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FMHD-1 Operator’s Manual

BELAR ELECTRONICS LABORATORY, INC.

Page 35

DDC

Digital down-conversion. A digital signal processing technique whereby a digitally sampled RF or IF
signal is converted to a baseband signal in I and Q form.

DSB-SC

DSB-SC stands for “double-sideband suppressed-carrier.” This is the method of amplitude modulation of
the L-R (or “difference”) audio information in the FM-Stereo portion of the analog FM broadcast signal.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A means by which addressing and communications are
automatically established on the Internet.

DSP

An abbreviation for “digital signal processing” which may be used as a methodology (a noun) or an
adjective.

Dynamic

Refers to signals that are changing irregularly in time.

Ethernet

A communications technology for connecting computers over local area networks. It is described in IEEE
Standard 802.3. The

FMHD-1

offers the common 10/100 Base-T/TX technology.

FFT

This stands for “Fast Fourier Transform.” This is a technique used in digital signal processing that greatly
reduces the amount computation necessary to calculate the spectrum of a signal sample.

HD Radio™

This is a trademark of the iBiquity™ Corporation. It refers to the USA-based iBiquity system for
"in-band-on-channel" combined analog and digital FM transmission, which has been approved by the
Federal Communications Commission.

High-Level Combining

In FM hybrid IBOC transmitter facilities, this refers to the situation where the analog and digital carriers
are produced in separate transmitters. The outputs of the two transmitters are either combined in a high-
level RF combiner for broadcast, or are applied either to a dual-feed antenna or to two independent
antenna systems. (The first case is referred is a common-line facility; the last two cases are separate-line
facilities.)

Hybrid FM IBOC

This is the system that combines a modulated analog FM carrier with digitally modulated Primary Main
subcarriers that take the form of two sidebands. In some cases, additional Extended Main digital
sidebands are included as part of the two sidebands.

IBOC

Refers to the system in which digital carrier sets are established within the spectral band allocated to an
analog FM station, centered at its allocated center frequency.

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Содержание FMHD-1

Страница 1: ...BELAR Broadcast Equipment FMHD 1 FM HD RADIO MONITOR ...

Страница 2: ...or replace products which prove to be defective during the warranty period provided that they are returned to BELAR pre paid No other warranty is expressed or implied BELAR is not liable for consequential damages A RETURN MATERIAL AUTHORIZATION NUMBER MUST BE OBTAINED FROM BELAR IN ADVANCE OF RETURN Please call 610 687 5550 or email sales belar com to request an RMA number to display on the outsid...

Страница 3: ...BELAR ELECTRONICS LABORATORY INC Operator s Manual FMHD 1 FM HD Radio Monitor 2006 2018 v 10 0 2 Starting Serial 450395 Edited 10 2 2018 12 44 PM Broadcast Equipment ...

Страница 4: ......

Страница 5: ...____________________ 9 3 5 1 Audio Outputs_____________________________________________________________________ 9 3 5 2 XLR Connections analog channels 1 8 ________________________________________________ 9 3 5 3 AES EBU BNC Connections digital output channels 1 6 __________________________________ 10 3 5 4 Composite Signal Outputs __________________________________________________________ 10 3 5 ...

Страница 6: ...opup Menu_____________________________________________________ 25 6 3 Settings Popup Menus ______________________________________________________ 25 6 3 1 Unit Settings Popup Menu __________________________________________________________ 25 6 3 2 Output Settings Popup Menu________________________________________________________ 26 6 3 3 Network Status Popup Menu___________________________________...

Страница 7: ...__________________________________________________________ 40 10 1 Table 1 FMHD 1 DISPLAY SCREENS ___________________________________________ 40 10 2 Table 2 FMHD 1 POPUP MENU MAP _________________________________________ 41 10 3 Table 3 FMHD 1 Alarms Relays Screen Defaults and Ranges ______________________ 46 ...

Страница 8: ...FMHD 1 Operator s Manual ...

Страница 9: ...nits 89mm X 483mm The unit and rear panel connectors extend 14 inches 362mm to the rear of the front face of the rack rails but additional space should be allowed to accommodate the connectors used to make the necessary electrical connections and adjust the RF input level controls The standard XLR audio output connectors require a total depth of no less than about 16 inches 419mm behind the front ...

