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CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor

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sufficient counts for the expected SWE. It is also important to reduce the
effects of background K and Tl sources that will adversely affect the SWE
measurement.

Do not mount the CS725 in close proximity to buildings, wood material or
trees. Wood material can contain potassium, which may be a source of gamma
radiation that will interfere with the measurements. Potassium sources above
the snow will emit gamma radiation that is not attenuated by the snow pack.

It is reasonable to have small amounts of wood material within the 6 m
clearance radius. However, be aware that reducing the amount of material near
the CS725 or increasing the distance will reduce its influence on the readings.

6.2 Mounting

Please contact a Campbell Scientific representative if you are
unsure of suitable mounting structures or methods for the CS725

• Always ensure that the collimator is secured to the structure with the long
safety cable.

• Always install the collimator after the main CS725 body is mounted and
secured to the structure.

Mount the CS725 above the snow pack. It is recommended to mount the
CS725 approximately 3 m above ground or above the expected maximum
snow height. If the CS725 is submersed in the snow, it may be damaged by
water ingress. The CS725 can also be mounted lower than 3 m; however, this
will reduce the effective measurement area.

FIGURE 6—1. CS725 with collimator and safety cable

It is possible to rotate the CS725 Main Body with respect to the mounting
plates. Figure 6-2 shows one of the four fasteners that need to be loosened in
order to rotate the main body.

Note

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Содержание CS725

Страница 1: ...INSTRUCTION MANUAL CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor January 2017 Copyright 2012 2015 Campbell Scientific Canada Corp ...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ... neglect accidents of nature or shipping damage This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose CSC is not liable for special indirect incidental or consequential damages Products may not be returned without prior authorization To obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization RMA contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIF...

Страница 4: ...ith the CS725 8 6 4 1 Auto BAUD Rate Detection 8 6 5 Sensor Setup 9 6 5 1 Set Internal Parameters for Field Deployment 13 6 6 Final Parameter Setup 18 6 7 Final Setup Verification 19 7 Operation 21 7 1 Internal Makeup of CS725 21 7 2 Power System Requirements and Recommendations 21 7 2 1 Solar Powered Sites 22 7 3 Wiring 22 7 4 Datalogger and Basic Programming 23 7 4 1 Extended data output flla co...

Страница 5: ... of the CS725 D 5 Figures FIGURE 4 1 Gamma radiation histogram 3 FIGURE 6 1 CS725 with collimator and safety cable 5 FIGURE 6 2 Plate Mounting 6 FIGURE 6 3 CS725 with C2470 Mounting Kit 6 FIGURE 7 1 CS725 cross section 21 Tables TABLE 6 1 Collimator Guidelines 7 TABLE 7 1 CS725 Connection to Datalogger and DB9F TERM 22 TABLE 8 1 Maximum BAUD Rates for Various Cable Lengths 28 TABLE B 2 Thallium Co...

Страница 6: ...208 Tl at the site that will not be covered by snow ex trees The collimator acts to reduce this radiation from affecting the measurement Proper operation of the CS725 is dependent on suitable amounts of 40 K and 208 Tl being present in the ground Since the radiation levels will vary from site to site CS725 performance is site dependant No special licenses or precautions are required to install or ...

Страница 7: ...mpbell Scientific about any discrepancies The model number and cable length are printed on a label at the connection end of the cable Check this information against the shipping documents to ensure the expected product and cable length are received The CS725 is shipped with a DB9F TERM for communication and a safety cable 4 Overview The CS725 sensor is a gamma radiation spectrometer that has been ...

Страница 8: ... counts from the 40 K and 208 Tl peaks are evaluated and used to determine SWE Recall that SWE is evaluated by measuring attenuation by the snow pack However other isoptopes such as bismuth produced by radon decay chains and cosmic radiation are present above the snow pack and must be removed or accounted for when determining SWE The CS725 uses an algorithm to calculate SWE The data is held intern...

Страница 9: ...Cable Type 4 conductor 2 twisted pair 22 AWG Stantoprene jacket Dimensions w o Collimator Length 62 cm Diameter 12 7 cm Weight Main Body 9 0 kg 20 lbs Collimator optional 25 kg 55 lbs 6 Installation It is recommended to pre configure and test the system before taking it to the field Issues that are unresolved before placing instrumentation in the field will usually be more difficult to resolve The...

