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Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information  

25

Chapter 2

Chapter 2

Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application

Information

 Using This Chapter

This chapter provides multimeter application information in five parts.

•

Measurement Tutorial.

•

Measurement Configuration.

•

Math Operations.

•

Triggering the Multimeter.

•

E1412A Multimeter Application Examples.

Measurement Tutorial

The E1412A is capable of making highly accurate measurements. In order 
to achieve the greatest accuracy, you must take the necessary steps to 
eliminate potential measurement errors. This section describes common 
errors found in measurements and gives suggestions to help you avoid these 
errors.

DC Voltage Measurements

Thermal EMF

Errors

Thermoelectric voltages are the most common source of error in low-level 
dc voltage measurements. Thermoelectric voltages are generated when you 
make circuit connections using dissimilar metals at different temperatures. 
Each metal-to-metal junction forms a 

thermocouple

, which generates a 

voltage proportional to the junction temperature. You should take the 
necessary precautions to minimize thermocouple voltages and temperature 
variations in low-level voltage measurements. The best connections are 
formed using copper-to-copper crimped connections. Table 2-1 shows 
common thermoelectric voltages for connections between dissimilar metals.

Содержание Agilent E1412A

Страница 1: ...g play example programs VXIplug play Online Help VXIplug play function reference VXIplug play Online Help Soft Front Panel information VXIplug play Online Help VISA language information Agilent VISA U...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...Loading Errors dc volts 26 Leakage Current Errors 26 Rejecting Power Line Noise Voltages 27 Common Mode Rejection CMR 27 Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops 28 Noise Caused by Ground Loops 28 Resistance M...

Страница 4: ...ggering 48 The Wait for Trigger State 48 The Trigger Count 48 Checking the Trigger Count 49 Inserting a Trigger Delay 49 Default Delays 50 Querying the Delay Time 51 The Sample Count 51 Checking the S...

Страница 5: ...r 77 LIMit LOWer 77 LIMit UPPer 77 LIMit UPPer 77 NULL OFFSet 78 NULL OFFSet 78 STATe 78 STATe 78 CALibration 79 COUNt 79 LFRequency 79 LFRequency 80 SECure CODE 80 SECure STATe 81 SECure STATe 81 STR...

Страница 6: ...13 SAMPle 114 COUNt 114 COUNt 115 SENSe 116 FUNCtion 118 FUNCtion 118 CURRent AC RANGe 119 CURRent AC RANGe 119 CURRent AC RANGe AUTO 120 CURRent AC RANGe AUTO 120 CURRent AC RESolution 121 CURRent AC...

Страница 7: ...OLTage RANGe 137 PERiod VOLTage RANGe 137 PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO 138 PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO 138 RESistance APERture 139 RESistance APERture 139 RESistance NPLC 140 RESistance NPLC 140 RESistance...

Страница 8: ...DELay AUTO 158 DELay AUTO 159 SOURce 160 SOURce 161 IEEE 488 2 Common Command Quick Reference 162 CLS 163 ESE and ESE 163 ESR 164 IDN 164 OPC 164 OPC 165 RST 165 SRE and SRE 165 STB 166 TST 166 WAI 16...

Страница 9: ...ial Non SCPI Commands F1 F4 and R1 R7 194 Agilent E1412A Resolution Using Special Functions and Ranges 195 Resolution Example 195 General Guidelines for Increasing Measurement Speed 196 Avoid Function...

Страница 10: ...8 Contents Notes...

Страница 11: ...proper site preparation or maintenance 7 TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER WARRANTY OR CONDITION WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND AG...

Страница 12: ...overs or shields are for use by service trained personnel only Under certain conditions dangerous voltages may exist even with the equipment switched off To avoid dangerous electrical shock DO NOT per...

Страница 13: ...s to obtain the Declaration of Conformity Go to http regulations corporate agilent com DoC search htm You can then search by product number to find the latest Declaration of Conformity Alternately you...

Страница 14: ...12 Notes...

Страница 15: ...13 Notes...

Страница 16: ...14 Notes...

Страница 17: ...e multimeter can either be through a command module using an GPIB interface or an embedded controller You use the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI see Chapter 3 with the Standard In...

Страница 18: ...he resource manager when it encounters a module with address 255 that supports dynamic configuration If you install more than one multimeter each module must have a different logical address If you us...

Страница 19: ...tage or ohms measurement You should set the multimeter s line frequency reference to the exact power line frequency 50 60 or 400Hz Failure to set the line frequency reference to that of your source wi...

Страница 20: ...18 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup Chapter 1 Figure 1 2 Multimeter Measurement Terminals...

