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and output of the result. If the number of values reaches the specified max-
imum, the data series is then full and a new value from the source then
overwrites the oldest value.
A device reboot or a configuration change deletes all the accumulated val-
ues.
Block averaging
: This option provides two methods of averaging:
l
Arithmetic average
: The arithmetic average, also called the mean, is the sum
of all values of a data series divided by the number of values.
l
Vector average
: The vector average is the average for a unit circle. The
method is used, for example, for mass flow rates in air conditioning engin-
eering.
Edge triggering
(only with block averaging): The configured average type
is calculated at the time of the trigger event for all values of the data series
that have accumulated between two trigger events. The result is output fol-
lowing calculation.
Level triggering
(only with block averaging): When a level moves from an
active to inactive state, the average is calculated from the values accu-
mulated during the active level period.
Generate intermediate values
(only with block averaging): When
enabled, the results between the trigger events are immediately output
after calculation (with each new source value).
Refer also to
.
4.11.14
PID controller
The PID controller channels enable the continuous control of a process vari-
able. Available controllers are P, I, PI and PID. Additional settings are also
available, e.g. dead zone, manipulated variable limit etc.
4.11.14.1
Introduction to control technology
This Section gives you an introduction to control technology in order to
help you understand the PID controller.
Designations
Control loop variables
w – reference variable. Process variable setpoint or target value.
y – manipulated variable. Controller output value.
x – control variable. Process variable to be controlled. .
xd – control difference or control deviation. Xd = W –X
z – interference variable. Interference influence on process variable by
process.
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