Страница 10: ...alog and digital form There are eight user configurable outputs in analog format These are low distortion low noise outputs suitable for driving high quality audio monitoring equipment via long terminated lines Any of the audio signals may also be monitored via a front panel headphone jack There are six digital user configurable AES 3ID outputs The recovered analog FM stereo composite signal is av...

Страница 11: ...rogram Presence 8 channels HD L R Presence 8 channels Analog FM Modulation Measurement Modulation Peak Ave Min Total L R L R L R 0 to 125 0 0 1 resolution Pilot 0 to 15 0 0 1 resolution Accuracy is better than 1 Metering of Analog FM Stereo conforms to legacy FCC guidelines FFT RF Spectrum Analysis Display Modes Realtime Peak Hold Average Infinite Hold Amplitude Number of Points 181 Scale 100 0 to...

Страница 12: ... The first additional HD decoder plugs into an auxiliary card edge connector on the FMHD 1 main circuit board Addition of either a third or a third and fourth HD encoder requires the added purchase of one expander card for their installation There are no other accessories for the FMHD 1 available from Belar 2 Preliminaries 2 1 Initial Inspection Check the shipping carton for external damage If the...

Страница 13: ...ng in the display 3 Installation 3 1 Operating Environment AC Line Power The FMHD 1 All In One FM Modulation Monitor is designed to be mounted in a standard 19 inch 48cm rack with EIA standard spacing Air space should be provided above and below the unit to provide cooling When mounted above heat generating equipment consideration should be given to the requirement of the free movement of cooler a...

Страница 14: ...the FMHD 1 or other instrumentation used to evaluate the RF system Separate Line Facilities In the situation where two transmitters independently feed either a dual feed antenna or two separate antennas via two transmission lines the two high level inputs on the FMHD 1 are fed RF samples obtained from each transmission line A precision RF combiner in the monitor sums the analog and digital RF comp...

Страница 15: ...econd 50Ω coaxial cable to carry the digital RF sample from its source to the BNC jack labeled IN 2 on the rear of the FMHD 1 The FMHD 1 RF input level is displayed near the center of the Main Tuning Screen directly under the tuning frequency readout When the RF Input Select is set to High Level the RF level indication is a bargraph indicating in percent which is demarcated in 20 increments One hu...

Страница 16: ...nd reduce the level of the RF sample at its source 8 Adjust the FMHD 1 IN 1 potentiometer setting to obtain approximately 100 RF Level 9 Using the rotary encoder activate the FMHD 1 RF Spectrum Screen See Section 4 beginning on page 11 for instructions Activate the Spectrum popup menu and set Measurements to ON 10 If the RF sample is properly obtained the Ratio indication in the spectrum display s...

Страница 17: ... output connectors carrying the monitor audio and test signals in analog form and three BNC output connectors providing six signals in the serial digital AES EBU format At initial power up the monitor signals are automatically assigned to the outputs according to the defaults listed in Table 2 FMHD 1 Popup Menu Map under Settings Outputs 3 5 2 XLR Connections analog channels 1 8 Analog output chan...

Страница 18: ...in digital form Consult the factory concerning their use To obtain the most the most accurate measurements with the lowest noise and distortion residuals set up the FMHD 1 at the transmitter and use a high level input signal taken from the transmission line feeding the antenna With this arrangement the analog receiver front end is bypassed When the LVDS digital format Composite Output is used the ...

Страница 19: ...izWin software running on a remote PC The PC may be connected to the FMHD 1 via either the rear panel RS 232 port or an Ethernet type LAN or internet connection The WizWin software presents a virtual image of the FMHD 1 front panel display on the PC screen Therefore remote operation on a PC mimics operation from the front panel and will not be discussed To download the latest version of the WizWin...

Страница 20: ...ellow Rotate the encoder knob until the cursor is at the Exit Screen symbol at the upper right corner of the display Momentarily depress the encoder knob The symbol will disappear Then with the symbol absent rotation of the knob will advance the display to the next screen 4 2 5 Entering a Popup Menu Any of the popup menus may be entered through the popup menu selection pull down which is accessibl...