Страница 21: ...odule Analog Bus Connections WARNING Shock Hazard Do not use unshrouded bare banana plugs as shown for voltages over 30 Vrms or 60 VDC For higher voltages use probe assemblies rated for the appropriat...

Страница 22: ...20 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup Chapter 1 Figure 1 5 Voltage Measurement Connections Figure 1 6 Voltage Ratio Vdc Measurement Connections...

Страница 23: ...Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 21 Chapter 1 Figure 1 7 2 Wire Ohms Measurement Connections Figure 1 8 4 Wire Ohms Measurement Connections...

Страница 24: ...ute on VXIplug play system frameworks that have the VISA I O layer installed visa h include file Programming the Multimeter Example Perform a Self Test of the Multimeter and Read the Result Programmin...

Страница 25: ...SUCCESS err_handler dmm err Query the module identification err viPrintf dmm IDN n if err VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err err viScanf dmm t buf if err VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err printf Module ID s...

Страница 26: ...24 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup Chapter 1 Notes...

Страница 27: ...mmon errors found in measurements and gives suggestions to help you avoid these errors DC Voltage Measurements Thermal EMF Errors Thermoelectric voltages are the most common source of error in low lev...

Страница 28: ...bias currents when the terminals are open circuited if the input resistance is 10G The multimeter s measuring circuitry exhibits approximately 30pA of input bias current for ambient temperatures from...

Страница 29: ...ect power line frequency noise and power line frequency harmonics Power line frequency defaults to 60Hz unless you specifically set it to 50Hz with the CAL LFR command The multimeter determines the pr...

Страница 30: ...d sources Noise Caused by Ground Loops When measuring voltages in circuits where the multimeter and the device under test are both referenced to a common earth ground but at different points a ground...

Страница 31: ...nse terminal cables the resistances in these cables do not give a measurement error The errors discussed previously for dc voltage measurements also apply to resistance measurements Additional error s...

Страница 32: ...e Enter lead resistance value into computer CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math operation to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Turn math operation ON CALCulate NULL OFFSet value Store the NULL offset value Subsequ...

Страница 33: ...itial connection and after a range change Errors in High Resistance Measurements When you are measuring large resistances significant errors can occur due to insulation resistance and surface cleanlin...

Страница 34: ...multimeter is calibrated to read the same as a true RMS meter for sinewave inputs only For other waveform shapes an average responding meter will exhibit substantial errors as shown below The multime...

Страница 35: ...ty cycle In general the greater the crest factor the greater the energy contained in higher frequency harmonics All multimeters exhibit measurement errors that are crest factor dependent E1412A crest...

Страница 36: ...ment this turns autorange off Function and Range Change Internal Offset Correction The E1412A uses an ac measurement technique that measures and removes internal offset voltages when you select a diff...

Страница 37: ...th the input signal You can determine the error as shown below Correlated noise while rare is especially detrimental because it will always add directly to the input signal Measuring a low level signa...

Страница 38: ...st filter 200Hz will settle adequately at almost 10 readings per second If the sample to sample levels are similar little settling time is required for each new reading Under this specialized conditio...

Страница 39: ...r will select the 3Hz filter and the MAX parameter will select the 200Hz filter DC Input Resistance The E1412 Multimeter s input resistance is normally fixed at 10M for all dc voltage ranges to minimi...

Страница 40: ...d Resolution See the tables beginning on page 70 for detailed cross reference of function ranges to resolution as a function of NPLCs or Aperture Time Resolution is stored in volatile memory The multi...

Страница 41: ...FREQuency and PERiod functions which do not use NPLC and is shown in the tables beginning on page 70 See the SENSe FREQ APER and SENSe PER APER commands for setting frequency and period aperture time...

Страница 42: ...O AUTO OFF ONCE ON Ranging You can let the multimeter automatically select the range using autoranging or you can specify a range If you specify an expected value for the signal you are measuring the...

Страница 43: ...is greater The minimum maximum average and count are stored in volatile memory The multimeter clears the values when the average function is turned on when power is turned off or after the module is...

Страница 44: ...and subtracted from itself to result in the zero reading All subsequent measurements will have the offset value subtracted from them If you previously stored a NULL offset value using CALC NULL OFFS...

Страница 45: ...tance referenced to 1 milliwatt dBm Applies to dc voltage and ac voltage measurements only You can choose from 17 different reference resistance values The factory setting for the reference resistance...

Страница 46: ...the first occurrence of a failed reading See the Status System Register Diagram in Figure 3 1 on page 154 Bits 11 and 12 of the Questionable Data Register provide the high and low limit error signals...

