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CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES)

4.

TOOL RADIUS CORRECTION

The Z32 NC allows to program directly the finished workpiece profile, and automatically executes all necessary
profile modifications as a function of the effective tool radius.
It is clear that the actual tool path will be different from the programmed profile, because of the corrections to be
made in order to execute the profile with a tool having a not-null radius.
In the figure, the tool center path corresponding to the programmed profile (1…6) is shown.

Please note the following:

−

internal edges may not be machined due to tool radius (areas ‘X’)

−

some fillets are automatically inserted (not programmed in the original profile) around external edges

(B and D)

−

some programmed segments have been eliminated because they cannot be machined with the

programmed tool radius (segment 5)

Generally, if the tool radius correction is activated in a program (with G41/G42), the Z32 NC executes a series of
operations on each element of the programmed profile, in order to transform it in the tool center path.
These operations may bring to the elimination of some profile elements because they cannot be machined with the
tool radius. The possibility to eliminate some profile elements imposes the NC to “explore” in advance the
trajectory, searching elements which cannot be machined.

The

G109

function allows to determine how many elements are explored in advance in this search:

G109A

three elements (active at reset)

G109B

four

elements

G109C

five

elements

G109D

six

elements

G109E

seven

elements

41

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Содержание CNC Z32 Florenz Series

Страница 1: ...of this manual can be duplicated or delivered to third parties for an usage not corresponding to that indicated All information here contained have been accurately checked to be exact and reliable but D Electron doesn t assume any responsibility for possible inaccuracies D Electron reserves the right to make all modifications necessary to improve the performance and reliability of its products D E...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...2 G3 16 2 12 1 Rapid movement G0 17 2 12 2 Linear interpolation G1 18 2 12 3 Circular interpolation G2 G3 19 2 12 4 Helical interpolation G12 G13 22 2 13 INCREMENTAL COORDINATES PROGRAMMING G90 G91 23 2 14 MIRRORING ROTATION TRANSLATION SCALE FACTOR 24 2 14 1 Mirroring on the working plane G56 G55 24 2 14 2 Machining rotation IR JR QR 26 2 14 3 Machining translation DA DB 27 2 14 4 Scale factor 28...

Страница 4: ...rogram with two labels GOP N N 61 5 3 CONDITIONING BLOCKS OF PROGRAMS IF 62 5 4 PROGRAM BLOCK REPETITION DO LOOP 64 5 4 1 Specifying the repetition number LOOP N 64 5 4 2 Repetition condition 64 5 4 3 Anticipated exit condition DO LOOP EXIT DO 65 5 5 WRITING CMOS PROGRAMS DEFINE P 66 5 6 WRITING A TEMPORARY SUBPROGRAM SUBTEMP DEFINE S 66 6 Z32 FIXED CYCLES AND MACROS 68 6 1 Z32 FIXED CYCLES G881 G...

Страница 5: ...t contain a detailed description of all functionalities available focusing only on the most common and useful for the programming of lathe machines For a complete and detailed description of all functionalities available in the Z32 numerical control please consult Programming Manual M96 This manual is valid for SIS xxx xx version or later 1 ...

Страница 6: ...y Tool parameters Upon reset all parameter values contained in the active tool description are assigned The active tool is the tool actually inserted on the spindle If the tool parameters contain technological parameters like parameter F feed or parameter S speed these values are set at reset with the corresponding values in the tool table Parameters normally contained in the tool description are ...

Страница 7: ... with a point or a comma It is possible to insert some space characters between the letter N and the number As an example it is possible to write N100 N 100 2 N100 34 The only limitation is the total number of numeric characters before and after the decimal delimiter which cannot be more than 9 characters Line number as jump destination The line number may be used as jump destination in the logic ...

Страница 8: ...32 must be prepared The value following the G letter must always be a numeric value CANNOT be an expression result Only some G functions i e only some numeric values are interpreted and executed from Z32 If a not implemented G function is programmed Z32 issues the related alarm The functions are those contained in the ISO regulations with some adaptations In particular The initial zero digits of G...

Страница 9: ...nt digits The S function doesn t activate the spindle rotation activated through the auxiliary functions M3 or M4 Programmed after G97 it defines the spindle rotational speed in rpm G97 is active upon reset and it is thus the normal mode if not otherwise specified Programmed after G96 it sets the mode Constant cutting speed This is a typical functionality of lathes the spindle rotational speed is ...

Страница 10: ...indle stop It stops also the coolants M6 Tool change Requests the mounting of last programmed T in the same or preceding blocks on the spindle It also stops spindle and coolants After the M6 execution the NC takes into account the description of the tool mounted on the spindle updating accordingly all parameters M7 coolant 1 delivery Requests delivery of coolant 1 M8 coolant 2 delivery Requests de...

Страница 11: ...urther details please consult the machine tool builder 2 5 End of program and end of subprogram M2 G26 The end of program instruction is the M2 code When the Z32 control decodes the M2 instruction the execution will be terminated The G26 instructions represents the end of a subprogram When the Z32 control decodes the G26 instruction the execution of the actual subprogram is aborted and the executi...

Страница 12: ...ollows programming of letter O name of desired axis number of the origin to be recalled 1 to 9 Example OZ1 OX1 activates origin 1 on axes X and Z OX2 OZ2 activates origin 2 on axes X and Z OZ3 activates origin 3 on the Z axis leaving unchanged the origins on all other axes Note It is possible to program origins from 1 OX1 OZ1 to 9 OX9 OZ9 Two digits values for example 0x10 are not allowed If the o...