Страница 21: ... presents two types of modulation indications The analog FM channel for the hybrid system is monitored for peak frequency deviation of the analog FM carrier with 75 0 kHz peak deviation representing 100 modulation the FCC limit This analog modulation indication is displayed in the Total bargraph on the Analog FM Stereo Screen Modulation indications for the IBOC digital channels are more correctly ...

Страница 22: ...ed by successively higher ones Correspondingly Minimum readings are collected until replaced by successively lower ones 4 4 FMHD 1 Bargraph Displays Two of the FMHD 1 display screens have three color bar graphs to indicate dynamically changing signal levels These tri color bar graphs provide simultaneous indications of the Peak modulation or program level in red the Average level in yellow and the...

Страница 23: ...x adjacent to that channel s designation A red box indicates that a channel that is not available has been selected for Decoder 1 For operational convenience this set of eight program status indicators can also be used to select which program stream is sent to Digital Decoder 1 With the FMHD 1 output settings appropriately set selecting a digital program stream for Decoder 1 allows one to easily d...

Страница 24: ...Acq Time Data This is the measured time delay in milliseconds between acquisition of synchronization with the IBOC digital carriers and the receipt of the first valid cyclic redundancy check in a Station Information Service data frame Acq Time Audio This is the measured time delay in milliseconds between acquisition of synchronization with the IBOC digital carriers and the first recovery of an aud...

Страница 25: ...d Long Name This is a series of up to 56 characters that may include the station call sign or other message The coding is based on the least significant 7 bits of the ISO 8859 1 character set Country This is the decimal representation of the 10 bit binary number formed from the two five bit binary codes for alphabetical characters from the ISO 3166 1 alpha 2 code elements for the country For the U...

Страница 26: ...first column then in the second Port ID This is the port used in the data transport to deliver a particular service stream Data port 4 is the data port for SIS processing Service ID This is the identifier of the basic PSD service application Session Type This is the session type for basic PSD data It is 00 Num Packets The number of packets in the queue to be read by the host processor It really is...

Страница 27: ...tering This might occur inadvertently when the station has been changed to another lacking the previously selected program service For audio metering of a digital program channel to be possible an FMHD 1 digital decoder must be assigned to that digital program stream The assignment of decoders is established by a user selection made in either the Main Tuning Screen or the Program Selection Screen ...

Страница 28: ...tereo demodulation in FM stereo receivers This is normally set to 9 0 modulation or 6 75 kHz peak deviation Because it is a steady tone only a yellow RMS indication is shown Left and Right indications show the modulation of the FM carrier due to the left and right program audio Here 100 corresponds to 75 kHz peak deviation of the carrier For normal operation maximum Left and Right modulation is 90...

Страница 29: ...ause at near cancellation of audio at the receiver output at some point in the analog digital blending process With timing errors the cancellation can produce undesirable effects in the audio This condition should be corrected somewhere in the audio chain ahead of the analog or HD exciters Quick visual confirmation of proper hybrid setup is afforded by a green polarity indication and two red and y...

Страница 30: ...nal To exit after setting a decoder input move the cursor to the decoder marked at the top of the present column and momentarily depress the encoder knob The decoder designator will turn yellow Advance the cursor to the exit symbol in the upper right of the screen and again tap the encoder knob Rotation of the encoder will advance through the screens in the display 5 8 BER Data Screen This screen ...

Страница 31: ...ally left or right across the five columns of settings in wrap around fashion By pressing the encoder a second time the setting where the cursor rests is highlighted green and adjustments may be made to that setting by rotating the encoder The seventh column contains tri color indicators that show the alarm status for each row They are green when no alarm condition exists for the corresponding sig...

Страница 32: ...creen These test signals also confirm proper operation of the analog FM demodulator which provides these indications The demodulated test signals appear at the FMHD 1 Composite Output on the rear panel However the calibration signals do not pass through the demodulator which provides the audio metering indications and audio output of the analog portion of the hybrid FM IBOC signal Nor are the cali...

Страница 33: ...old of peak modulation required to activate the Total Peak alarm It is set in where 100 corresponds to 75 kHz peak deviation of the analog FM carrier This threshold may also be set via the Alarms Relay Screen where its timeout and the alarm activations may be controlled 6 3 Settings Popup Menus The following Popup Menus are brought onto the FMHD 1 display screen by using the encoder to select the ...

