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Understanding THD+N

Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise, or THD+N, is one ofthe most common and
widely used measurements made on audio devices. Virtually every type ofdevice
used to produce, transmit, or process audio signals has a THD+N specification.

Fundamentally, THD+N is a measurement ofsound that is not supposed to be
there. Ifyour device is creating a sound, you want it to create that sound and
nothing else. However, all devices create other sounds as well.

The unwanted sounds break down into four basic categories:

.

Harmonic Distortion

- unwanted sound that is related to the desired sound.

.

Random Noise

- unwanted sound caused by random fluctuations in

electronic components.

.

Interference -

unwanted sound related to other signals within the device or

environment.

.

Hum

- unwanted sound related to the frequency of the main supply voltage.

Harmonic distortion is caused by slight imperfections in the creation or recreation of
the sound. These imperfections generally cause unwanted sounds to be generated at
whole-number frequency multiples of the desired sound.

Random noise is created by almost every type ofelectronic component. Noise
sounds generally sound like ‘ffff...’ and are generated regardless of whether there is a
desired sound being created or not. Some noise exists at every frequency.

Hum is created by the main supply voltage leaking into the audio signal. It exists at
the frequency of the supply voltage and whole-number multiples of this frequency.

Interference is caused by other signals leaking into the sound signal. Crosstalk is a
certain type of interference caused by sound leaking in from other audio channels
within the device.

The THD+N measurement includes all four types of unwanted sound. If any of
these are excessive, it will be noticeable in a THD+N reading. In this way, a single
THD+N reading can be a good indication that a device is operating properly.

The THD+N reading alone does not tell you which type ofunwanted sound is
dominant. Ifthe reading is unexpectedly high, you may need further testing to
determine the source ofthe unwanted sound. More detail on determining which
type ofunwanted sound is causing the problem is given in the section ‘Isolating
Sources ofTHD+N’ on page 4-37.

4

Oper

ati

o

n

Controlling the Analyzer : THD+N (Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise)

Operation

Portable One Plus Access User's Manual

4-29

Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com

Содержание Portable One Plus Access

Страница 1: ...lized and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade ins Custom engineering so your equipment works exactly as you specify Critical and expedited services Leasing Rentals Demos In stock R...

Страница 2: ...Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 3: ...Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Version 2 June 2001 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 4: ...main are trademarks or registered trademarks of Audio Precision Inc This mark signifies that the product conforms to all applicable requirements of the European Community A Declaration of Conformance...

Страница 5: ...nections 2 9 External Connections 3 1 Concepts and Terminology 3 1 Balanced vs Unbalanced 3 1 Analyzer Inputs and Generator Outputs 3 2 Trigger Output 3 5 Monitor Outputs 3 6 Printer Port 3 7 GPIB Int...

Страница 6: ...Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise 4 25 SPECIAL SECTION Understanding THD N 4 29 What Signal is Dominant 4 31 Selecting Bandwidth 4 31 Changes with Frequency 4 34 Changes with Amplitude 4 35 THD N...

Страница 7: ...ble Diagrams 6 8 Balanced Connections 6 8 Unbalanced Connections 6 9 Unbalanced Stereo Connections 6 11 Appendix A Units Quick Reference 7 1 Appendix B Option Filter Installation 8 1 Appendix C Monito...

Страница 8: ...vi Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 9: ...ce voltage 100 120 230 or 240 Vrms with the appropriate fuses Different fuses are required depending on the line voltage The International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 1010 1 requires that measurin...

Страница 10: ...uipment If you see this marked on equipment consult the User s Manual or Operator s Manual for precautionary instructions FUNCTIONAL EARTH TERMINAL This symbol marks a terminal that is electrically co...

Страница 11: ...or other equipment The fourth chapter is about operating the instrument It describes the buttons and knobs the information shown on the display and how to control every aspect of the instrument The f...

Страница 12: ...Introduction to this Manual x Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 13: ...ice SMPTE DIN intermodulation distortion optional Real time two channel amplitude ratio interchannel balance or device gain loss Real time frequency selective crosstalk Wow and Flutter SINAD ratio of...

Страница 14: ...nits including the following Volts dBm with a user specified impedance reference dBu dBV dBr dB relative to a stored measured value dBg dB relative to the present generator output amplitude Watts with...

Страница 15: ...and graphs are displayed on a sharp clear backlighted liquid crystal display The Portable One Plus Access can be purchased with or without the P1 IMD option which allows generation and analysis of Int...

Страница 16: ...NOTES 1 Introduction Introducing the Portable One Plus Access 1 4 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 17: ...n to a horizontal position and slide it into the storage slot below the front panel Notice that on the inside of the cover are simplified operation instructions for use as a quick reminder of common f...