Страница 47: ...system synchronizes measurements with specified internal or external events These events include software trigger commands negative going edges on the VXIbus trigger lines TTLT0 TTLT7 and negative go...

Страница 48: ...listen will respond to the GPIB Group Execute Trigger The TRG command differs from GET because it is sent to a specific instrument not a group of instruments NOTE B size controllers do not support th...

Страница 49: ...with a pulse width greater than 1 s The trigger signal level accepted is TTL 5V maximum negative going to 0V See the following diagram for the Trig input requirement The diagram also shows the VM Com...

Страница 50: ...ait for trigger state after you have configured it and selected a trigger source A trigger will not be accepted until the multimeter is in this state The measurement sequence begins when the multimete...

Страница 51: ...and inserts a delay between the trigger and each measurement This includes a delay between the trigger and the first measurement and again before each subsequent measurement when sample count is great...

Страница 52: ...gger delay times for all functions This delay will occur before each measurement see the trigger system diagram in Figure 2 1 on page 45 NOTE You can specify a shorter delay time than the default valu...

Страница 53: ...0 DC voltage measurements are made when the multimeter s external trigger BNC connector is pulsed low After the 10 readings are taken the multimeter returns to the idle state dimension array Dimension...

Страница 54: ...ment on Microsoft Windows 3 1 and is supported on the VXI GPIB VXI and GPIB interfaces VISA 1 0 provides more VISA functionality and is fully operational on Windows 95 and Windows NT Example Programs...

Страница 55: ...the output buffer READ Command The READ command requires that you configure the multimeter for the function you want to measure prior to issuing the command The command initiates the measurement s an...

Страница 56: ...he measurement The reading is stored in the output buffer and you must provide the I O construct to retrieve the reading and enter it into the computer MEASURE2 Source Code File Making Externally Trig...

Страница 57: ...rnal trigger immediately occurs here and measurements are stored in the multimeter s internal memory FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter s internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve...

Страница 58: ...riggers The sample count SAMP COUN is set for 10 samples per external trigger The READ command puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state When the first external trigger is received the measure...

Страница 59: ...tch module as long as the channel list is specified properly Figure 2 2 illustrates the C size set up The switch module multiplexer and multimeter use the VXI backplane to communicate the trigger and...

Страница 60: ...reads the switch module s status byte until the OPR bit gets set which returns a status byte value of 128 This indicates the switch module has completed all closures in the scan list The multimeter s...

Страница 61: ...register OUTP TTLT2 STAT ON Enable switch closure to trigger multimeter TRIG SOUR TTLT1 Allow VM Complete to advance the scan SCAN 100 107 Specify a switch module scan list OPC Wait until above comman...

Страница 62: ...tatus system A Questionable Data Register an Output Buffer and a Standard Event Register each have a respective status bit in the Status Byte Register The Output Buffer sets the MAV bit when there is...

Страница 63: ...timeter will accept 10 triggers TRIG DEL 01 Use a 10ms delay before each measurement CALC FUNC AVER Select the math function AVERage CALC STAT ON Enable math operations INIT Puts multimeter in wait fo...

Страница 64: ...a 10ms delay before each measurement CALC FUNC AVER Select a math function CALC STAT ON Enable the math operations INIT Puts multimeter in wait for trigger state trigger source is IMM internal trigge...

Страница 65: ...t up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers CONF VOLT 10 Configure for dc volts 10V range CALC STAT ON Enable the math function CALC LIM LOW 2 Set lower li...

Страница 66: ...gramming languages Device Configuration You must configure your E1412A Multimeter and the switch module before you can communicate with them 1 Select I O Instrument from the menu bar The Instrument Se...

Страница 67: ...h module completes the scan list Following the detection of scan complete the readings are retrieved with the Multimeter s FETCh command and sent in an array format to a VEE AlphaNumeric Display objec...

Страница 68: ...language call your local Agilent sales office for more information You can get a free VEE Evaluation Kit containing detailed technical information and a demo disk that walks you through many of VEE s...

Страница 69: ...character Some examples of common commands are shown below RST ESR 32 STB SCPI Command Format The SCPI commands perform functions such as making measurements querying instrument states or retrieving d...

Страница 70: ...forms Other forms of MEASure such as MEASU or MEASUR will generate an error Additionally SCPI commands are case insensitive Therefore you may use upper or lower case letters and commands of the form...

Страница 71: ...ample RST RES NPLC 100 or SAMP COUNt 25 WAI Linking Multiple SCPI Commands From the Same Subsystem Use only a semicolon between commands within the same subsystem For example to set trigger count trig...