Страница 34: ...tput Settings Popup Menu This Popup Menu allows any one of fifty six audio signals or signal combinations decoded or generated by the FMHD 1 to be assigned to each of the eight XLR analog outputs and six AES EBU digital outputs available from three 75Ω BNC coaxial jacks on the FMHD 1 rear panel These same fifty six audio signals may also be directed to the two individual channels of the front pane...

Страница 35: ...panel headphone output are at the bottom of the Outputs Popup Menu As for the analog and digital programs above one of the fifty two audio signals and four test signals may be chosen for either the Left or Right headphone channel outputs The sources are chosen by the encoder knob with the cursor placed adjacent to either the L or R at the bottom of the screen Placing the cursor at and then highlig...

Страница 36: ...der knob The selected letter appears on the composing line and the underscore moves one space to the right to accept the next character When the address is completed the encoder is rotated to move the cursor past the word Cursor to Done Depressing the encoder returns the user to the email viewing screen When an alarm condition triggers an e mail the text describing the alarm the descriptive text a...

Страница 37: ...um Parameters The rotary encoder controls the spectrum display via six on screen parameters and several additional parameters that appear in a sub menu The six measurement parameters appear across the top of the display and in its lower right corner The parameters are dB The dB parameter for decibel effectively varies the measurement scale by moving that portion of the signal spectrum visible on t...

Страница 38: ...equency resolution HR The C2 cursor also provides a numerical readout of the spectral amplitude present at the C2 frequency The numerical value is displayed directly below the C2 parameter in the upper right corner of the spectrum display This number corresponds to the Y axis value of the display kHz The kHz parameter for kilohertz effectively changes the portion of the frequency spectrum that is ...

Страница 39: ...itude of the larger signal using the C1 cursor By setting the 0 dB Ref Lev to this amplitude using the encoder the signal spectrum will shift up so the 0 dB label on the vertical axis will be directly across from the vertical position of the desired reference signal Readings on the vertical axis for other signals will then directly indicate the amplitude relative to the desired reference signal Cu...

Страница 40: ...rs 7 With Mask set to OFF no spectral limit overlay appears LSB Limit This parameter adjusts the power level of the lower sideband mask step relative to 0 dBc the reference analog carrier level of 0dB It is varied using the rotary encoder from 40 0 dB to 20 0 dB in 0 1 dB increments USB Limit This parameter adjusts the power level of the upper sideband mask step relative to 0 dBc the reference ana...

Страница 41: ...ransmission lines In the case of the FMHD 1 the designation refers to AES 3ID a variation of the standard for transmission over 75Ω coaxial cables Average AVG For DC signals the voltage value of a signal integrated over a specified interval of time In the case of AC signals the absolute value of a signal voltage integrated over a specified time interval Because of the importance of maintaining mod...

Страница 42: ...ier Power See the definition for Decibel above In this case the reference power in the expression 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 𝑃𝑃2 𝑃𝑃𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 10 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 𝑃𝑃2 𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 is the power level of the carrier For FM hybrid IBOC systems Pcarruer is the assigned power of the analog FM carrier De Emphasis Because FM transmission is susceptible to high frequency noise special high frequency attenuation referred t...

Страница 43: ... that greatly reduces the amount computation necessary to calculate the spectrum of a signal sample HD Radio This is a trademark of the iBiquity Corporation It refers to the USA based iBiquity system for in band on channel combined analog and digital FM transmission which has been approved by the Federal Communications Commission High Level Combining In FM hybrid IBOC transmitter facilities this r...

Страница 44: ...ultiplied by a 38 kHz sine wave to generator the stereo sub channel of the composite signal The stereo sub channel or difference channel falls between 23 kHz and 53 kHz in the composite signal L R is also used to refer to the modulated difference channel Low level Combining In FM hybrid IBOC transmitter facilities this refers to the situation where the analog and digital carriers are combined at l...

Страница 45: ...equency for the rising filter response See De Emphasis above RF This refers to radio frequency either as an adjective or as a noun RMS This is the root mean square It is the power equivalent of a voltage or current signal Separate Line Facilities In FM hybrid IBOC transmitter facilities this refers to the situation where two transmitters independently feed either a dual feed antenna or two separat...