Страница 18: ...be latched into its storage position To use it pivot it out toward the front panel and rest the instrument on it as shown in the following figure Tilt Bail Figure 2 2 Tilt Bail 2 Setting Up Getting S...

Страница 19: ...0mA T SB 250V SUPPLY VOLTAGE FUSE MAXIMUM POWER 60 VA FREQUENCY 50 60 Hz 100 120 230 240 VAC SUPPLY VOLTAGE TRIGGER SIGNALS INPUT ANALOG DIGITAL BAL BAL UNBAL UNBAL 5Vpp MAX 5Vpp MAX OPTICAL OPTICAL M...

Страница 20: ...page 4 17 Screen saver page 4 10 dBr ZERO 350 Vpk MAX PRINT INSTRUMENT MODE PANELS BARGRAPH SWEEP MONITOR CONTRAST RECALL SAVE CAT II FUNCTION dBr ZERO LEVEL PHASE RATIO XTALK GEN LOAD THD N SINAD IMD...

Страница 21: ...which allows test setups to be saved and recalled from memory MONITOR AND CONTRAST CONTROLS The contrast control adjusts the contrast of the LCD display The MONITOR knob controls the volume of the sig...

Страница 22: ...INPUT REFERENCE DIGITAL OUTPUT DIGITAL INPUT Manufactured in Beaverton Oregon USA PARALLEL PRINTER IEEE 488 INTERFACE 5 247 458 5 420 516 5 336 989 Other patent applications pending 4 614 914 4 563 65...

Страница 23: ...is connects to a line cord to provide power input POWER SWITCH This switch turns the main power supply to the Portable One Plus Access on 1 and off 0 Checking Line Voltage page 2 3 Connecting Power pa...

Страница 24: ...ppropriate box If there are any other unique characteristics of the unit codes will be placed in the Special box These may be special modifications or requirements from certain upgrade combinations In...

Страница 25: ...B INPUT AMPLITUDE DEC 10dB INC 10dB FREQUENCY 10 INC 10 x DEC B A A B CAT II PRINT INSTRUMENT MODE PANELS BARGRAPH SWEEP MONITOR CONTRAST RECALL SAVE CAT II FUNCTION dBr ZERO LEVEL PHASE RATIO XTALK...

Страница 26: ...NOTES 2 Setting Up Getting Started Typical Connections 2 10 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 27: ...nced connections are generally used in professional applications because of their higher immunity to interference and noise Unbalanced connections are generally used in consumer applications because t...

Страница 28: ...vices use only the Channel A input and output connectors For stereo or 2 channel devices Channel A is usually used for the Left channel and Channel B for the Right channel dBr ZERO 350 Vpk MAX PRINT I...

Страница 29: ...tion of 600 is required 1 2 Press the LEVEL button This will select the LEVEL measurement function If you do not see this screen press PANELS until it appears FREQUENCY FREQUENCY FUNCTION ANALOG dBr Z...

Страница 30: ...DE PANELS BARGRAPH SWEEP MONITOR CONTRAST RECALL SAVE CAT II FUNCTION dBr ZERO LEVEL PHASE RATIO XTALK GEN LOAD THD N SINAD IMD W F AC MAINS CHECK AMPL NOISE ANALYZER INPUTS GENERATOR OUTPUTS PORTABLE...

Страница 31: ...E 488 INTERFACE 5 247 458 5 420 516 5 336 989 Other patent applications pending 4 614 914 4 563 652 4 631 522 5 089 981 5 136 267 5 265 201 This product is protected by one or more of the following pa...

Страница 32: ...GER SIGNALS INPUT ANALOG DIGITAL BAL BAL UNBAL UNBAL 5Vpp MAX 5Vpp MAX OPTICAL OPTICAL MONITORS INPUT REFERENCE DIGITAL OUTPUT DIGITAL INPUT Manufactured in Beaverton Oregon USA PARALLEL PRINTER IEEE...

Страница 33: ...mA T SB 250V 100 120 VAC 500mA T SB 250V SUPPLY VOLTAGE FUSE MAXIMUM POWER 60 VA FREQUENCY 50 60 Hz 100 120 230 240 VAC SUPPLY VOLTAGE TRIGGER SIGNALS INPUT ANALOG DIGITAL BAL BAL UNBAL UNBAL 5Vpp MAX...

Страница 34: ...UNBAL 5Vpp MAX 5Vpp MAX OPTICAL OPTICAL MONITORS INPUT REFERENCE DIGITAL OUTPUT DIGITAL INPUT Manufactured in Beaverton Oregon USA PARALLEL PRINTER IEEE 488 INTERFACE 5 247 458 5 420 516 5 336 989 Oth...