Страница 72: ...conds Range Maximum Reading 100 PLCs 1 67s 10 PLCs 167ms 1 PLC 16 7ms 0 2 PLC 3 33ms 0 02 PLC 0 333ms 100mV 120mV 30nV 100nV 300nV 1 V 10 V 1V 1 2V 300nV 1 V 3 V 10 V 100 V 10V 12V 3 V 10 V 30 V 100 V...

Страница 73: ...Maximum Reading 100 PLCs 1 67s 10 PLCs 167ms 1 PLC 16 7ms 0 2 PLC 3 33ms 0 02 PLC 0 333ms 100 120 30 100 300 1m 10m 1k 1 2k 300m 1m 3m 10m 100m 10k 12k 3m 10m 30m 100m 1 100k 120k 30m 100m 300m 1 10...

Страница 74: ...ABOR Abort waiting for a trigger and place multimeter in idle state Comments ABORt does not affect any other settings of the trigger system When the INITiate command is sent the trigger system will re...

Страница 75: ...ion that is not allowed with the present measurement function math is turned off If you select a valid math operation and then change to one that is invalid a Settings conflict error is generated over...

Страница 76: ...reset The number of readings taken is stored in volatile memory Example Query the Number of Readings Since the AVERage Math Operation was Enabled CALC COUN Query number of readings AVERage MAXimum CAL...

Страница 77: ...ample Query the DB Reference Value Set for the DB Math Operation CALC DB REF Query the DB reference value DBM REFerence CALCulate DBM REFerence value MIN MAX selects the dBm reference value Choose fro...

Страница 78: ...ed to a resistance referenced to 1 milliwatt The LIMit parameter enables pass fail testing on the upper and lower limits you specify using the LIMit UPPer and LIMit LOWer commands NULL measurements al...

Страница 79: ...eries the lower limit Example Query the Lower Limit Set for the LIMit Math Operation CALC LIM LOW Query the lower limit LIMit UPPer CALCulate LIMit UPPer value MIN MAX sets the upper limit for limit t...

Страница 80: ...Null Offset Value CALC FUNC NULL Set math function to NULL You may choose to set the math function after setting STATe ON CALC STAT ON Turn on math operation CALC NULL OFFS 500 Set null offset to 500...

Страница 81: ...ation has occurred A complete calibration of the multimeter increases the count by the number of points calibrated It is not a record of complete calibrations The count is stored in non volatile memor...

Страница 82: ...set to HP_E1412 for C size when the multimeter is shipped from the factory The security code is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface r...

Страница 83: ...uery multimeter calibration security state enter statement Enter value into computer STRing CALibration STRing quoted string allows you to record calibration information about your multimeter while CA...

Страница 84: ...er VALue CALibration VALue cal_value specifies the value of the known calibration signal used by the calibration procedure See the E1412A Service Manual Chapter 5 Adjustments for a more detailed descr...

Страница 85: ...FF parameter disables autozero In this mode the multimeter takes one zero measurement and subtracts it from all subsequent input signal measurements prior to a change in function range or integration...

Страница 86: ...and returns 0 to indicate there are no calibration errors and the calibration was performed A 1 is returned if a calibration error occurs and a calibration is unable to be performed The error message...

Страница 87: ...nge MIN MAX DEF AUTO resolution MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC range MIN MAX DEF AUTO resolution MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC range MIN MAX DEF AUTO resolution MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio range MIN MAX DEF AUTO re...

Страница 88: ...the default settings you can expect from the CONFigure command for each function Default Settings for CONFigure Command by Function FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION CURR DC 1A 1 A CURR AC 1A 10 A FREQ FREQ...

Страница 89: ...r resolution choices To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters see next bullet comment In the autorange mode the multimeter samples th...

Страница 90: ...nge To select autorange specify AUTO or DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters see next bullet comment In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input s...

Страница 91: ...en 3Hz and 300kHz A frequency measurement returns 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and the settings after a module reset...

Страница 92: ...ange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appro...

Страница 93: ...33 seconds and 3 3 Sec A period measurement will return 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and the settings after a module...

Страница 94: ...ify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate ra...

Страница 95: ...or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a...

Страница 96: ...ct autorange specify DEFault for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selec...

Страница 97: ...ense terminals is 10V Parameters Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept th...

Страница 98: ...000000E 05 CURR 1 000000E 00 1 000000E 05 VOLT AC 2 000000E 02 1 000000E 06 VOLT 3 000000E 02 1 000000E 06 FRES 100 0000E 03 1 000000E 05 RES 1 000000E 03 1 000000E 03 FREQ 3 000000 00 3 000000E 05 PE...

