6
Culligan® Premier Series Automatic Deionizer
6
Cat. No. 01024000
Regeneration
Hydrogen-rich acid passes down through the Cation resin bed during the regeneration cycle. The other positively charged
ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, etc.) are forced off the resin and are replaced with hydrogen ions. These hydrogen
ions attach themselves to the negatively charged sites on the resin beads.
Hydroxide-rich caustic soda passes down through the Anion resin bed during the regeneration cycle. The other negatively
charged ions (sulfate, chlorides, carbonate, etc.) are forced off the resin and are replaced with hydroxide ions. These
hydroxide ions attach themselves to the positively charged sites on the resin beads.
CAUTION! During regeneration the unit does not provide water to service.
Resin Types and Uses
The Culligan Premier Series Automatic Deionizer is supplied with Strong Acid Cation Resin and Type II Strong Base
Anion resin or Weak Base Anion resin.
Strong Acid Cation Resin
is especially suited for the cation removal in high purity water demineralization. This resin pos-
sesses high exchange capacity combined with excellent chemical and physical stability under a wide range of operating
conditions. Used in both Two Bed Deionizer and Mixed Bed Deionizer applications.
Weak Base Anion Resin
is used when carbon dioxide or silica is not required to be removed from the water. Weak base
resins are generally higher in acid-removing capacity than strong base resins and are generally more stable at higher
temperatures. Used primarily in Two-Bed Deionizer applications.
Type II Strong Base Anion Resin
removes mineral acids efficiently, and is stable at temperatures up to 105°F. Used
primarily in Two-Bed Deionizer applications.
Deionizer Performance Characteristics
Two-Bed Deionizers normally produce water in the 10,000 ohms to 200,000 ohms range. The quality of water capable of
being produced by the deionizer is directly related to the amount of sodium leakage from the Cation column and the Type
of Anion Resin being used. The lower the sodium leakage, the higher the quality produced. Example: 1.0-ppm sodium
leakage will provide 400,000 ohms from a Strong Base Anion Resin, but 200,000 ohms from a Weak Base Anion Resin.
While 2.0-ppm sodium leakage will only yield 200,000 ohms from the strong base and 100,000 ohms from the weak base.
The sodium leakage from the Cation column also directly affects the pH of the product water and is one of the factors in
determining the amount of silica leakage from a strong base anion resin.
The capacity of the cation resin is determined by three factors: the regenerant level (lbs of acid per ft
3
), and the content
of Sodium and Alkalinity in the raw water. At a Hydrochloric Acid dosage of 6 lbs per ft
3
, 30% Sodium and 50% Alkalinity,
the Cation Capacity will be approximately 23,500 grains per ft
3
. However, on the same raw water (30% Sodium and 50%
Alkalinity), by increasing the Acid dosage to 9 lbs per ft
3
, the capacity will be increased by 10% to 26,000 grains per ft
3
.
The capacity of the strong base anion resin is actually determined by four factors: the regenerant level (lbs of sodium
hydroxide per ft
3
), and the content of Monovalent Ions, Carbonic Acid, and Silica in the raw water. At a Sodium Hydrox-
ide dosage of 6 lbs per ft
3
, 25% Monovalent ions, 10% Carbonic Acid, and 5% Silica, the Strong Base Anion Capacity is
16,000 grains per ft
3
. If Silica increases to 10%, the capacity decreases to 15,700 grains per ft
3
.
The capacity of the Anion Resin normally dictates the service run length of the deionizer. The Cation resin usually has
more capacity than the Anion. Normally a two-bed deionizer comes with a Cation and an Anion that have the same
physical size and quantity of resin. The extra capacity of the Cation can be used to regenerate the Anion in systems using
sequential regeneration.