Страница 35: ...CONTROL KEYS INSTRUMENT MODE KEYS RECALL SAVE KEY MONITOR CONTROLS CONTRAST KNOB dBr ZERO 350 Vpk MAX PRINT INSTRUMENT MODE PANELS BARGRAPH SWEEP MONITOR CONTRAST RECALL SAVE CAT II FUNCTION dBr ZERO...

Страница 36: ...EL IF P1DD 488 OPTION INSTALLED Figure 4 2 Navigating the Panels Shortcut Pressing any FUNCTION button will take you to the Main Panel even if the measurement function does not change 4 Operation Oper...

Страница 37: ...ses of the PANELS key will cycle through the other panels returning you to the Main panel after all the other panels have been seen The BARGRAPH key provides access to the Bargraph panel which looks l...

Страница 38: ...des a number of features relating to printing of the sweep data This panel will allow you to print the data as a graph an exact image of the Sweep Panel a screen dump or a table of data It also allows...

Страница 39: ...unctions controlled by the Soft keys also may depend on other factors such as the measurement function currently selected The specific functions of the Soft keys are discussed in conjunction with each...

Страница 40: ...y parameter by a certain step size The user can program the step size choosing either a specific linear step size or choosing ISO which will step among the ISO standard 1 3 octave values This setting...

Страница 41: ...specific volt value and a specific decibel value When a specific value is selected the AMPLITUDE controls can be used to adjust the step value If the 1 00 dB ISO option is selected the behavior of th...

Страница 42: ...be the same as the signal at the input There is a jumper inside the instrument which allows this to be changed so that the monitor follows the measured signal after being processed for the reading To...

Страница 43: ...t key again The month will be highlighted and can be set in a similar fashion The day hour minute and second can be set with subsequent presses of the soft key The clock will restart as soon as the so...

Страница 44: ...hour screen saver mode This mode is entered by pressing the BARGRAPH key and RECALL SAVE key simultaneously The display will go dark to acknowledge that eight hour mode has been invoked and another k...

Страница 45: ...Vpp Balanced or 17 2 Vpp Unbalanced With the optional intermodulation generation and analysis hardware it can generate dual tone intermodulation distortion signals It can operate in any of four differ...

Страница 46: ...hape The waveform shape is controlled by the upper left soft key on the Generator Only panel Waveform shapes of sine square and IMD if IMD option is installed are available with subsequent presses of...

Страница 47: ...where Vl is the voltage across the load Vs is the source voltage Rl is the load impedance and Rs is the source impedance For example if you output a 1 volt signal using the 40 source impedance and lo...

Страница 48: ...og generator Part of the analog generator s source impedance is shared between the two channels so this must be included in the dBm calculations Any channels that are turned on for generation are assu...

Страница 49: ...se ratio wideband weighted or selective THD N total harmonic distortion plus noise Interchannel phase and input to output phase shift Real time two channel amplitude ratio interchannel balance or devi...

Страница 50: ...ssed Pressing the GEN button once will connect the primary measurement to the internal gen mon path Pressing GEN a second time will connect both inputs to the internal gen mon paths FUNCTION KEYS INPU...

Страница 51: ...ion key will configure the instrument for that measurement function and display the results of the measurement Some FUNCTION buttons choose two different measurement functions The first measurement is...

Страница 52: ...the input signal or the frequency of the bandpass filter if the SELECTIVE filter is chosen Figure 4 12 Main Panel in AMPL Function FREQUENCY COUNTER BAND PASS FILTER WEIGHTING FILTERS PRIMARY READING...

Страница 53: ...t corner of the display shows the filter center frequency which can be adjusted with the FREQUENCY controls The SELECTIVE filter can be used to create spectrum analysis sweeps In this type of measurem...

Страница 54: ...is no filter in slot 1 the display will read NO AUX1 and no filter is selected AUX2 Weighted with optional weighting filter installed in slot 2 If there is no filter in slot 2 the display will read NO...

Страница 55: ...anually turned on if necessary In addition to the units listed for the Amplitude function the top left soft key can be used to select the dB unit If this unit is selected a Figure 4 14 Main Panel in N...

Страница 56: ...mize signal to noise ratio Each measurement function remembers its settings so returning to that function will invoke the same filter and detector options Operating convenience for many users is enhan...

Страница 57: ...tion The INPUT A and INPUT B keys select the input for the primary measurement The opposite channel is automatically selected for the secondary measurement The GEN key will select the internal Figure...

Страница 58: ...e Plus Access is capable as long as the measured signal is above about 10 mV The Amplitude function provides wider dynamic range but at reduced accuracy When in Level function the bargraph panel provi...