Страница 99: ...y to store readings prior to a FETCh command e g when a measurement is initiated by the INITiate command You can query the number of stored readings in memory by sending the DATA POINts command Commen...

Страница 100: ...engths bytes or characters in Real ASCII format 1 23456E 12 LF or 1 234567E 12 LF Each measurement is terminated with a Line Feed LF The GPIB End or Identify EOI signal is sent with the last byte tran...

Страница 101: ...d Readings stored in memory from previous commands are replaced by the new readings To transfer readings from memory to the output buffer use the FETCh command If TRIGger SOURce is not IMMediate the m...

Страница 102: ...Input Impedance use 10G for 100mV 1V and 10V ranges INP IMP AUTO ON Enable automatic input impedance Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters RST Conditions INP IM...

Страница 103: ...AUTO resolution MIN MAX DEF RESistance range MIN MAX DEF AUTO resolution MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC range MIN MAX DEF AUTO resolution MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC range MIN MAX DEF AUTO resolution MIN MAX DEF V...

Страница 104: ...lution choices To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the parameter In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects t...

Страница 105: ...best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value...

Страница 106: ...inputs between 3Hz and 300kHz Querying the range will always return 3E 00 A frequency measurement returns 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF an...

Страница 107: ...t value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify AUTO or DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and r...

Страница 108: ...ween 0 33 seconds and 3 3 Sec A period measurement will return 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and after a module reset...

Страница 109: ...range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the auto...

Страница 110: ...value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 4 on page 71 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify...

Страница 111: ...rst resolution the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 1 on page 70 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify DEFault for range or do not specify a value for...

Страница 112: ...range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the se...

Страница 113: ...r line on connector P2 When disabled OFF voltmeter complete is routed only to the multimeter s front panel connector The multimeter generates the voltmeter complete signal after it has sampled the inp...

Страница 114: ...n STATe returns a number to show whether VXIbus trigger line routing of the voltmeter complete signal is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query Voltmeter...

Страница 115: ...last byte The output buffer capacity is 128 bytes The multimeter remains busy with a full buffer until you begin removing readings from it Readings are placed directly in the output buffer and are no...

Страница 116: ...ory an Insufficient memory error is generated to show that the number of readings exceeds the memory available However you can execute READ which returns the readings to the output buffer and does not...

Страница 117: ...1 through 50 000 if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum sample count 1 if MIN is specified The maximum sample count 50 000 if MAX is specified Example Query the Sample Count SAMP COUN 10...

Страница 118: ...FUNCtion PERiod FUNCtion RESistance FUNCtion VOLTage AC FUNCtion VOLTage DC FUNCtion VOLTage DC RATio FUNCtion CURRent AC RANGe range MIN MAX AC RANGe MIN MAX AC RANGe AUTO OFF ON AC RANGe AUTO AC RE...

Страница 119: ...ture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX NPLCycles MIN MAX RANGe range MIN MAX RANGe MIN MAX RANGe AUTO OFF ON RANGe AUTO RESolution resolution...

Страница 120: ...measurement send reading to output buffer enter statement Enter reading into computer FUNCtion SENSe FUNCtion returns one of the following quoted strings to the output buffer CURR AC CURR FREQ FRES PE...

Страница 121: ...mand overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function RST Condition CURR AC RANG 1 CURRent AC RANGe SENSe CURRent AC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following number...

Страница 122: ...turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure DC RANGe RESistance RANGe RST Condition CURR AC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable AC Current Autoranging CURR AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange CURRent AC RANGe AUTO...

Страница 123: ...elected during autoranging Specify resolution in the same units as the measurement function If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameter CURRent AC RESolution SENSe CUR...

Страница 124: ...e last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Condition CURR DC A...

Страница 125: ...the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line related noise Fractional PLC settings of 0 02 and 0 2 do not provide normal mode r...

Страница 126: ...CONFigure command on the same function RST Condition CURR DC RANG 1 Example Set the DC Current Range to 3A CURR DC RANG 3 DC Current range is 3A CURRent DC RANGe SENSe CURRent DC RANGe MIN MAX returns...

Страница 127: ...turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure AC RANGe RESistance RANGe RST Condition CURR DC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable DC Current Autoranging CURR DC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange CURRent DC RANGe AUTO...

Страница 128: ...ution also changes the NPLC and APERture setting to the values that correspond with the resolution specified CURRent DC RESolution SENSe CURRent DC RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numb...