Страница 46: ...will default to an APIPA address if no DHCP server is present when they are booted up d To obtain the Units IP address on the FMHD 1 activate the popup menu and select Settings under Settings select the Network Status submenu to display the current network information Make sure that the FMHD 1 is power cycled after the RJ 45 cable has been connected to the unit e To set a Static IP address on the ...

Страница 47: ...rently in FMHD 1 unit To start the update click the Update EPROM Button the front panel of the FMHD 1 will show the update status 9 4 Updating the FMHD 1 Lantronix Ethernet Controller The Lantronix Ethernet Controller should be updated to version 4 0 0 0 for proper operation of the unit Establish a computer connection to the unit using either the RS 232 Port or the RJ 45 Ethernet Jack See the prev...

Страница 48: ...or selections The screens are listed in the same sequence as they appear in the display In this manual however the RF spectrum Screen is the last to be described Main Tuning Screen SIS Data Screen PSD Data Screen Audio Bargraphs Screen Analog FM Stereo Screen RF Spectrum Screen Time Alignment Screen Program Selection Screen BER Data Screen Alarms Relay Screen ...

Страница 49: ...opup Heading Selections Popup Options RF Input Select Antenna High Level Tuning 87 3 to 108 1 MHz in 0 1 MHz steps 94 5 MHz default setting Calibrator OFF ZERO Mono 1kHz Left 1kHz Left 5kHz Left 11 kHz Left 15 kHz Mute AUTO OFF ON Composite Filter BW Stereo 92kHz Stereo RDS Stereo 67kHz Peak Mod 0 0 to 150 0 in steps of 0 1 100 0 default value ...

Страница 50: ...t value 0 dB Ref Lev 100 0 dB to 0 0 dB 20 0 dB default value Curve Fill ON OFF Colors ON AUTO OFF Mask OFF ON LSB Limit 40 0 dB to 20 0 dB 40 0 dB default value USB Limit 40 0 dB to 20 0 dB 40 0 dB default value Measurements OFF ON This provides automatic sideband power level calculations Settings Unit Time Mode Past Real Hold Time 0 25 sec to 5 0 secs in 0 5 sec steps 0 5 sec default Infinite OF...

Страница 51: ...3 L Ch 4 HD1 R Ch 8 HD3 R AES EBU defaults listed Ch 1 ANL L Ch 5 HD2 L Ch 2 ANL R Ch 6 HD2 R Ch 3 HD1 L Ch 4 HD1 R Each channel above can be assigned any of the following signals L R L R L R TST 0 TST 3 TST 6 and Mute For L R L R and L R the source must be selected from the choices ANL HD1 through HD8 or D1 through D4 Headphone L D1 L R D1 R Each headphone channel above can be assigned any one of...

Страница 52: ...s above default to DHCP OFF The addresses are entered manually Apply Depress encoder knob to apply settings Status IDLE or ACTIVE read only Settings Email The entries below are present in each of the four alarm messages Email 1 through Email 4 TO An SMTP address of a series of 94 possible characters 24 characters in length CC An SMTP address of a series of 94 possible characters 24 characters in l...

Страница 53: ...essages A running list of operational and status indications issued by the IBOC digital module Clear Placing the cursor on Clear and depressing the knob clears the list of status messages from the popup display pane Reset Placing the cursor on Reset and depressing the knob repeats the command sequence which established the decoder s present operational status Reboot Placing the cursor on Reboot an...

Страница 54: ...N N N N A 1 to 600 HD Audio LED N A 10 N N N N A 1 to 600 SIS CRC LED N A 10 N N N N A 1 to 600 QI Value 10 10 N N N 0 to 15 1 to 600 CD NO 50 0dB 10 N N N 30 0dB to 80 0dB 1 to 600 Loss of HD1 L R 10 00 N A N N N 0 0 to 150 0 1 to 600 Loss of HD2 L R 10 00 N A N N N 0 0 to 150 0 1 to 600 Loss of HD3 L R 10 00 N A N N N 0 0 to 150 0 1 to 600 Loss of HD4 L R 10 00 N A N N N 0 0 to 150 0 1 to 600 Lo...

Страница 55: ...FMHD 1 Operator s Manual BELAR ELECTRONICS LABORATORY INC Page 47 ...

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Страница 58: ...BELAR ELECTRONICS LABORATORY INC ...

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