Страница 59: ...ed in this measurement one to measure the signal before filtering and another to measure the filtered signal Figure 4 18 Main Panel in THD N Function FREQUENCY COUNTER NOTCH FILTER WEIGHTING FILTERS P...

Страница 60: ...wn on the upper right of the display and it may be adjusted with the FREQUENCY controls This will not give a valid THD N reading unless it is tuned to the fundamental frequency on the input The AUTO T...

Страница 61: ...ations are available UN WTD The unweighted selection provides no filtering except selectable bandwidth limiting The lower center soft key selects the lower band limit 10 Hz 22 Hz or 400 Hz The lower r...

Страница 62: ...ise when measuring high quality audio devices so the specified band limiting filter must be used if measurements are to correspond to manufacturer s specifications The 80 kHz lowpass filter is the mos...

Страница 63: ...mponent Noise sounds generally sound like ffff and are generated regardless of whether there is a desired sound being created or not Some noise exists at every frequency Hum is created by the main sup...

Страница 64: ...e reading is presented as a ratio of the two voltmeter readings Notice that the final measurement is wideband It measures the total of all the noise sources within the frequency range of interest It i...

Страница 65: ...re significant contributor The section Isolating Sources of THD N page 4 37 explains some strategies for determining which unwanted signal is dominating the reading Selecting Bandwidth Selection of a...

Страница 66: ...harmonic distortion at 2 kHz 3 kHz and 4 kHz an interfering tone at 490 Hz random noise and 60 Hz hum The THD N measurement includes all of these and reads 0 229 If we use the 400 Hz bandpass filter t...

Страница 67: ...distortion products at 2 kHz 3 kHz and 4 kHz are probably contributing Next we can invoke the 22 kHz lowpass filter The spectrum then looks like this The high frequency noise has been eliminated and...

Страница 68: ...uded in the THD N measurement at that frequency This can be a useful technique for locating a source of interference If you suspect interference at a certain frequency make a THD N measurement with th...

Страница 69: ...actually increase as signal amplitude decreases If you suspect this you may want to make an absolute THD N measurement which does not include the amplitude before filtering in the measurement This is...

Страница 70: ...tuned to the fundamental frequency In this case the signals before and after the filter will be dominated by the fundamental tone and the filter will be removing nothing except a tiny insignificant pi...

Страница 71: ...um nor distortion it must be either random noise or interference To distinguish between these two run a spectrum analysis sweep To do this change to the AMPL measurement function and choose the SELECT...

Страница 72: ...ude units may be selected by pressing the top center soft key Figure 4 20 Main Panel in SINAD Function FREQUENCY COUNTER NOTCH FILTER WEIGHTING FILTERS PRIMARY READING DETECTOR BANDWIDTH LIMITING FILT...

Страница 73: ...ode is set to OFF the lower left soft key selects between 400 Hz and 1 kHz Changing this setting changes both the generator and the notch filter to the selected frequency The generator frequency may t...

Страница 74: ...22 Main Panel in PHASE Function FREQUENCY COUNTER PRIMARY READING DETECTOR GENERATOR MONITORS B A INPUT RANGING INPUT TERMINATION INPUT TERMINATION LCD DISPLAY INPUT RANGING PHASE DETECTOR REF MEASUR...

Страница 75: ...or very close to 180 degrees If the 180 to 180 degree range is used for these measurements readings near zero could read on either end of the range The lower right soft key controls the averaging of...

Страница 76: ...g If the S N ratio in either channel is less than 40 dB the reading may be unstable especially at low frequencies For more information on HOLDRANGE see page 4 58 4 Operation Operation Controlling the...

Страница 77: ...sent through an AM demodulator After bandwidth liming to 700 Hz the demodulated signal is measured This is the intermodulation distortion It is measured as a percentage or dB difference between the am...

Страница 78: ...normally shown The low frequency tone is shown on the left separated by a slash from the high frequency tone To change the low frequency tone press the lower right soft key This will select among 50...

Страница 79: ...ed to select the units for display The units available are dB and X Y The dB selection will compute the amplitude of the selected channel relative to the reference channel The X Y selection Figure 4 2...

Страница 80: ...oses accuracy below about 8 mV Therefore it is necessary to restrict one of the two measured amplitudes to values above 8 mV You can choose which amplitude is restricted to higher values using the low...

Страница 81: ...V Generator B 8mV 1 Gain Ch B B G B Input 8mV Generator B 8mV 2 Channel Balance A B A Input 8mV B Input 8mV Either Mode Channel Balance B A B Input 8mV A Input 8mV Either Mode Any Any 8mV 8mV Either M...

Страница 82: ...ess for analysis The instrument determines the amount of speed fluctuation and the amount of speed error Figure 4 29 Main Panel in W F Function GENERATOR MONITORS B A INPUT RANGING INPUT TERMINATION I...