Страница 129: ...nal The multimeter selects the appropriate filter based on the table below Comments The following table lists the filter frequency range and the settling time for making measurements The ac filter sel...

Страница 130: ...ts the aperture time or gate time for frequency measurements Comments Specify 0 01 10ms for 4 digits 0 1 default 100ms for 5 digits or 1 second for 6 digits MIN 0 01 MAX 1 RST Condition 0 1 seconds Ex...

Страница 131: ...ting from a previous CONFigure FREQuency command RST Condition FREQ VOLT RANG 10 Example Set the Voltage Range for Frequency Measurements to 100V FREQ VOLT RANG 100 Voltage range for frequency measure...

Страница 132: ...cy VOLT RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure PERiod VOLT RANGe RST Condition FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange FREQuenc...

Страница 133: ...The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Condition FRES A...

Страница 134: ...riority The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz pow...

Страница 135: ...ous CONFigure command on the same function The multimeter uses the same aperture time to set the resolution on the new range as was selected by CONFigure RST Condition FRES RANG 1k 1E 03 Example Set F...

Страница 136: ...g FRESistance RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Example Put 4 wire Resistance Measurements in the Autorange Mode FRES RANG AUTO ON Autorange is turned on for 4 wire ohms measurements FRESistance RANGe A...

Страница 137: ...lution using the MIN or MAX parameters or select a specific integration time using FRESistance NPLCycles RST Condition FRES RES 1m 1E 03 FRESistance RESolution SENSe FRESistance RESolution MIN MAX ret...

Страница 138: ...e of 0 01 sets resolution at 4 digits 0 1 sets 5 digits and 1 sets 6 digits RST Condition 0 1 100ms Example Set the Aperture Time PER APER 1E 2 Aperture time is 10 ms PERiod APERture SENSe PERiod APER...

Страница 139: ...ng a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the PER VOLT RANG AUTO command RST Condition PER VOLT RANG 10 Example Set the Voltage Range for Period Measurements to 100V PER VOLT RANG 100 Voltag...

Страница 140: ...VOLT RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure FREQuency VOLT RANGe RST Condition PER VOLT RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging PER VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange PERiod VO...

Страница 141: ...commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Conditio...

Страница 142: ...the last command executed has priority The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mo...

Страница 143: ...e multimeter uses the same aperture time to set the resolution on the new range as was selected by CONFigure RST Condition RES RANG 1k Example Change the Range CONF RES 1320 MAX Function 2 wire ohms r...

Страница 144: ...ement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using RESistance RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure RESistance RANGe RST Condition RES RANG AUTO ON Exa...

Страница 145: ...has priority The RES RESolution command overrides the resolution setting from a previous CONFigure RESistance command Related Commands CONFigure RESistance NPLC RST Condition Based on the RST values f...

Страница 146: ...a previous CONFigure command specifying the same function With the new range a new resolution is also selected RST Condition VOLT AC RANG 10V Example Change the Range CONF VOLT AC 01 05 MAX Function A...

Страница 147: ...ct a range using VOLTage AC RANGe autoranging is turned OFF In order to specify an aperture time of 10 s you must select a fixed range e g VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage RANGe R...

Страница 148: ...AC 6 25 MAX Function DC volts range selected 10V MAX resolution VOLT AC RANG 0 95 Range selected 1 0V MAX resolution 100 V VOLT AC RES 10E 06 Set resolution to 10 V READ Place multimeter in wait for...

Страница 149: ...last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Condition VOLT APER...

Страница 150: ...e greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line re...

Страница 151: ...ge selected 1V MAX resolution VOLT DC RANG 9 Range selected 10V MAX resolution READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Ente...

Страница 152: ...cify an aperture time of 10 s you must select a fixed range e g VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage RANGe RST Condition VOLT DC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging VOLT DC RA...

Страница 153: ...ity The VOLT DC RES command overrides the resolution setting from a previous CONFigure VOLT DC RES command Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage AC NPLC RST Condition Based on the RST values for the VOLT...

Страница 154: ...multimeter takes one zero measurement and subtracts it from all subsequent input signal measurements prior to a change in function range or integration time A new zero measurement is made following a...

Страница 155: ...Service bit RQS Standard Event summary bit ESB Message Available bit MAV and Questionable Data bit QUE in the Status Byte Register bits 7 6 5 4 and 3 respectively can be queried with the STB command...

Страница 156: ...Data Signal Register s enable register signifying which bits will set QUE in the Status Byte QUEStionable EVENt STATus QUEStionable EVENt returns a decimal weighted number representing the bits set in...