Страница 13: ...sse Z programmando OZ2 Dopo la programmazione di OZ2 il punto B avrà coordinate Z0 X350 A OZ1 OX1 X Z 80 350 B OZ2 Note The supplementary origins are stored in the NC CMOS memory Depending on the process the origins belong the files are the following Process 0 1 2 3 4 5 Origin file 126 123 120 117 114 111 In the machines with a single process the file containing the origins is the file 126 the fil...

Страница 14: ...he process the tool tables belong the files are the following Process 0 1 2 3 4 5 Tool table 127 124 121 118 115 112 In the machines with a single process the file containing the tool descriptions is the file 127 the file related to process 0 The syntax of a tool table file is as follows T1P127 TL T1 1R0 4LX 121 230LZ 74 21 T2 2LX 124 354LZ 112 345R0 TRUNCATING TOOL The file starts with the tool a...

Страница 15: ...for all tools Only in this way it is possible to store congruent tool corrections for all tools For example it is possible to choose the tool spindle as reference point LX LZ 2 8 1 Position of the theoretical tool tip The theoretical tool tip is the point defined by the length LX and LZ and it is considered the tool zeroing point The position of the tool tip follows the diagram shown below X Z 1 3...

Страница 16: ...nts or radiuses it is no more possible to not consider the position of the tool tip and its radius In these cases the theoretical tool tip must follow a path different from that programmed Z X 1 Nell esempio al lato vengono mostrati il profilo desiderato e il percorso eseguito dal centro dell utensile Si noti che nei tratti inclinati e nelle raggiature la punta teorica dell utensile non giace sul ...

Страница 17: ...e tool radius R The actual tool radius used by the CNC for example in profiles with radius correction is the following R DDR Note The LX tool length is always expressed al radial value and not as diameter value The same applies to the DLX correction The DLX DLZ and DDR values are always absolute values The corrections may be cleared by setting the parameters to zero Example N10 T1M6 tool with LX12...

Страница 18: ...e factors are suspended in order to reference all movements to the base origin After programming the G53 function all movements are related to the base origin origin 0 The restoring of corrections due to supplementary origins and tool length happens by programming the G54 function After programming the G54 function the situation of origins lengths roto translations mirroring and scale factors exis...

Страница 19: ...inate the second axis G2 executes a clockwise interpolation while G3 a counterclockwise interpolation X Z G3 G2 G2 G2 G2 G3 G25ZX G25XZ X Z G3 G2 Note At power on and after each program start the working plane defined by the machine tool builder setup is activated Normally on a lathe the plane G25ZX is defined Warning It is possible to define a third axis in the G25 programming The third axis is n...

Страница 20: ...ll be in G0 mode unless a different move type will be programmed Example behavior with MODAL G movement functions G0 X150 G0 movement Z5 G0 movement X105 G0 movement G1 X100 G1 movement Z 100 G1 movement X140 G1 movement It is possible to define a different machine behavior through the setup setting all G movement functions as NOT MODAL In this case all movement without an explicit G function indi...

Страница 21: ...y one axis is programmed the movement is aligned along the programmed axis Z X 200 G0 X220 G0 Z10 The G0 velocity is defined in the setup The G0 function can be modal or not depending on machine setup If the function is modal after the first positioning in G0 mode all successive positioning without explicit specification of G0 will be also executed in G0 mode If the function is not modal all movem...

Страница 22: ...rogrammed axes arrive together to the programmed point The velocity in G1 mode is defined through the programmed feed address F It is possible to program the tool feed F parameter also on the same line containing the G1 movement If only one axis is programmed the movement is aligned along the programmed axis Z X 200 T1 M6 OZ1 OX1 G96 S100 MS2000 M3 G95 F0 3 G0 X10 Z5 G1 Z0 G1 X200 G1 Z 200 G0 X205...

Страница 23: ...uati con X negative linea tratteggiata per il caso di torrette posteriori A G2 G3 movement is specified with the following syntax G2 I J Z X F or G3 I J Z X F I indicates the Z coordinate of the arc center expressed as absolute non incremental value J indicates the X coordinate of the arc center expressed as absolute non incremental value Z is the final position along Z reached at the end of the i...

Страница 24: ...d used for the interpolation If not programmed the last programmed value remain valid With the additional parameter KA1 it is possible to specify if the circular arc is greater than 180 Example Z 70 250 R100 570 R100 X 400 700 370 T1 M6 OZ1 OX1 G96 S100 MS2000 M3 G95 F0 3 G0 X410 Z5 G1 Z0 X400 G1 X 70 G3 Z 250 X400 RA100 G1 Z 370 G2 Z 570 X400 RA100 G1 Z 700 M2 Z 70 250 570 R100 X 400 700 370 R100...

Страница 25: ...on feature of the CNC described in the appropriate chapter of this manual is not used the programmed profile must be corrected in order to obtain the desired machining on the workpiece Example T1 M6 OZ1 OX1 G96 S100 MS2000 M3 G95 F0 3 G0 X440 Z5 G1 Z0 X440 G1 Z 220 4 G2 Z 350 X699 2 RA129 6 G1 X700 G1 Z 600 G0 X705 M2 2 12 4 21 ...

Страница 26: ...ted segments Warning If a segment shortened or deleted due to the radius correction contains a movement on the third axis this movement will be completely executed together with the next valid movement Because the function G12 poses some limitations slope radius correction etc it is a good programming practice to program it only when necessary and disable it G13 when not The helical interpolation ...