Страница 83: ...e reference frequencies The lower left soft key allows selection of a weighting filter that approximates the ear s sensitivity to wow and flutter The WTD selection uses this filter the UN WTD selectio...

Страница 84: ...t channel Wow and flutter of 3 head tape machines should not be measured during simultaneous record reproduce mode since this will result in spectral nulls which can give erroneously low readings 4 Op...

Страница 85: ...channel that the main measurement is taken The alternate channel is the driven channel and its amplitude is measured for comparison to the non driven Figure 4 31 Main Panel in XTALK Function FREQUENC...

Страница 86: ...r The upper right soft key turns the reading on or off Pressing the INPUT A button will select input A for the main non driven channel and input B for the alternate driven channel It will also turn ge...

Страница 87: ...th 20 kHz bandwidth limiting The only available units are percent The upper center soft key can be used to turn the measurement off Figure 4 33 Main Panel in AC MAINS Function FREQUENCY COUNTER NOTCH...

Страница 88: ...to monitor the line voltage for extended periods of time The minimum and maximum values will be tracked and shown numerically on a printout The range of the bargraph may be set by using the lower lef...

Страница 89: ...upper left soft key has no effect The upper right section of the display shows the measured frequency of the signal The only available unit is Hz but the upper right soft key can be used to turn the r...

Страница 90: ...to obtain a graph of the impedance vs frequency One common use of this is in measuring loudspeaker impedance curves The voltage divider calculations rely on the assumption that the input impedance of...

Страница 91: ...l Generator Only Panel or Analyzer Only Panel to set some options The AMPLITUDE and FREQUENCY controls maintain their functions except when setting bargraph endpoints The upper and lower endpoints of...

Страница 92: ...nd the resolution may be limited at low amplitudes As long as the reading doesn t vary much after entering holdrange mode the range will be ideal The speaker output is taken after the ranging amplifie...

Страница 93: ...mary reading the one in the top left corner of the display can be graphed in a sweep except in the LEVEL function The units of the reading also cannot be changed from the Sweep Panel so the units shou...

Страница 94: ...is zero In either of these cases it will be linear The vertical calibration will be linear for any decibel units that is one dB occupies the same vertical span anywhere on the graph and for phase mea...

Страница 95: ...or an analog tape recorder with a moderate amount of delay between the record and reproduce heads or for recording test tapes for external response measurements SLOW sweep speed inserts a minimum del...

Страница 96: ...from one data point to the next The left center display area shows the value of the swept parameter and the value of the measurement at each point In the LEVEL measurement function the amplitude of bo...

Страница 97: ...ability to print directly to a printer connected to the external printer port located on the rear panel of the instrument The Portable One Plus Access can print a text output of the current settings a...

Страница 98: ...NT while viewing the Main Panel the Generator Only Panel or the Analyzer Only Panel the printout will be a two line text output of the current readings and generator settings like this The printout wi...

Страница 99: ...lower right soft key will print the sweep data in numerical tabular form Pressing the PRINT button again will print both the high resolution graph and the tabular printout After pressing any of these...

Страница 100: ...a has been sent to the printer so you may proceed to the next test Even if the printer is still printing it has all the data in its own memory so you are safe to do something else with the Portable On...

Страница 101: ...ter depending on the number of points in the sweep The self test does not use the PRINT key for printing the test results See Appendix F for more details on running and printing the self test 4 Operat...

Страница 102: ...this is where the setup will be stored or from where it will be recalled You can use the upper right and lower right soft keys marked SCROLL UP and SCROLL DOWN to step through the setups to highlight...

Страница 103: ...e first fifteen characters comprise the name followed by the current date and time Notice that one character is highlighted with reversed colors By default the first character should be highlighted Yo...

Страница 104: ...h will be shown on the display along with the saved data DO NOT press the SWEEP key again or the sweep will be repeated and the data destroyed The data will still be saved in the setup but you will ne...

Страница 105: ...the peak instantaneous voltage reached by the waveform each cycle For a sine wave the only waveform for which Vp is supported the value of Vp is 1 414 times V All of the dB based units use decibel cal...

Страница 106: ...changed using the AMPLITUDE controls The dB unit is available in Ratio THD N and SINAD measurement functions All of these modes have an implied reference for the main measurement which is the seconda...

Страница 107: ...a 600 load they could correctly calculate the power in dBm Since the voltage across a 600 resistor is 0 7764 Volts when it is dissipating one milliwatt most early meters were calibrated to read 0 dBm...

Страница 108: ...it to clip What is really desired is a 4 dBu signal which is 1 22 Volts This is a much more reasonable level for modern audio equipment So how can you tell which specifications are truly dBm and which...