Страница 157: ...s are cleared in a first in first out order This means that if several errors are waiting in the queue each SYSTem ERRor query returns the oldest not the most recent error That error is then removed f...

Страница 158: ...be accepted If you initiate measurements with an INITiate command an Insufficient memory error occurs to show that this generates too many readings to store in memory However you can use the READ comm...

Страница 159: ...he measurement NOTE This delay also occurs between each sample when SAMP COUN 1 See page 45 for a triggering process diagram Parameters Comments MIN selects the minimum delay of 0 seconds for all func...

Страница 160: ...r disables a trigger delay automatically determined by the present function range NPLC setting AC filter setting and integration time see the table on the next page The trigger delay specifies the per...

Страница 161: ...mputer Default Trigger Delays for DC Voltage and DC Current all ranges Integration Time Trigger Delay NPLC 1 1 5ms NPLC 1 1 0ms Default Trigger Delays for 2 Wire and 4 Wire Resistance Range Trigger De...

Страница 162: ...negative going edge of a 5V TTL input signal maximum input is 5V to the front panel BNC connector TRIGger IMMediate causes a trigger to occur immediately provided the multimeter is placed in the wait...

Страница 163: ...to show the present trigger source The quoted string is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Trigger Source TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG SOUR Que...

Страница 164: ...UR IMM SAMP COUN 1 OUTP TTLT n STAT OFF Internal Operations TST Self Test Returns 0 if self test passes Returns 1 if self test fails Use SYST ERR to retrieve the error from the multimeter See Self Tes...

Страница 165: ...Standard Event Status Register to be reported in bit 5 the Standard Event Status Summary Bit of the Status Byte Register unmask is the sum of the decimal weights of the bits to be enabled allowing th...

Страница 166: ...ld indicates the revision level of the inguard outguard firmware Note The firmware revision field will change whenever the firmware is revised A 01 00 A 01 00 is the initial revision The first two dig...

Страница 167: ...Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No RST Condition none SRE and SRE SRE unmask specifies which bits of the Status Byte Register are enabled unmasked to generate a IEEE 488 1 servi...

Страница 168: ...d returns a value indicating the results of the test A zero response indicates that the self test passed Any non zero response indicates that the test failed Use the SYST ERR command to read the error...

Страница 169: ...ference value Set math function to calculate Query math function set Set lower limit value Query lower limit value Set upper limit value Query upper limit value Set null offset value Query null offset...

Страница 170: ...ce multimeter in wait for trigger state INPut IMPedance AUTO 1 0 ON OFF IMPedance AUTO Enable disable auto impedance mode Query impedance mode MEASure CURRent AC range MIN MAX DEF AUTO resolution MIN...

Страница 171: ...N MAX PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO RESistance APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX RESistance APERture MIN MAX RESistance NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX...

Страница 172: ...ion time in PLCs Query integration time PLCs Set range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Specify resolution Query resolution Enable disable autozero mode Query autozero mode...

Страница 173: ...0040 0 0080 0 0010 0 0080 0 0010 0 0080 0 0010 0 0080 0 0010 0 0350 0 0010 0 8000 0 0100 0 0100 0 0040 0 0100 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0540 0 0010 0 8000 0 0100 0 0006 0 0005...

Страница 174: ...ut Protection Externally accessible 3 15A 250V Class H fuse see note at the bottom of the AC Measuring Characteristics page describing class H fuses DC DC Ratio Measurement Method Input HI LO Referenc...

Страница 175: ...Agilent recommends the use of PTFE or other high impedance low dielectric absorption wire insulation for these measurements 5 For 1k unbalance in LO lead 6 For power line frequency 0 1 7 For power lin...

Страница 176: ...0 Hz 20 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz 5 100 kHz 300 kHz 5 1 00 0 06 0 35 0 06 0 04 0 06 0 10 0 12 0 55 0 24 5 00 1 50 1 00 0 09 0 35 0 09 0 05 0 09 0 11 0 15 0 60 0 24 5 00 1 50 1 00 0 09 0 35 0 09...

Страница 177: ...Input Impedance 1M 2 in parallel with 100pF Input Protection 300Vrms all ranges True RMS AC Current Measurement Method Direct coupled to the fuse and shunt AC coupled True RMS measurement measures th...

Страница 178: ...nput only 7 For 1k unbalance in LO lead 8 Maximum reading rates for 0 01 of ac step additional error Additional settling delay required when input dc level varies 9 For External Trigger or remote oper...