Страница 27: ...ogram HX1000 In the normal practice it is common to program HX1000 G91 The G91 function is modal and can be deactivated by programming G90 Warning The incremental programming is only referred to the end positions of the movements The circle center programming is always considered as absolute independently from the G91 programming Example X Z 40 35 20 15 15 15 Warning The HX parameter must be progr...

Страница 28: ...56 activates mirroring G0 X50 Z2 G1 Z0 X100 Z 80 X140 Z 90 G55 disables mirroring G0 X 145 M2 Z X 100 140 80 The mirroring may be used to mirror a machining along any axis The programmed machining is transformed in the mirror figure with respect to the mirroring axis defined by the point of coordinates IS JS and by the slope QS The mirroring must be enabled with the G56 modal function followed by ...

Страница 29: ...CNC Z32 Programming Guide LATHES 2 14 2 25 ...

Страница 30: ...enter coordinate related to the first axis of contouring plane while JR is the rotation center coordinate related to the second axis Warning The coordinate of the JR point must be expressed as radial position also if the diameter programming is active The syntax to activate the rotation is thus the following QR IR JR The rotation may be deactivated by only programming to zero the QR parameter but ...

Страница 31: ...e DA translates the machining along Z axis DB translates the machining along X axis The translation activation happens automatically after programming the DA or DB parameters At Reset DA 0 DB 0 all translations are canceled Warning The DB translation must be expressed as radial position also if the diameter programming is active Example T4 M6 OZ1 OX1 G96 S30 MS2000 M3 G95 F1 G0 X5 Z1 G1 Z 1 X9 Z 1...

Страница 32: ...ors of the programmed positions multiplicative factor on a single axis KM axis name additive factor on a single axis KD axis name Example KMX 1 2 scale factor of 1 2 only on X axis KDZ 10 additive factor of 10 only on Z axis The additive and multiplicative factors are automatically applied after programming the parameters KM and KD At reset all effects related to these parameters are canceled Warn...

Страница 33: ... names Logical axis number G16 must be programmed according to the following rules The desired axis names must be single uppercase alphabetic characters excluding FGIJKLMNORST The desired axis names must follow the G16 without any blank character If the characters following the G16 are less than the machine axes the remaining axes will be not affected Example Logical axis number 0 1 2 3 4 Desired ...

Страница 34: ...e defined as continuous in the machine setup If more than one axis have to be abandoned it is possible to program G29 more than once in the same or subsequent lines Example G29X G29A asks the NC to abandon the axes X and A It is allowed without effect the request to deactivate one already not alive axis Note on programming not alive axes If the part program contains a movement for a not alive axis...

Страница 35: ... actually mounted on the spindle is T101 If the management for replacement tools is installed and the tool actually mounted is a replacement for T101 the parameter HX will contain the T code related to the tool actually mounted 2 15 6 Real positions reading G105 The function G105 transfers the physical measured positions in the axes position parameters for all machine axes The function is active o...

Страница 36: ... and then START Press RESET all transducer alarms disappear Operate normally in semiauto or jog Warning When G119 is active the software limits are disabled on all axes because the transducers may measure not significant positions possibly disabling the movement The operator is in charge to have the maximum awareness in order to avoid collisions and damages In every case as safety precaution the Z...

Страница 37: ...n it reaches the limit set without generating any alarm G123 KA5 Enables stop mode if one or more programmed positions are outside working field all movements are stopped and resumed only when all programmed positions lie inside working field When the programmed positions re enter inside the working field all axes previously blocked are considered as programmed Warning if during the stop phase mor...

Страница 38: ...l drawing In this mode sloped lines chamfers and connecting radiuses are automatically computed by the control unit In the direct programming the following parameters are used in addition to the X and Z axes positions QF slope The slope of a linear segment may be programmed through the QF parameter with the following convention If the X axis is oriented downwards the convention becomes 34 ...

Страница 39: ...us has a positive value X Z Z X RR RR RR RR The figure depicts directions and connecting radius signs Both upwards and downwards X axis orientations are considered If the profile is programmed in the X negative area the convention used for the sign of radiuses becomes the following X Z Z X RR RR RR RR Warning This convention must be used only if the profile is directly programmed in the X area it ...

Страница 40: ... through the RB parameter The RB parameter must be programmed with a sign Its meaning is shown in the following figure X Z Z X RB RB RB RB A chamfer is programmed by adding the RB parameter followed by the chamfer value in the same block terminating with the chamfer 36 ...

Страница 41: ...20 40 Line with known final Z and slope G1 Z QF G1 X50 Z0 Z 20 Z 40 QF150 Line with known final X and slope 50 30 Z X 20 70 G1 X QF G1 X50 Z0 Z 20 X70 QF150 Combinations with double slope G1 QF 50 Z 60 X 30 120 15 50 G1 Z X QF G1 X50 Z0 Z 15 QF150 Z 50 X120 QF120 37 ...

Страница 42: ... it is possible to add a connecting radius or a chamfer by programming on the same movement block the value of radius RR or chamfer RB 50 30 Z X 20 70 R15 Connecting radius programming examples G1 X50 Z0 Z 20 RR 15 Z 40 QF150 38 50 Z 60 X 30 120 15 50 R15 R10 50 30 Z X 20 70 R15 G1 X50 Z0 Z 15 RR 10 QF150 RR 15 Z 50 X120 QF120 ...