Страница 109: ...the basic unit of frequency It is a count of the number of cycles a waveform goes through in a second It is the reciprocal of the number of seconds required for one cycle of a waveform The percent un...

Страница 110: ...reviated deg is the basic unit of phase difference between two signals Phase is generally measured on a 360 degree scale where 0 degrees means the two signals are in phase 180 degrees means they are o...

Страница 111: ...erator at the send end and a Portable One Plus Access at the receive end At the send end set the generator to the desired amplitude and select SWEEP mode Select the desired frequency resolution and SL...

Страница 112: ...s preferable to reduce the visible bobble of phase measurements at high frequencies The reproduce treble level equalization controls of both channels are then set to produce flat response at a high fr...

Страница 113: ...ay between heads at the tape speed in use is less than about 200 milliseconds Select MEDIUM speed for situations with delay between about 200 and 500 milliseconds Press the SWEEP button and hold it un...

Страница 114: ...ator frequency from a midband reference frequency to a high frequency value For example the generator can be set to 1 kHz then quickly changed between 1 kHz and 10 kHz with these buttons while adjusti...

Страница 115: ...o start measurements and start the CD player Portable One Plus Access will acquire and plot measurements across the audio band If the following track has a mid band signal such as 1 kHz the reversal i...

Страница 116: ...NOTES 5 Applications Applications Compact Disc Players 5 6 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 117: ...autoranging preamplifiers a principal meter with filters a secondary meter a wow and flutter discriminator and phase and frequency meters The principal meter consists of a switchable and tunable band...

Страница 118: ...HF TONE GENERATOR SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR MAIN OSCILLATOR SIGNAL SUMMATION OUTPUT AMPLIFIER BALANCING TRANSFORMER OUTPUT ATTENUATOR SOURCE IMPEDANCE SOURCE IMPEDANCE BACK TERMINATION BACK TERMINATION I...

Страница 119: ...ng and its reading may be used to calculate some relative readings such as THD N when or dB units are selected The AC MAINS function works by measuring the input line voltage through very large resist...

Страница 120: ...working against Pin 3 low An additional 20 source resistance is switched in series with the high terminal in unbalanced mode to preserve the same source impedance as in balanced mode When the generat...

Страница 121: ...og Generator Output Circuit 6 Diagrams Generator Output Circuit Detailed Technical Diagrams Portable One Plus Access User s Manual 6 5 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 8...

Страница 122: ...ated resistive attenuators zero 20 dB or 40 dB attenuation and switchable gain amplifiers zero 10 dB 20 dB or 30 dB gain Both the attenuator setting and the amplifier gain are microprocessor controlle...

Страница 123: ...alog Analyzer Input Circuit 6 Diagrams Analyzer Input Circuit Detailed Technical Diagrams Portable One Plus Access User s Manual 6 7 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88...

Страница 124: ...e available from many other sources The following diagram shows proper electrical connections for balanced connectors 1 2 3 XLR Male or Female 2 Conductor shielded cable 1 2 3 XLR Male or Female 2 Con...

Страница 125: ...r shielded cable Shield not connected this end 1 2 3 XLR Male or Female 2 Conductor shielded cable Shield not connected this end Sleeve Tip 1 4 Phone Plug 1 2 3 XLR Male or Female 2 Conductor shielded...

Страница 126: ...uctor arrangements should be used whenever possible 1 2 3 XLR Male or Female RCA Phono Plug Single Conductor shielded cable 1 2 3 XLR Male or Female Single Conductor shielded cable Sleeve Tip 1 4 Phon...

Страница 127: ...ations The other two configurations are also valid for testing applications but are considerably more susceptible to interference and grounding problems 1 2 3 XLR Male or Female 2 Conductor shielded c...

Страница 128: ...NOTES 6 Diagrams Detailed Technical Diagrams Cable Diagrams 6 12 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 129: ...ve to 1 milliwatt dBr Amplitude Decibels relative to a preset reference dBu Amplitude Decibels relative to 0 7746 Volts dBV Amplitude Decibels relative to 1 Volt deg Phase Basic unit of phase Hz Frequ...

Страница 130: ...NOTES Appendix A Units Quick Reference A 2 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 131: ...ont panel is visible 2 Using a Phillips cross head screwdriver remove the seven screws recessed into deep holes in the bottom of the instrument These screws are shown on Figure 8 1 Do not remove the s...

Страница 132: ...that it is right side up The two sockets for option filters are located near the right rear corner of the main circuit board They are labeled FILTER1 and FILTER2 on the circuit board Remove any filte...

