
EN - 46
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
Stage 2
intake
Stage 3
intake
Stage 3
deadband
Stage 2
on
Stage 2
off
Stage 3
on
Stage 3
off
Stage 1
on
Stage 1
off
Calculated
error - setpoint
Stage 1
intake
Stage 2
deadband
Stage 1
deadband
Stage 1
exhaust
Stage 3
exhaust
Stage 2
exhaust
Stage 2
intake
Stage 3
intake
Stage 3
deadband
Stage 2
on
Stage 2
off
Stage 3
on
Stage 3
off
Stage 1
on
Stage 1
off
Calculated
error - setpoint
Stage 1
intake
Stage 2
deadband
Stage 1
deadband
Stage 1
exhaust
Stage 3
exhaust
Stage 2
exhaust
Proportional control (P coefficient): X2 - Setpoint
Proportional control is the difference, or error (e), between the measurement and the setpoint when the controller time delay equals 0.
It is corrected (multiplied) by the
P
coefficient.
Proportional control accelerates the response to the measurement depending on the difference between the measurement and the setpoint.
On its own, it does not reduce the difference between the measurement and the setpoint when the load on the loop is stable.
Integral control (I coefficient):
Σ
(incremental areas)
Integral control is the sum of the errors between the measurement and the setpoint between two consecutives actions of the controller.
It is corrected (multiplied) by the
I
coefficient.
Integral control cancels out the difference between the measurement and the setpoint.
Derivative control (D coefficient): X2 - X1
Derivative control is the difference between two errors (measurement - setpoint) between two consecutive actions of the controller (slope).
It is corrected (multiplied) by the
D
coefficient.
Derivative control offsets the effects of the process' dead time. Although derivative control has a stabilising effect, instability can be caused by
an overly-high value.
18.4.1 Action of the controller in cooling mode
Circuit control:
- If e
>
1
→
Stage 1 turns on
- If 1
<
e
<
1.5
→
Stage 1 intake pulse
- If e
>
1.5
→
Stage 2 turns on and stage 1
at full capacity
- If 1.5
<
e
<
2
→
Stage 2 intake pulse
- If e
>
2
→
Stage 3 turns on and stages
1 and 2 at full capacity
- If 1
<
e
<
2.5
→
Stage 3 intake pulse
- If e
>
2.5
→
Stage 3 intake valve
continuously open
- If 1.5
<
e
<
2
→
Stage 3 intake and stage 2 at
full capacity 100%
- If 1
<
e
<
1.5
→
Stage 3 deadband and
stages 1 and 2 at full capacity
- If 1
<
e
<
1.5
→
Stage 2 intake and stage 1 at
full capacity (stage 3 not turned on)
- If 0.5
<
e
<
1
→
Stage 3 exhaust and stages 1
and 2 at full capacity
- If 0.5
<
e
<
1
→
Stage 2 deadband and stage
1 at full capacity (stage 3 not turned on)
- If 0.5
<
e
<
1
→
Stage 1 intake (stages 2 and
3 not turned on)
- If 0
<
e
<
0.5
→
Stage 2 exhaust and stage 1 at full capacity
- If 0
<
e
<
0.5
→
Stage 1 deadband (stages 2 and 3 not turned on)
- If
–
0.5
<
e
<
0
→
Stage 1 exhaust
In all cases:
- If e
<
0.5
→
Stage 3 turns off
- If e
<
0
→
Stage 2 turns off
- If e
<
–
0.5
→
Stage 1 turns off
NOTE:
The intake and exhaust valves are actuated on only one compressor at a time.
18.4.2 Action of the controller in heating mode
Circuit control:
- If e
<
–
1
→
Stage 1 turns on
- If –1.5
<
e
<
–
1
→
Stage 1 intake pulse
- If e
<
–
1.5
→
Stage 2 turns on and stage 1
at full capacity
- If -2
<
e
<
–
1.5
→
Stage 2 intake pulse
- If e
<
–
2
→
Stage 3 turns on and stages 1
and 2 at full capacity
- If
–
2.5
<
e
<
–
2
→
Stage 3 intake pulse
- If e
<
–
2.5
→
Stage 3 intake valve
continuously open
- If
–
2
<
e
<
–
1.5
→
Stage 3 intake and stages 1
and 2 at full capacity
- If
–
1.5
<
e
<
–
1
→
Stage 3 deadband and stages
1 and 2 at full capacity
- If
–
1.5
<
e
<
–
1
→
Stage 2 intake and stage 1 at
full capacity (stage 3 not turned on)
- If
–
1
<
e
<
–
0.5
→
Stage 3 exhaust and stages 1
and 2 at full capacity
- If
–
1
<
e
<
–
0.5
→
Stage 2 deadband and stage
1 at full capacity (stage 3 not turned on)
- If
–
1
<
e
<
–
0.5
→
Stage 1 intake (stages 2 and 3
not turned on)
- If
–
0.5
<
e
<
0
→
Stage 2 exhaust and stage 1 at full capacity
- If
–
0.5
<
e
<
0
→
Stage 1 deadband (stages 2 and 3 not turned on)
- If 0
<
e
<
–
0.5
→
Stage 1 exhaust
In all cases:
- If e
>
–
0.5
→
Stage 3 turns off
- If e
>
0
→
Stage 2 turns off
- If e
>
0.5
→
Stage 1 turns off
NOTE: The intake and exhaust valves are actuated on only one compressor at a time.