some edg...

Страница 46: ...s mode With Beam Fraction sensor With no BFS PAR display This display is most often used for simple light interception measurements which can later be processed to give values of the fractional interc...

Страница 47: ...the Autolog process From time to time when a reading is logged the screen will briefly show a Logging in progress message At any time if you want to check the status of the Autolog press On Esc to ac...

Страница 48: ...PAR or All This section helps with practical comments and advice The probe GO button The red button on the probe handle allows you to initiate and store repetitive readings from the probe without nee...

Страница 49: ...terminal case and strap supplied with the Workabout should enable you to operate the keyboard with one hand BFS handling in the field The Beam Fraction sensor is definitely recommended for taking mos...

Страница 50: ...ing the elevation Levelling the BFS The BFS is equipped with a miniature bubble level The tripod supplied has 3 axis adjustment to facilitate levelling It is more important to level the BFS accurately...

Страница 51: ...and after taking a lot of readings Mount the SunScan probe and your BFS horizontally in uniform sunlight Place the shade ring horizontal as well Make sure the probe and BFS diffusers are clean In the...

Страница 52: ...gs In completely overcast conditions it might contribute a small error of up to 0 1 to the LAI value Comparing the calibration with other PAR sensors You can carry out matching comparisons between the...

Страница 53: ...urvive being immersed in water Avoid any situation where they could be flooded Internal condensation will be avoided provided that you keep the desiccant fresh Inspect the coloured indicator panels on...

Страница 54: ...e distribution a point which has not generally been recognised These functions are integrals which do not have direct analytical solutions so have to be solved numerically and computable functions fit...

Страница 55: ...for your canopy With these caveats the values of LAI for your canopy even if of uncertain accuracy will provide valid trends for a given canopy e g canopy growth in a season and valid comparisons bet...

Страница 56: ...ith angle of the incoming direct beam Canopy elements are assumed to be completely black and randomly distributed in a horizontal slab extending to infinity in all directions Note in the following equ...

Страница 57: ...on a horizontal surface due to that strip is given by I 0 2 sin cos d The total irradiance due to the hemisphere is obtained by integrating over the complete sky area d 0 2 2 sin cos 1 For each strip...

Страница 58: ...ssumptions The canopy is an infinite uniform horizontal slab with leaf elements randomly distributed in proportion to the surface area of an ellipsoid as described by Campbell The incident light consi...

Страница 59: ...incident Diffuse light and the sum of re emitted light from all other layers attenuated by the intervening layers This is done for both downwelling and upwelling Diffuse light A fraction of the Diffu...

Страница 60: ...to 1000 Diffuse light hemispherical response sensor The previous analysis of diffuse light transmission is appropriate for a cosine corrected sensor as it only considers the vertical component of the...

Страница 61: ...he amount of light absorbed by a layer assuming completely black leaves was calculated The fraction of this absorbed light re emitted by the leaves was then assumed to be re emitted in all directions...

Страница 62: ...terative solution is fairly straightforward given the computing power and is much simpler than the full numerical solution Calculating zenith angles Zenith angles are calculated from latitude longitud...

Страница 63: ...Agric For Meteorol 35 83 101 Marshall B and Woodward F I eds 1985 Instrumentation for Environmental Physiology SEB Seminar series 22 CUP Monteith J L Unsworth M H 1990 Principles of Environmental Phy...

Страница 64: ...are low When this happens replace them as soon as you can If you get a 0 mV reading the probe has not been read Take a light reading and try B again Probe battery life With a fresh set of batteries in...

Страница 65: ...f these with you if there is any chance that your Ni Cd will become exhausted when no mains power is available for recharging Warning Don t leave the Workabout without a main battery for more than a d...

Страница 66: ...AR circuits of the Beam Fraction sensor and SunScan probe are very stable and are not expected to change for the lifetime of the instrument Circuit adjustment facilities in the Beam Fraction sensor ar...