Страница 133: ...sure that the front and rear panel edges go into their slots in the case Option Filter Socket 2 AUX2 Option Filter Socket 1 AUX1 REAR OF UNIT R I G H T S I D E Figure B 2 Location and Orientation of O...

Страница 134: ...to be certain that the filters are installed and functioning correctly To do this use the AMPL measurement function with gen mon connections Select WTD and select the desired filter Then go to SWEEP...

Страница 135: ...ne Plus Access This requires the ability to solder and to remove soldered components To make this change follow this procedure 1 Disconnect the Portable One Plus Access from the AC Mains supply and pl...

Страница 136: ...om the top half of the plastic case by lifting directly upwards Turn the chassis over so that it is right side up Longer Screw Figure C 1 Screws Removed for Case Disassembly ATTENTION Do NOT touch the...

Страница 137: ...changing option filters 8 Turn the chassis assembly over and reassemble it into the inverted case top Make sure that the front and rear panel edges go into their slots in the case Speaker Monitors Inp...

Страница 138: ...nsert and tighten the seven screws making sure that the longer screw is in the proper location shown on Figure 9 1 10 Reconnect power to the unit and turn it on ATTENTION Do not overtighten the screws...

Страница 139: ...0 Hz 100 120 230 240 VAC SUPPLY VOLTAGE TRIGGER SIGNALS INPUT ANALOG DIGITAL BAL BAL UNBAL UNBAL 5Vpp MAX 5Vpp MAX OPTICAL OPTICAL MONITORS INPUT REFERENCE DIGITAL OUTPUT DIGITAL INPUT Manufactured in...

Страница 140: ...g the bottom of the card Then orient the indicator pin to point upward with the plastic indicator pin assembly seated in one of the notches on the edge of the board The voltage selector card and indic...

Страница 141: ...If you see two fuses the fuse block is in the 230 240 V orientation If you see only one fuse and a metal jumper bar the fuse block is in the 100 120 V orientation These orientations are shown on Figu...

Страница 142: ...following figure 3 Invert the Fuse Block and reassemble it Make sure the the Fuse Block fits into the notch on the Support Pedestal Also be sure that the cutaway on the Fuse Block fits around the top...

Страница 143: ...20 V line voltages a single 500 mA 1 2 Amp 250 Volt slow blow fuse should be used For 230 V or 240 V line voltages two 250 mA 1 4 Amp 250 Volt slow blow fuses should be used The fuse ratings for each...

Страница 144: ...ne and Fuses Appendix D Line Voltage and Fuse Selection Checking the Fuses D 6 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www arti...

Страница 145: ...s option filters 40 10 30 20 10 0 d B r 10 200k 20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k 100k Hz Shapes of Bandwidth Limiting Filters 22 Hz Highpass 400 Hz Highpass 22 kHz Lowpass 30 kHz Lowpass 80 kHz...

Страница 146: ...nt at 1 kHz while the Dolby curve has the 0 dB point at 2 kHz Shape of A weighting Filter E Filter Shapes Appendix E Filter Shapes E 2 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Q...

Страница 147: ...T INSTRUMENT MODE PANELS BARGRAPH SWEEP MONITOR CONTRAST RECALL SAVE CAT II FUNCTION dBr ZERO LEVEL PHASE RATIO XTALK GEN LOAD THD N SINAD IMD W F AC MAINS CHECK AMPL NOISE ANALYZER INPUTS GENERATOR O...

Страница 148: ...rinter connected you may want to press PRINT instead to print the entire display The lower left soft key will change to CONTINUE When you are done observing the failure you may press this key to conti...

Страница 149: ...AMPLITUDE 14 700 V 14 975 V 15 300 V PASS TEST 2 1B 15 0 V AMPLITUDE 14 700 V 14 974 V 15 300 V PASS TEST 2 2A 5 0 V AMPLITUDE 4 900 V 4 988 V 5 100 V PASS TEST 2 2B 5 0 V AMPLITUDE 4 900 V 4 988 V 5...

Страница 150: ...SS TEST 3 5A 120 kHz FLATNESS 0 50 dB 0 01 dB 0 50 dB PASS TEST 3 5B 120 kHz FLATNESS 0 50 dB 0 06 dB 0 50 dB PASS TEST 3 6A ATTENUATOR COMP 0 05 dB 0 02 dB 0 05 dB PASS TEST 3 6B ATTENUATOR COMP 0 05...

Страница 151: ...ST 6 2A 20 kHz THD N 0 0000 0 0013 0 0025 PASS TEST 6 3A 50 kHz THD N 0 0000 0 0024 0 0100 PASS TEST 6 4B 20 Hz THD N 0 0000 0 0011 0 0025 PASS TEST 6 5B 1 kHz THD N 0 0000 0 0010 0 0025 PASS TEST 6 6...