Страница 43: ...mming Guide LATHES G1 X20 Z0 QF 90 RR10 Z 25 X70 QF150 RR10 Z 50 Chamfer programming examples 50 30 Z X 20 40 5 G1 X50 Z0 Z 20 RB5 Z 40 QF150 50 Z 60 X 30 120 15 50 5 5 G1 X50 Z0 Z 15 RB5 QF150 RB5 Z 50 X120 QF120 39 ...

Страница 44: ...CNC Z32 Programming Guide LATHES Z 50 20 X 70 30 25 5 5 G1 X20 Z0 QF 90 RB5 Z 25 X70 QF150 RB5 Z 50 40 ...

Страница 45: ...riginal profile around external edges B and D some programmed segments have been eliminated because they cannot be machined with the programmed tool radius segment 5 Generally if the tool radius correction is activated in a program with G41 G42 the Z32 NC executes a series of operations on each element of the programmed profile in order to transform it in the tool center path These operations may ...

Страница 46: ...ussion related to the tool radius compensation it is necessary at first to define two important points the theoretical tool tip and the tool center A B In the figure the point A represents the tool center or the center of the radiused sector The point B represent the theoretical tool tip The theoretical tool tip is the point where the tool is zeroed the axis positions displayed on the screen are a...

Страница 47: ...e following G150KA1 position 1 Tool tip oriented in direction Z and X G150KA2 position 2 Tool tip oriented in direction X G150KA3 position 3 Tool tip oriented in direction Z and X G150KA4 position 4 Tool tip oriented in direction Z G150KA5 position 5 Tool tip oriented in direction Z and X G150KA6 position 6 Tool tip oriented in direction X G150KA7 position 7 Tool tip oriented in direction Z and X ...

Страница 48: ... the following rule apply G41 looking in the profile direction the tool is positioned on the left of the profile G42 looking in the profile direction the tool is positioned on the right of the profile G42 G41 X Z Z X G41 G42 X Z Z X G41 G42 G41 G42 With a downward orientation of the X axis the following rule apply G41 looking in the profile direction the tool is positioned on the right of the prof...

Страница 49: ...he first point The same applies to the last point of the profile The last movement brings the radiused tool tangent to the path on the last point defining the profile The tool center is thus positioned orthogonal to the profile tangent to the last point Two types of approach and retract movements are available 1 Linear approach and retract The general programming syntax is as follows G0X Z initial...

Страница 50: ... programming manual M323 for further information 1 Circular approach and retract In this case the programming syntax is as follows G0X Z initial positioning G41 X Z QF radius correction activation profile X Z last profile point G40 X Z radius correction deactivation The approach movement is described in the block containing G41 or G42 X Z QF X and Z are the positions of the first point on the prof...

Страница 51: ... supported in most applications because these errors are lower than other errors influencing the final result following errors temperature tool geometry etc If this error entity cannot be supported it is recommended not to program very small tool radius it is better to program the physical tool radius and not its correction with respect to the theoretical radius 4 4 Connecting radius on external e...

Страница 52: ...ed profile and long fillets may remain around internal edges in case of complex profiles Warning usually G109R is programmed only to understand the situation provoking the INCOMPATIBLE PROFILE error with tool radius correction It is not a function to be used in normal programming 4 6 Displayed positions and radius correction During the execution of a profile with radius correction the positions di...

Страница 53: ... R5 Z 5 2x45 30 120 X T4 M6 OZ1 OX1 G96 S30 MS2000 M3 G95 F1 G150KA1 G0 Z10 X60 G42 X50 Z5 Z 30 RR 5 X70 Z 50 QF150 RR 5 X110 RB2 Z 60 X120 G40 G0 Z 50 X130 In the preceding figure the tool center path was shown The positions displayed on the screen are instead those depicted in the following figure 49 ...

Страница 54: ...X60 G42 X50 Z5 Z 30 RR 5 X70 Z 50 QF150 RR 5 X110 RB2 Z 60 X120 G40 G0 Z 50 X130 N20 G150 I0 GON10 N20 The figure shows The programmed profile thick line The tool center path dashed line The unmachined allowance shadowed zone In the programming example after the profile execution with an allowance of 2mm the allowance is cleared instruction G150 I0 and the profile is repeated with no allowance The...

Страница 55: ...et by G25 AC third axis of tern set by G25 AE communication from the logic AM first axis measure AN negative probe correction first axis AP positive probe correction first axis AU communication to logic BM second axis measure BN negative probe correction second axis BP positive probe correction second axis CM third axis measure DA first axis translation DB second axis translation DC third axis tra...

Страница 56: ...n part program and ML logic A Q synchronizer between part program and ML logic D ELECTRON may define further parameters in the future to enhance the Z32 software features AXES NAMES The axes names are always defined with a single letter by choosing among the following A B C D H P Q U V W X Y Z They must be defined in the machine setup USER PARAMETERS The user is allowed to define up to 60 literal ...

Страница 57: ...255 may be written by the part program When a non integer number is assigned to a PAL parameter the number is rounded to the nearest integer value 5 1 1 Parameter assignment The assignment of a numeric value to a parameter is made through a programming very similar to that for an axis movement For example to assign the value 100 to the parameter HA it is possible to write HA100 or to assign the va...

Страница 58: ...ted up to the position contained in the parameter HA i e 10 I the line N50 a feed is set with the value contained in parameter HB 0 5 In the line N60 a feed movement of X axis is executed up to the position HC 100 i e 130 with a Feed of 0 5 The movement programming using parametric expressions may be quite complex following the same rules indicated for parameters programming 5 1 4 System parameter...