Страница 10: ...nce on the readings 6 2 Mounting Please contact a Campbell Scientific representative if you are unsure of suitable mounting structures or methods for the CS725 Always ensure that the collimator is secured to the structure with the long safety cable Always install the collimator after the main CS725 body is mounted and secured to the structure Mount the CS725 above the snow pack It is recommended t...

Страница 11: ... optional The collimator will help eliminate non soil gamma radiation sources Factors considered when determining whether or not to use a collimator include the presence of wooded vegetation and man made structures and the expected SWE for a given site Table 6 1 is a guideline for determining if the site can be used with or without a collimator ...

Страница 12: ...isture aka soil humidity content of the site in by weight This value is entered into the CS725 setup parameters See Appendix C Gravimetric Soil Moisture Method for detailed instructions on how to determine soil moisture content 6 2 3 Initial Site Evaluation As there is naturally occuring variability in radiation levels from site to site it is recommended to qualify the site prior to permanently in...

Страница 13: ...or Procomm BAUD Rate 9600 Default Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Flow Control None Local Echo Enabled Terminal Mode ANSI Send Line Ends with news feed Disabled 6 4 Communicating with the CS725 Upon power up the CS725 defaults to a baud rate parameter defined by DefaultBaudRate This is normally 9600 BAUD the recommended setting The Esc key resets the current command line being entered into the...

Страница 14: ...o Datalogger and DB9F TERM Section 7 3 2 Start terminal program connect to CS725 and set internal parameters The following example uses HyperTerminal for the terminal software Open HyperTerminal File New Connection When the following appears enter CS725 for the Name Click OK The following screen will appear Choose the correct COM port which your computer is using Click OK ...

Страница 15: ...CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor 10 Change Port Settings as necessary to match the following screen Click Apply OK Next go to File Properties ...

Страница 16: ...CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor 11 Click on the Settings tab Set parameters according to the following screen shot Click on ASCII Setup ...

Страница 17: ...Check the box beside Echo typed characters locally Click OK and return to the main HyperTerminal screen 3 Apply 12Vdc power to the CS725 The sensor will power up and start communicating with your computer The following screen should appear ...

Страница 18: ...ions with detailed descriptions Words in brackets are actions Ex Enter means to hit the Enter key on your keyboard space means to hit space bar on your keyboard To access the Main Menu while connected with HyperTerminal type Enter Enter Enter The following menu will appear English menu l Language French or English h Read the current live histogram hp Display the K and Tl positions from the live hi...

Страница 19: ... l Check the internal clock d Set current date and time dd Display and set parameter setup menu p this command includes a submenu with parameters that must be set See section 7 1 for instruction Set start and stop times for measurement intervals a Obtain current histogram results h Verify radiation counts in MANUAL mode hr Display status and current measurement information s Display current day re...

Страница 20: ...ion 0 every 24 h 1 every 6 h 1 6 GMON height above ground in centimeters 300 7 Observed position for the K line on the histogram 245 8 Collim 1 Collimator installed 0 no collimator 1 9 Nominal soil humidity in weight min 1 max 150 25 10 Estimated soil humidity in weight min 1 max 150 for HCalib mode 27 11 NoK 230000 12 NooK residual K counting Default 0 0 13 N0Tl 41000 14 n00Tl residual Tl countin...

Страница 21: ...he Estimated soil humidity soil moisture in weight for HCalib mode to 20 10 space 20 Enter 99 Enter 99 Enter 11 Ensure 12 is 0 12 Ensure 14 is 0 13 Set SN Threshold for the snow cover to 0 16 space 0 Enter disregard the warning 99 Enter 99 Enter 14 Ensure baud rate is set to 9600 15 Set the Number of hours per partial histo to 1 18 space 1 Enter 99 Enter 99 Enter 16 Place CS725 in Manual mode 19 s...