Страница 152: ...NOTES F Self Test Appendix F Self Test F 6 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 153: ...120 kHz 0 30 dB Residual THD N2 25 Hz 20 kHz 0 0025 3 V 80 kHz BW 92 dB 10 Hz 50 kHz 0 010 10 V 300 kHz BW 80 dB Square Wave Frequency Range 20 Hz 30 kHz Frequency Accuracy Same as Sinewave Amplitude...

Страница 154: ...utput Current Limit Balanced Typically 75 mA Unbalanced Typically 150 mA Max Output Power Balanced 29 6 dBm into 600 Rs 40 Unbalanced 23 6 dBm into 600 Rs 40 Output Related Crosstalk 10Hz 20kHz 110 dB...

Страница 155: ...0 dB or 1 V whichever is greater 10 Hz 20 kHz Level Meter Related both channels Measurement Range 10 mV 140 V 38 dBu to 45 dBu for specified accuracy and flatness useable to 100 V Accuracy 1 kHz 0 1 d...

Страница 156: ...5 5 pole 4 30 kHz 5 3 pole 80 kHz 5 3 pole or 300 kHz Weighting filters ANSI IEC A per IEC 179 CCIR QPK per CCIR Rec 468 CCIR ARM per Dolby Bulletin 19 4 CCIR 1k rms 0 dB at 1 kHz CCIR 2k rms 0 dB at...

Страница 157: ...l Residual THD N5 25 Hz 20 kHz 0 0025 3 0 V 80 kHz BW 92 dB 10 Hz 50 kHz 0 010 10 V 300 kHz BW 80 dB Minimum Input 25 mV for specified accuracy in AUTO TUNE mode 800 V 60 dBu in other modes Nulling Ti...

Страница 158: ...60 7 kHz or 250 8 kHz Minimum Input 100 mV Ratio Function Measurement Range 80 dB to 100 dB 0 01 dB resolution Accuracy 0 1 dB 20 Hz 20 kHz Minimum Input Mode 1 10 mV 38 dBu denominator signal 10 V 98...

Страница 159: ...le range Accuracy 4 Hz 5 of reading 0 002 Detection Modes IEC DIN quasi peak per IEC 386 NAB average JIS per JIS 5551 Response Selections Weighted 4 Hz bandpass per IEC DIN NAB Unweighted 0 5 Hz 200 H...

Страница 160: ...itude is typically 0 to 2 83 Vpp Reading Monitor Buffered version of the analog or digital analyzer output signal after all filtering and gain stages Amplitude is typically 0 to 2 83 Vpp AUDIO MONITOR...

Страница 161: ...2 Amendment 2 1995 Installation Category II Pollution Degree 2 Dimensions 16 5 x 6 0 x 13 6 inches 41 9 x 15 2 x 34 5 cm Weight Approximately 20 lbs 9 1 kg Note 8 Emission and Immunity levels are infl...

Страница 162: ...NOTES G Specifications Appendix G Specifications G 10 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 163: ...am 6 6 6 7 Termination 3 3 Analyzer Only panel 4 2 Analyzer section of Main Panel 4 3 Audible monitoring 4 8 AUTO TUNE 4 26 AUTORANGE 4 58 AUX1 4 20 4 28 AUX2 4 20 4 28 AVERAGE 4 41 Azimuth adjustment...

Страница 164: ...l bargraph display 4 24 E EGZ option 2 8 End to end testing 5 1 EQ adjustments tape recorder 5 2 EXTERNAL on sweep panel 4 60 External connections 3 1 3 8 External sweeps 4 63 F FAST sweep speed 4 61...

Страница 165: ...standard amplitude steps 4 7 J JIS wow and flutter standard 4 48 L Level function 4 23 4 24 Line voltage setting Changing 10 1 10 6 Link testing 5 1 Loading generator 4 13 4 14 Loss measurement 4 45...

Страница 166: ...a 4 70 Reference tape frequency response 5 2 Repeating continuous sweeps 4 62 Response tape recorder 5 2 S Save panel 4 69 Saving and recalling setups 4 68 Printing saved data 4 70 Screen dump 4 4 4 6...

Страница 167: ...ts 5 4 Tilt bail 2 2 Time setting 4 9 Times 10 key 4 6 Transmission link testing 5 1 Trigger output 3 5 Typical connections 2 9 2 10 U UN WTD Unweighted 4 19 4 27 4 49 UNBAL Unbalanced configuration 3...

Страница 168: ...Index Index 6 Portable One Plus Access User s Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 169: ...uipment Have surplus equipment taking up shelf space We ll give it a new home Learn more Visit us at artisantg com for more info on price quotes drivers technical specifications manuals and documentat...

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