Страница 59: ...is and AC the C axis Through these parameters it is thus possible to program axes movements independently from the real axes names The programming syntax is exactly the same as the normal axis movement programming it is therefore possible to use G0 G1 G2 G3 movements and all the functionality available for the programming of complex profiles connecting radiuses chamfers etc Example G25ZX G0 AA5 ra...

Страница 60: ...it is NOT possible to program machine movements 5 2 1 Assigning values to parameters and computing expressions The assignment operator is the character More than one assignment is possible by using the separator Example N10 HA 16 HB RQ HA 5 HC 0 Note The computing of expressions or the assignment of a value to a parameter is possible both in an advanced line and in a normal line for instance the f...

Страница 61: ...rect programming N10 GON20 N20 Erroneous programming N10 GON20 N20 5 2 3 Executing jumps with return GON The function GON N allows to execute the program section contained between the N labels specified and then to return to the line following the calling line Example N20 GON40 N50 N30 N40 N50 The program executes N20 jumps to N40 executes the instructions between N40 and N50 and then returns exec...

Страница 62: ... The condition may also be an expression IF HA HB PAR 10 HC GON20 Warning In order to use the N numbers as destinations for a jump it is necessary for the N character to be the first character present in the line without leading spaces 5 2 5 Controlling more than one condition on the same advanced line On a single advanced line it is possible to control more than one condition IF HA 10 IF HB 5 GON...

Страница 63: ...ed line execution a jump command GON is necessary or the programming of an end of block instruction EB For example in the following line IF HA 0 HA HA 1 EB HA HA 1 the EB instruction is necessary to terminate the line execution The line has the following behavior If HA is higher or equal to zero it is incremented by 1 otherwise it is decremented by 1 If the programming were as follows IF HA 0 HA H...

Страница 64: ...cution jumps to CMOS program number 10 The subprogram must terminate with the subprogram end instruction G26 Example N10 N50 GOP10 N60 Sottoprogramma CMOS 10 N10 N100 G26 The main program is executed up to line N50 then the execution switches to subprogram 10 executed from line N10 to line N100 The G26 instruction indicates the end of subprogram then the execution switches back to the calling prog...

Страница 65: ... destinations for a jump it is necessary for the N character to be the first character present in the line without leading spaces 5 2 9 Jump to a CMOS subprogram with two labels GOP N N It is possible to jump in a CMOS subprogram starting the execution from a given label Example N10 N50 GOP10 N30 N70 N60 Sottoprogramma CMOS 10 N10 N30 N70 N100 G26 The main program is executed up to line N50 then t...

Страница 66: ...d the condition ELSE IF is checked If condition 2 is verified the blocks from N30 and N40 are executed then the execution passes to N70 If neither condition 1 nor condition 2 are verified the execution passes to the ELSE block and the blocks from N50 to N60 are executed then the execution passes to N70 In lines containing IF ELSE IF ELSE and END IF it is possible to insert a comment after the char...

Страница 67: ...de LATHES It is possible to nest IF instructions up to 31 levels Example IF condition 1 IF condition 2 IF condition 3 N30 executed if condition 1 is true condition 1 is true and condition 3 is true N40 END IF END IF END IF 63 ...

Страница 68: ...to N100 are thus executed 11 times because the number specified is the number of repetitions This specification may be passed through a parameter contained between acute parenthesis LOOP HA In this case the parameter is rounded to the nearest integer DO N10 N100 LOOP 10 N110 5 4 2 Repetition condition A condition to be checked in order to execute the repetition may be specified on the same line as...

Страница 69: ...In the following example blocks from N10 to N100 are repeated until the exit condition is verified When the exit condition is verified the loop exit happens in block N50 the instructions from N50 and N100 are no more executed and the control passes to instruction N110 DO N10 N50 EXIT DO IF HA 10 N100 LOOP N110 Warning It is possible to use the EXIT DO instruction also without the IF condition writ...

Страница 70: ...e written program may be executed by recalling it by a CMOS subprogram jump instruction GOP Example T1M6 F5000 DEFINE P10 G1 X X 0 1 G1 Z 50 G26 END DEFINE G0 X100 G0 Z2 GOP10 G0 X99 9 G0 Z2 GOP10 G0X101 M2 In the above example the instructions for the definition of program 10 don t produce any movement the CMOS program number 10 is executed only after its recall trough the function GOP10 Warning ...

Страница 71: ...ubtemps may be used for a process A single subtemp may contain a program no larger than 240KB The total content of all defined subtemps cannot exceed 1MB A subtemp may be recalled by using the instructions GOS GOS N and GOS N N These instructions are equivalent to the corresponding GOP instructions valid for CMOS programs It is possible to use a subtemp as a fixed cycle with the instruction G27S T...

Страница 72: ...ed to fixed cycles programming For example with reference to the drilling cycle G881 it is possible to set the parameters by programming G881 Z 40 J5 E5 F600 An example of not correct programming is the following G881 Z 40 J5 E5 F600 S1000 M3 Because the parameter S is not directly programmable on the G881 line neither the M3 instruction so a correct writing is as follows S1000 M3 G881 Z 40 J5 E5 ...

Страница 73: ...1 G886 Example G881 Z 40 J5 E10 activates the fixed cycle G0 X100 executes the first drilling G881 E20 changes the final return position G0 X150 executes the fixed cycle with the new return position G880 deactivates fixed cycle Modification of fixed cycle and parameter settings It is possible to modify the fixed cycle while maintaining the parameters of previous cycle Example G881 Z 40 J5 E10 F120...