Страница 22: ... 59 Pos K 246 8 Pos Tl 437 3 Cnt K 010200 0 Cnt Tl 001410 0 20 Compare the counts to Tables 6 2 and 6 3 The CS725 uses only K or Tl to calculate SWE TABLE 6 2 Potassium Count Cnt K Guideline for SWE 1 hour Reading With Collimator Without Collimator Description 0 to 4000 0 to 6000 Insufficient K at site 4000 to 7500 6000 to 11250 Usable Cnt K range May experience larger errors for higher SWE values...

Страница 23: ...the value entered every year before winter begins If for any reason the soil moisture values cannot be obtained an estimate can be made based on the following Sandy soil 15 Sand Organic mixture 30 Humus soil 50 Once the soil humidity is known 1 Go to the p menu and set parameter 9 to the correct value Enter p Enter 9 space moisture Enter where moisture is an integer typically 20 40 99 Enter 99 Ent...

Страница 24: ...no longer used 7 Observed position for the K line on the histogram 245 8 Collim 1 Collimator installed 0 no collimator 1 9 Nominal soil humidity in weight min 1 max 150 25 10 Estimated soil humidity in weight min 1 max 150 for HCalib mode 27 11 NoK 230000 12 NooK residual K counting Default 0 0 Default 0 13 N0Tl 41000 14 n00Tl residual Tl counting 0 Default 0 16 SN Threshold for the snow cover 0 D...

Страница 25: ...s 7 Tl counts total corrected this value is used in the SWE calculations 8 SWE value generated from 40 K 9 Ratio generated from K and Tl 10 SWE value generated from Tl 11 Soil Moisture values generated from K 12 Soil Moisture values generated from Tl 13 Soil Moisture values generated from K and Tl 14 Precipitation index Flag indication recent snowfall or rain 15 Crystal temperature min 16 Crystal ...

Страница 26: ... material known as Nanogel The manufacturer s Cabot Corporation MSDS sheet should be consulted prior to exposing the Nanogel insulation FIGURE 7 1 CS725 cross section 7 2 Power System Requirements and Recommendations It is recommended that the CS725 be operated from an uninterruptable power supply For sites with AC power batteries should have the capacity to supply ...

Страница 27: ...ecreases in cold temperatures Cold temperatures can significantly reduce battery ability to received a charge Generally very little charging occurs below 30 C Solar Panel Size Solar panels required to charge the CS725 should be sized according to the geographic location of installation and total maximum power draw 7 3 Wiring The wiring for the CS725 connector cable assembly is TABLE 7 1 CS725 Conn...

Страница 28: ..._Date_Time 4 CS725_Hour Alias CS725_Date_Time 5 CS725_Min Public CS725_StationID As String 10 Public CS725_Values 17 As Float Alias CS725_Values 1 CS725_SerialNum Alias CS725_Values 2 CS725_K_Uncorrected Alias CS725_Values 3 CS725_K_Counts Alias CS725_Values 4 CS725_TL_Counts Alias CS725_Values 5 CS725_SWE_K Alias CS725_Values 6 CS725_K_TL_Ratio Alias CS725_Values 7 CS725_SWE_TL Alias CS725_Values...

Страница 29: ...elTemp PTemp 250 Battery batt_volt Based on the Factory default settings of the CS725 will calculate SWE on the Hour every 6 Hours The CS725 is read every 6 hour in this program The reading will take place 10 minutes After the period to ensure the CS725 is not processing calculations at the top of the hour when the measurement is requested flag is set 10 minutes into every 6 hour period If TimeInt...

Страница 30: ...Crystal_TEMP_MIN Suggest to Output to Final Storage CS725_Crystal_TEMP_MAX Suggest to Output to Final Storage CS725_Hist_Blocks Suggest to Output to Final Storage CS725_K_Disp Suggest to Output to Final Storage CS725_Stats CS725_PWR_Volt Suggest to Output to Final Storage SplitStr CS725_Values loopcount CS725SplitStr loopcount 3 1 0 Next Prepare the output time string from when the CS725 produced ...

Страница 31: ... Tables DataTable Diagnostics 1 1 DataInterval 0 1440 Min 10 Minimum 1 batt_volt FP2 0 False Maximum 1 batt_volt FP2 0 False Minimum 1 PTemp FP2 0 False Maximum 1 PTemp FP2 0 False EndTable Define Data Tables DataTable CS725Hourly 1 1 DataInterval 0 60 Min 10 Sample 8 CS725_RET_Values 1 IEEE4 EndTable Main Program BeginProg Prepare COM1 for the CS725 SerialOpen Com1 9600 3 0 10000 Scan rate is dep...

