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Appendix B: Glossary
public-key cryptography (PKC)
: See asymmetric encryption.
public switched telephone system (PSTN)
: The global network of the world’s public telephone networks. The PSTN’s
implementation of ITU-T standards for connection and for telephone numbering makes it possible to call any telephone from any-
where in the world.
NOTE: In many areas, end-line customer devices (for example, landline telephones) use plain old telephone service (POTS) to
connect to the PSTN.
The terms “POTS” and “PSTN” are often used interchangeably, despite their references to different entities.
QOS
: See quality of service.
quality of service (QOS, QoS)
: Guarantee of a specific throughput, achieved by configuring bandwidth, packet priority, and so
forth. Also see class of service, Differentiated Services, type of service.
quick mode : The mode used for communication in phase 2 of an IPsec VPN tunnel. (Phase 2 is used for the communication
payload—for example, data transfer.)
NOTE: For phase 1 (setting up the VPN tunnel), see main mode or aggressive mode.
Compare transport mode. Also see tunnel mode.
rack unit (measurement) (U) : A measure of vertical distance defined in EIA-310. 1U is equal to 1.75 inches or 4.445 cm.
radiofrequency (RF) : Any frequency in the radiowave spectrum used for radio communication.
RADIUS (authentication)
: See Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service.
RADIUS shared secret
: A secret key used in the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service.
NOTE: The RADIUS shared secret is not a generated shared secret used in a key-agreement protocol.
Compare shared secret (generated).
re-keying : An IKE feature that sets the interval between encryption key changes. Re-keying increases key security.
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) : A network service that provides centralized authentication,
authorization, and accounting for connections to a network. Also see RADIUS shared secret.
remote connection to office : See teleworking.
replay attack : Interception and recording of a transmission, with the purpose of sending the transmission later to a recipient
unaware that the transmission is no longer legitimate. A replay attack is a type of denial-of-service attack.
Request for Comments (RFC)
: A working paper in a series maintained by IETF, to circulate and discuss proposed protocols and
other ideas for telecommunication and the internet.
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (directive) (ROHS) : A directive set forth by the European Union (EU), specifying stan-
dards that restrict or prohibit the use of specified hazardous substances in the manufacture of electric and electronic equipment.
RF : See radiofrequency.
RFC : See Request for Comments.
Rivest–Shamir–Adleman algorithm (RSA) (algorithm) : A public-key algorithm for asymmetric encryption, generally considered
secure when sufficiently long keys are used.
NOTE: A key of 512 bits is considered insecure; a key of 1024 bits is considered quite secure.
ROHS : See Restriction of Hazardous Substances.
router : A device, generally a network gateway, that determines the optimal path for each packet to reach its destination and
sends the packet along that route.