Страница 74: ...first positioning X150 second positioning N2 X200 third positioning G880 all cycle parameters are cleared G886 Z 35 J5 E10 F400 activates the boring fixed cycle NOTE All parameters MUST BE PROGRAMMED ANEW because the G880 function clears them all repeats the positionings GON1 N2 G880 deactivates fixed cycle 6 1 1 70 ...

Страница 75: ... NT J E 6 1 2 G882 Deep drilling with chip breakage Z or X hole end position J approaching position It is the machining starting position E final return position NT dwell time at hole end K depth increment before chip breakage I retraction for chip breakage If a null value is programmed or if the I parameter is not programmed a default value of 0 2 is assumed F Feed Note In case of holes drilled i...

Страница 76: ...ue 20 The minimum allowed drilling depth is defined by the NM parameter 5 The drilling depth will then vary as follows 1st pass 50 2nd pass reduced by the value I 50 20 30 3rd pass still reduced by the value I 30 20 10 4th pass still reduced by the I value 10 20 10 The resulting value is smaller than the minimum pass depth therefore the value is set to the NM value 5 5th and subsequent passes with...

Страница 77: ...ap pitch J approaching position It is the machining starting position E final return position Note In case of holes drilled in X direction the values X J E are considered as diametric or radial depending on the active mode when the drilling is programmed Warning Before using this cycle please consult the machine tool builder for the availability of rigid tapping G0 Z X K E J 6 1 6 G886 Reaming Z o...

Страница 78: ...E chamfer NA or radius NE on the first point of the first wall NB NF chamfer NB or radius NF at groove bottom on the first wall NC NG chamfer NC or radius NG at groove bottom on the second wall ND NH chamfer ND or radius NF on the last point on the second wall NU Z allowance NV X allowance radial value in mm K removal for pass If not programmed the 75 of the J value cutting edge width is assumed J...

Страница 79: ...ing from the point NZ toward the point Z The passes are executed proceeding from the NX diameter toward the X diameter To execute a pass increment in Z direction program a NZ position greater than the Z programmed position as shown in the figure below To execute a pass increment in Z direction program a NZ position smaller than the Z programmed position The groove is an external groove if NX corre...

Страница 80: ...sequence Machining type and finishing pass depth I0 both roughing with allowances and final finishing with no allowances are executed I1 only the final finishing with no allowances is executed I2 only the roughing with allowances is executed I3 roughing with allowances an intermediate finishing pass with allowances and the final finishing with no allowances are executed The finishing pass is compo...

Страница 81: ...ter must be set with the total tool width thus J 2 R In case of tools with flat bottom the tool width must be specified with the J parameter J J R For the correct execution of the machining it is necessary to know the zeroing point of the tool i e the tool orientation The function G150 KA must be programmed before calling the macro for groove machining specifying the correct tool orientation For t...

Страница 82: ...he NN parameter indicates the number of repetitions while the E parameter indicates the distance pitch between each repetition X Z 50 100 20 R10 40 R10 R10 R10 60 80 100 120 The machining is considered to be repeated along the Z axis Example OZ1 OX1 T7M6 G96 S MS M3 G95 F G0 X110 Z 20 G901 Z 40 X50 NX100 NZ 20 NE10 NH10 NN3 E40 M2 78 ...

Страница 83: ...lowances 20 40 100 50 Z X OZ1 OX1 T1M6 G96 S MS M3 G95 F G0 X110 Z 20 G901 Z 40 X50 NX100 NZ 20 M2 Example External groove with two connecting radiuses and roughing allowances OZ1 OX1 T1M6 G96 S MS M3 G95 F G0 X110 Z 20 G901 Z 40 X50 NX100 NZ 20 NE10 NH10 NV 1 NU0 1 M2 20 40 100 50 Z X R10 R10 79 ...

Страница 84: ...Example External groove with two connecting radiuses roughing allowances sloped wall and I3 machining OZ1 OX1 T1M6 G96 S MS M3 G95 F G0 X110 Z 20 G901 Z 60 X50 NX100 NZ 20 NE10 NH10 NL30 NV 1 NU0 1 I3 M2 R10 20 100 50 Z X 60 R10 30 80 ...

Страница 85: ...a vertical wall is assumed NA NE chamfer NA or radius NE on the first point of the first wall NB NF chamfer NB or radius NF at groove bottom on the first wall NC NG chamfer NC or radius NG at groove bottom on the second wall ND NH chamfer ND or radius NF on the last point on the second wall NU Z allowance NV X allowance radial value in mm K removal for pass If not programmed the 75 of the J value ...

Страница 86: ...ing from the point NZ toward the point Z The passes are executed proceeding from the NX diameter toward the X diameter To execute a pass increment in Z direction program a NZ position greater than the Z programmed position as shown in the figure below To execute a pass increment in Z direction program a NZ position smaller than the Z programmed position The groove is an external groove if NX corre...

Страница 87: ...point of the first wall NX NZ point and proceeding in sequence Machining type and finishing pass depth I0 both roughing with allowances and final finishing with no allowances are executed I1 only the final finishing with no allowances is executed I2 roughing with allowances an intermediate finishing pass with allowances and the final finishing with no allowances are executed The finishing pass is ...

Страница 88: ...case of tools with flat bottom the tool width must be specified with the J parameter This parameter may be directly stored in the tool table J J R For the correct execution of the machining it is necessary to know the zeroing point of the tool i e the tool orientation The function G150 KA must be programmed before calling the macro for groove machining specifying the correct tool orientation For t...