Страница 32: ...8 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 8 1 Maintenance and Assembly User maintenance is required for the CS725 every 7 years Do not disassemble the CS725 for any reason The CS725 instrument is very complex and is intended to be repaired or maintained only by factory trained personnel It is recommended that the CS725 be calibrated every 7 years to ensure the gamma ray detector does not drift out of spec...

Страница 33: ...trol must be enabled For all other normal communications the XON XOFF flow control needs to be disabled Once the Terminal Program is setup and the CS725 is connected to the computer using the DB9F TERM power can be supplied to the CS725 If a BAUD rate other than 9600 was selected the Auto BAUD rate synchronization can be invoked by typing the command UU Enter When the menu is displayed the command...

Страница 34: ...emory type to abort Do not interrupt this process or power down the CS725 If the process is interrupted the CS725 may need to be sent back to the factory for reprogramming Type in the command w Enter The terminal will then display that the programming has begun Progress will be displayed as follows Begin EPROM programming Erasing block 0x0 Writing EPROM from 0x0 to 0xffff Upon completion the CS725...

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Страница 36: ...resents the counts for BIN 1024 3 hp The hp command is used to obtain the current bin positions for the Tl and 40 K peaks In general the Tl peak should be near 438 and the 40 K peak should be near 245 It is important for the software to find the peaks properly in order to obtain proper SWE measurements In most cases the sensor must be monitoring for at least 2 min to determine these bin positions ...

Страница 37: ...ommand for details Please note that the hr command can take several minutes to complete When the command is entered the hr command will immediately report the duration of the current manual count time as follows Elapsed time current histo 00 03 59 HH MM SS Wait for the calculation to complete There will then be a pause that can take several minutes After the pause a histogram will be output follow...

Страница 38: ... 3600 sec 1 h as a minimum The example below shows the syntax for the recommended delay and duration for the manual measurement Delay should be larger or equal to 5 seconds Format Delay Duration 5 space 3600 Enter After completion the hr command can then be used to view the results in detail If the CS725 is placed in Auto or HCalib mode the following message will be printed This function should be...

Страница 39: ...ylight Savings time correction Change the time and date by using the following command dd space dd mm yyyy space hh mm ss Enter Example dd space 05 11 2010 space 10 46 00 Enter Use the d Enter command to confirm the time has been set properly 10 hd Output histogram data for a specific date Ex hd Enter Histograms Select first day to retrieve Modify that date 1 yyyy 2011 2 mm 01 3 dd 16 0 Exit 99 Ac...

Страница 40: ...ording to selected dates Four lines will be output for every day requested where monitoring occurred See the section under fl for output details The date selection procedure is the same as the hd command 12 fl Display only the readings of the current day which can be up to 4 detailed measurement results as follows 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 01 10 2014 23 59 1 2 52913 11342 571...

Страница 41: ...command above 08 11 2010 11 59 1234 1023 637733 485431 24425 0 706 0 47 68 47 0 26 27 24 1 1 3 12 05 15 fs Display last reading in short form Output is date and time of the readings and the SWE values in millimeters as follows DD MM YYYY HH MM SS SWE_K SWE_TL 01 10 2013 06 59 50 123 129 16 p Display the parameter setup menu as follows 1 Station ID Max 8 characters ex Gouin_21 GMON3_ 1 3 Time of st...

Страница 42: ...the serial port It is recommended to set the value to zero in order to disable the Automatic transmission of data via the serial port This is in seconds after the start of the new 24 hour period The minimum value should be 300 in order to allow the calculations to complete The maximum value is 23h 55 min 86100 sec in the case of one transmission every 24 h and 5 h 55 min 21 300 sec in the case of ...

Страница 43: ...parameter used for the auto calibration of the CS725 The auto calibration mechanism calculates baseline values for the coefficients n0Ke and n0Tl These coefficients correspond to the integrated rates of gamma rays seen by the detector for the K peak n0Ke and the Tl peak n0Tl with zero humidity The HCalib parameter is normally the humidity measured by some other means at the time of the calibration...