Страница 67: ...th insufficient memory or insufficient system resources message Close any other applications that are running Delete any unnecessary data files stored on the Internal drive From the system screen sele...

Страница 68: ...ls When transferring files to a PC data is transferred but there are repeated checksum or device IO errors Reboot your PC and start again See the advice on RS232 communications in the SunScan Tutorial...

Страница 69: ...lt its symptoms or error messages what components of the SunScan system you are using details of any PC you are using software version numbers and hardware serial numbers see below SunScan circuit sch...

Страница 70: ...xtension cables 10 m 25 m 50 m Mounting 1 4 inch Whitworth tripod socket Environmental protected to IP65 0 60 C working temperature Size 160 x 80 x 65 mm excluding shade ring Power Provided from SunSc...

Страница 71: ...eight 1 73 m Closed length 0 68 m Weight 2 5 kg Spares Kit type SPS1 A detailed list of parts can be supplied on request The kit includes electrical components which might be subject to breakdown by e...

Страница 72: ...towards the red end of the spectrum but this is compensated for by the sharp cut off at 670 nm In practice we have found that these sensors read to within a few percent of an accurate PAR sensor in na...

Страница 73: ...studies will be looking at the ratio of incident and transmitted light and the graph shows the SunScan and Beam Fraction sensor are very closely matched in their cosine and spectral responses so the s...

Страница 74: ...e following functionality Core Function Logger Connection orange V Power supply positive Sensor power positive switched for warm up green 0V Power supply negative Sensor power negative 0V brown HI Sig...

Страница 75: ...ositive Sensor power positive switched for warm up green 0V Power supply negative Sensor power negative 0V brown HI Total PAR signal output positive Input channel for Total PAR grey LO Common signal o...

Страница 76: ...Psion must be copied across to the Workabout and the application installed To do this you will need to use the SLINK or RCOM file transfer utilities or the PsiWin program if you have it Once you have...

Страница 77: ...or Delta T if you wish to purchase a copy The Workabout Remote Link We give you below some notes on using each of these programs In every case you must set the Workabout s Remote Link on Access this...

Страница 78: ...nsfer program on your PC Close down the Remote Link on the Workabout Example using SLINK SLINK lets you initiate all the file transfer commands from the Workabout s screens and menus Consult the earli...

Страница 79: ...Enter to accept when you are happy with all the details The Workabout will warn you if you have chosen a filename that already exists and offer you various options Otherwise it will proceed and brief...

Страница 80: ...ate it as follows C SUNSCAN COMMS I I md sun Check the new subdirectory now exists I dir Then type I copy c sunscan psion I sun This copies both the SunData program sundata app and sys 8087 ldd which...

Страница 81: ...ile You should see this appear on the communications program screen You can stop the transfer by pressing On Esc on the Workabout or Ctrl X in the communications program After the file has been sent t...

Страница 82: ...regardless of whether a SunScan probe is connected Useful for learning to use the software GMT Greenwich Mean Time also called Universal Time UT The standard time used for astronomical measurements an...

Страница 83: ...R within and below a canopy PRN a text file format intended for directly printable output Spread a measure of the relative variation in light intensity along the SunScan probe It is calculated as the...

Страница 84: ...Comms Test 31 Communication program 79 Communications checks 12 Communications failed 15 21 Compass 47 Configuration files 35 Connect 12 Constants 18 30 Continue 16 Copyright 2 53 Cosine response 71 8...

Страница 85: ...f Workabout 14 16 25 portable 7 37 PC software 16 Photodiodes 21 44 Plot name 31 PRN files 37 81 Problem reports 67 Protection moisture 51 Psion Logo screen 33 subdirectories 33 System screen 8 14 33...

Страница 86: ...ities 41 Utils 31 V Version numbers 67 W Warnings field use 39 46 48 50 51 58 64 general 2 54 73 hardware 50 62 63 software 8 10 15 32 34 35 45 75 Weather preferred 41 Windows running SunData 13 Wood...

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