Страница 89: ...pitch The NN parameter indicates the number of repetitions while the E parameter indicates the distance pitch between each repetition The machining is considered to be repeated along the Z axis X Z 40 20 60 80 120 100 R5 R5 R5 R5 18 Example OZ1 OX1 T7M6 G96 S MS M3 G95 F G0 X110 Z 20 G902 Z 18 X40 NX20 NZ0 NE5 NH5 NN3 E40 M2 85 ...

Страница 90: ... approach feed retract I1 rapid approach feed retract I2 feed approach rapid retract I3 rapid approach rapid retract J enables the radius correction J0 radius correction disabled J1 radius correction enabled E vectorial allowance both in X and Z The machining is executed with the following principle 1 Ingresso o approfondimento di passata Il movimento è effettuato a partire dal punto NX NZ Il movi...

Страница 91: ...the X position The following diagram depicts the different cases Z X NX NZ X Z NI NL X Z NI NL NX NZ X Z X Z NX NZ X Z NI NL NL NI Z X NX NZ X Z Radius correction If the radius correction is active J1 the roughing area is modified according to the tool radius as shown in the following figure If the radius correction is active the tool is always maintained inside the trapezoidal area defined Warnin...

Страница 92: ...hining type I0 feed approach feed retract I1 rapid approach feed retract I2 feed approach rapid retract I3 rapid approach rapid retract J enables the radius correction J0 radius correction disabled J1 radius correction enabled E vectorial allowance both in X and Z The machining is executed with the following principle 1 Input or pass increment The movement is executed starting from the point NX NZ...

Страница 93: ...n toward the Z position The following diagram depicts the different cases X X Z NX NZ Z Z X X Z NX NZ NI NL NI NL X Z Z X NX NZ X Z NL NI NX NZ X Z NL NI If the radius correction is active J1 the roughing area is modified according to the tool radius as shown in the following figure If the radius correction is active the tool is always maintained inside the trapezoidal area defined Warning In orde...

Страница 94: ...tation may be programmed with the block G33 X Z K G33 represents the threading motion with constant pitch X Z represent the final point reached by the threading motion K is the threading pitch expressed in mm The pitch is always computed as the total displacement corresponding to a turn of the spindle K K Example Cylinder threading single pass Z X 40 50 OX1 OZ1 T2M6 G95 S400 M3 G0 X50 Z5 G33 Z 40 ...

Страница 95: ...e recomputed with the following formula K pitch along Z cos taper angle In the example the pitch along Z is 2mm the taper angle is 30 degrees thus the K pitch in the taper area is equal to K 2 cos 30 2 309 Z X 40 50 20 30 OX1 OZ1 T2M6 G95 S400 M3 G0 X50 Z5 G33 Z 20 K2 Z 40 QF150 K2 309 G0 X80 M2 Threading motion synchronization It is important to consider that at the start of each threading moveme...

Страница 96: ...y programmed in subsequent blocks when G34 G35 is active an abrupt pitch variation is encountered I pitch increment expressed in mm round or in round This parameter can only be programmed in the same line of G34 G35 The parameter is always positive and assumed as absolute value if programmed as a negative number In G34 mode it expresses the increment in mm or inches imposed on pitch K at every rou...

Страница 97: ... The parameters enclosed in parenthesis may be omitted but they must be cleared when the macro M63 is programmed The meaning of the parameters is the following X Nominal threading diameter NZ On air coordinate of the first positioning along Z Z Coordinate of the threading final point along Z NG Taper percentage with sign see following figures J Distance between tool and workpiece during the return...

Страница 98: ... threading starting point by a quantity equal to the thread pitch K divided by the number of worms I 3 Threading cycle After the on air positioning defined by the programmer the threading macro G905 executes the following operations Computes radial and axial increments and positions the tool according to the preparatory function active before the M63 and the following may be executed a linear segm...

Страница 99: ... infinite axes acceleration this distance must allow to stop the axes The final programmed point is never overcome X 3 2 1 J J 2 Z X Z 5 Cylindrical threadings It is possible to execute external or internal threadings both on negative or positive X ranges The figure shows the possible programming modes X Z 1 2 3 4 100 50 M24 x3 M40 x3 The end section of the thread is connected starting from the pr...

Страница 100: ...dings The X parameter is referred to the nominal diameter corresponding to the NZ value The NG parameter is computed with the formula 100 1 2 Z Xiniziale Xfinale NG Where Xiniziale is the initial nominal diameter Xfinale is the final nominal diameter Z is the length always positive of the Z segment going from Xiniziale to Xfinale The NG sign is determined by the rule NG positive if the X increases...

Страница 101: ...is equal to 524 9 100 105 1 2 60 80 NG Therefore the programming becomes G0 X60 Z10 G905 X60 NZ5 Z 100 NG9 524 E100 J2 5 NS7 NF1 K1 25 2 Internal threading with initial diameter X 30 final diameter X 40 and Z starting and end coordinates respectively NZ 50 and Z 5 Executes the thread starting from the larger diameter to the smaller diameter In this case the positive percentage taper is equal to 09...

Страница 102: ...zero a default value of J 2 is assumed K Thread pitch ALWAYS in millimeters NS Number of roughing passes NF Number of finishing passes I Number of starting worms E Thread type E 100 Metric screw 60 UNI 4535 64 E 300 Whitworth screw UNI 2709 E 500 Trapezoidal screw UNI 2902 E 700 Square section screw depth 0 5 K NF E 900 Generic screw custom NU Thread depth in mm used only on custom threadings All ...