Страница 44: ... be used for the automatic data transmissions In interactive mode with a terminal the CS725 can adjust to the terminal s baud rate by typing UU Enter However for scheduled transmissions the CS725 will use the baud rate specified by this parameter This is for the cases when an interactive terminal used for the configuration of a site is disconnected and replaced by the normal communication device m...

Страница 45: ...ycle through 24 hour periods calculating the SWE for the previous 24 h at 6 h intervals 0 Quit without saving the new parameters on EPROM 99 Save parameters on EPROM 17 s The s command is used to Display status and current measurement information System status Present time 05 11 2010 12 40 05 Firmware Version 5c Software Version 15_L V bat Volts 12 64 V HV Volts 380 02 V HV DAC code 20472 Data acq...

Страница 46: ...ite The CS725 will prompt Allocating tempory buffer Launch the parameter file transfer with the HyperTerminal The file to retrieve will then be selected using the HyperTerminal function 20 Rhard Rboot Rhard restarts the software processor Rboot restarts the firmware and it has the same effect as a power off power on 21 UU UU CS725 Terminal synchronizing sequence for rates other than 9600 bauds The...

Страница 47: ......

Страница 48: ...80000 to 264000 270000 to 396000 Good Cnt K range Should maintain specified operating characteristics 264000 396000 Excellent Cnt K range TABLE B 2 Thallium Count Cnt Tl Guideline for SWE 24 hour Reading With Collimator Without Collimator Description 9600 14400 Insufficient Tl at site 9600 to 36000 14400 to 54000 Usable Cnt Tl range May experience larger errors for higher SWE values 36000 to 48000...

Страница 49: ...Appendix Title B 2 ...

Страница 50: ...ty of the area The size of the soil sample should be the size of a large grapefruit The CS725 measures an area of 100 m2 The five soil samples should be taken about 2 m apart in an 8 m transect underneath the sensor If there seems to be large differences in moisture contents between samples it would be advisable to sample an extra location or two Take the samples and store in the airtight containe...

Страница 51: ...ht does not change Typical drying times for a wet sample is close to 20 minutes Water is the first component of the soil to heat and evaporate If the sample is dry and microwave drying continues the soil temperature will increase and oxidize organic matter This will bias your results 5 If you are using a conventional oven place samples on a baking sheet or similar at 105 C 220 F for 24 hours 6 Aft...

Страница 52: ...CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor C 3 ...

Страница 53: ...eters Sensor Height Circular Radius Effective Measurement Area 1 M 1 73 M 9 4 M 2 M 3 46 M 38 M 3 M 5 2 M 85 M 4 M 6 93 M 151 M 5 M 8 66 M 236 M 6 M 10 39 M 339 M 7 M 12 12 M 461 M 8 M 13 86 M 603 M 9 M 15 59 M 764 M 10 M 17 32 M 942 M If a site is very open and has good uniformity it is desirable to remove the collimator rather than raising the sensor height to increase the measurement angle Remo...

Страница 54: ...m from 0 Sum from 0 0 5 0 26 M 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 2 5 10 0 26 M 1 55 2 05 0 85 1 05 10 15 0 80 M 3 0 5 05 1 55 2 6 15 20 1 09 M 4 3 9 35 2 2 4 8 20 25 1 40 M 6 0 15 35 3 1 7 9 30 35 2 1 M 9 0 32 15 5 05 17 0 35 40 2 52 M 9 55 41 7 6 0 23 0 40 45 3 00 M 9 55 51 25 7 0 30 0 45 50 3 58 M 9 2 60 45 7 9 37 9 50 55 4 28 M 8 6 69 05 8 75 46 65 55 60 5 20 M 7 9 76 95 9 15 55 8 60 65 6 43 M 6 9 83 85 9 6 65 4 6...

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Страница 56: ...Campbell Scientific Canada Corp 14532 131 Avenue NW Edmonton AB T5L 4X4 780 454 2505 www campbellsci ca AUSTRALIA BRAZIL CANADA COSTA RICA FRANCE GERMANY SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN UNITED KINGDOM USA ...

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