Страница 103: ...le to be roughed NG Slope of the pass line roughing angle K Pass depth with sign see later on NE Retract quantity with 30 degrees slope if not programmed or equal to zero it executes a retract with the half of the pass NL Maximum increment along the pass line with sign KMAX if not programmed or equal to zero it executes pass increments equal to K for roughing angles different from 180 and 0 degree...

Страница 104: ...he profile to be roughed contained between two N labels identifying the start and the end of the profile The N number corresponding to the profile start is passed to the macro through the NX parameter The N number corresponding to the profile end is passed to the macro through the NY parameter It is possible to define the profile to be roughed in every line of the part program also after the end o...

Страница 105: ...than the profile must be defined from point C to point A proceeding in clockwise direction the tool radius correction is with tool on the right of the profile G42 the passes are oriented to 180 degrees Z direction the pass depth must be defined as positive K 0 Lower profile internal machining the raw dimensions must be defined at first from point D to point F than the profile must be defined from ...

Страница 106: ... be defined as positive or negative function of the desired machining The following figure shows the eight profiles 4 clockwise and 4 counterclockwise representing the various possible combinations with passes parallel to the axes G41 G42 G41 G42 K 0 K 0 NG0 NG180 NG 90 NG 90 K 0 K 0 K 0 K 0 NG90 NG90 NG0 NG180 K 0 K 0 G42 G41 G41 G42 X X Z Z The passes may also be not parallel to the axes In this...

Страница 107: ...profile must be composed by only linear segments executed in rapid G0 Z 55X60 starting point of raw p ofile Z Z 5X5 Z2X30 X20 end point of raw pro G42 start of finished profile G1 Z2 X20 starting nt of finished profile end point of raw profile G1Z 15 RR 10 Z 55X60 end point of finished profile starting point of raw profile G40 en Z 55 X6 end Ex g pass a nt alo th raw a tool on t s defin nished pr ...

Страница 108: ...ment feed 5 New pass feed 6 The distance between the return pass and the executed pass may be programmed with the J parameter If J0 is programmed or J not programmed the distance between pass and return path is equal to the half of pass depth By programming I1 at pass end the finished profile is contoured up to encounter the preceding pass 2 4 5 1 3 6 7 1 Roughing pass feed 2 Execution of finished...

Страница 109: ...rements equal to K are executed If NL 0 this feature is deactivated and all passes have the same pass depth defined by K The feature allows to increase the pass depth with the increase of the depth increment Example X1OZ1 150KA1 T M6 finishing tool N10 G0 X100 Z 60 G0 Z1 G0 X40 G42 G1 Z0 X40 Z 20 RR 2 G3 I 35 J40 Z 35 X70 G1 Z 43 RR 1 5 X86 Z 48 5 Z 60 40 N20 G0 Z 60 X10 M2 maximum diameter NI and...

Страница 110: ... time NT may be defined at the end of the forward incremen movement along the pass direction for a disp wait at forward movement end equal to the time set in the parameter NT back movement along the pass direction for a d chip breaking cycle repetition up to pass end If the parameter NR 0 or NR not programmed the backward segment is not executed If the parameter NT 0 or NT not programmed the dwell...

Страница 111: ...ifferent from zero In these cases it is possible to program a very small angle as in the preceding example Through the NU parameter it is possible to skip the final profile contouring normally executed y p ogramming a non zero value in the NU parameter at the end of the last roughing pass uring a rapid movement is executed with the direction given by the NU va U parameter defines the exit angle of...

Страница 112: ...0 G0 X40 Z0 G0 X100 G41 G1 Z0 X102 G1 Z 30 G1 Z 35 X70 G2 I 35 J40 Z 2 G1 Z0 G40 N20 G0 Z0 X40 Note that the first pass starts on a point of the profile G1 therefore the movement on the first pass brings the tool in rapid from the actual point up to the profile then proceeding in feed following the profile in the same direction as its definition until the start of the first pass 108 ...

Страница 113: ... the roughing profile F llowance of 1 5mm without final contouring NU1 20 NG180 K2 NU1 cancel allowance for finishing t 30X60RR 10 G1X120Z 50 N20 profile end M2 Example OX1OZ1 T M6 roughing tool S MS M3 G96 95 G G150KA1 I1 5 a g macro roughin 30Z10 G0X1 G907 NX10 NY I0 G150 profile star N10 G0X120Z 50 Z5 X40 G42 5X40 Z Z Z 50X100 G40 109 ...

Страница 114: ...ne must normally be newly de Considering the axes names of the prec gram movements in the plane V W with a no will be transformed in the corresponding move Note When the polar axes feature has fined In its normal configuration a lathe machine h tivated the as the contouring plane Z X When the polar axes are ac working plane must be set on the facial surface of the workpiece Using the axes names sh...

Страница 115: ...center cannot be or cannot execute movements passing inside a circle with 5 mm diameter around the rotation center of the axes spindle 5mm V W W 40 7 2 Example OX1 OZ1 T M6 M polar axes activation 30 V0 F1500 G41 W20 V0 QF0 V20RR 5 W20RR 5 V0 M activation powered tool S M3 G25VWZ G0 Z5 W F200 G1 Z 1 W 20RR 5 V 20RR 5 G40 W30 V0 G0Z5 M2 111 ...

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