Страница 179: ...Time 10 ms 100 ms or 1 second Settling Considerations Errors will occur when attempting to measure the frequency or period of an input following a dc offset voltage change The input blocking RC time...

Страница 180: ...xternal Trigger Rate to Memory 80 sec 1 Specifications are for 1 hour warm up at 100 PLC integration time 2 Relative to calibration standards 3 20 overrange on all ranges except 300Vac range which has...

Страница 181: ...imum peak current 0 70A Idm maximum dynamic current 0 06A Cooling Slot Average Watts Slot 9 40 deltaP mm H2O 0 05 Air Flow liters s 0 80 Operating Environment 0 C to 55 C 65 Relative Humidity to 40 C...

Страница 182: ...dc current and resistance measurements you may need to apply an additional reading speed error or autozero OFF error For ac voltage and ac current measurements you may need to apply an additional low...

Страница 183: ...hown below of input error ppm of input error Error Example Assume that a 5Vdc signal is input to the multimeter on the 10 Vdc range Compute the total measurement error using the 90 day accuracy specif...

Страница 184: ...he ability of the multimeter to respond to small changes in the input level For example suppose you are monitoring a 1mVdc signal and you want to adjust the level to within 1mV To be able to respond t...

Страница 185: ...e E1412A is designed and tested to meet performance better than mean 4 sigma of the published accuracy specifications Transfer Accuracy Transfer accuracy refers to the error introduced by the multimet...

Страница 186: ...can use the 6 digits slow mode integration time of 100 PLC for further noise reduction Set the input resistance to greater than 10G for the 100mV 1V and 10V ranges for the best dc voltage accuracy Us...

Страница 187: ...ma Example SAMP COUN 1 103 Invalid separator An invalid separator was found in the command string You may have used a comma instead of a colon semicolon or blank space or you may have used a blank spa...

Страница 188: ...its excluding leading zeros 128 Numeric data not allowed A numeric parameter was found but a character string was expected Check the list of parameters to verify you have used a correct parameter type...

Страница 189: ...MEASure command with autorange enabled and with a fixed resolution Example CONF VOLT DC DEF 0 1 You turned math on CALC STAT ON and then changed to a math operation that was not valid with the presen...

Страница 190: ...not been received which sends data to the output buffer For example you may have executed a CONFigure command which does not generate data and then attempted an ENTER statement to read data from the...

Страница 191: ...s The following errors indicate failures that may occur during a self test The error message provides a description of the failure Refer to the E1412A Service Manual for more information 602 RAM read...

Страница 192: ...Invalid secure code An invalid calibration security code was received when attempting to unsecure or secure the multimeter You must use the same security code to unsecure the multimeter as was used to...

Страница 193: ...ge DAC convergence failed 731 A D turnover correction out of range 732 AC flatness DAC convergence failed 733 AC low frequency convergence failed 734 AC low frequency correction out of range 735 AC rm...

Страница 194: ...192 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B Notes...

Страница 195: ...period functions are not supported with these special commands These special commands act like a SENSe command to change a function or range The range command acts only on the current function For exa...

Страница 196: ...1 SENSe FUNC VOLT DC F2 SENSe FUNC CURR DC F3 SENSe FUNC RES F4 SENSe FUNC FRES The special range command affects the currently configured function approximate 5 mS advan tage with spe cial command R1...

Страница 197: ...e The NPLC setting remains fixed for each function during execution of the special function and range commands e g may differ from function to function Resolution Example Assume the power on state whe...

Страница 198: ...s on a function are done at the same time Avoid Aperture Changes Changing aperture times for frequency or period measurements takes a significant amount of time The easiest way to avoid aperture chang...

Страница 199: ...or a particular function by the following commands SENSe CURRent DC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent AC RANGe AUTO SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe FRESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe AU...

Страница 200: ...t until all readings have been taken and stored in internal memory RAM This results in a burst then transfer mode of operation The multimeter can store a maximum of 512 readings in its internal memory...

Страница 201: ...Index 199 Index Agilent E1412A User s Manual and SCPI Programming Guide...

Страница 202: ...uracy 183 Accuracy Specifications ac characteristics 174 176 dc characteristics 171 frequency characteristics 177 period characteristics 177 Address dynamic addressing 16 switch setting 16 Analog Bus...

Страница 203: ...LC STATe 78 CALC STATe 78 dB measurements 42 43 75 76 dBm measurements 43 75 76 LIMit function 44 76 77 math operations 41 44 NULL relative function 41 42 76 78 Calculate Total Measurement Error 180 1...

Страница 204: ...Sistance 92 CONF VOLTage AC 93 CONF VOLTage DC 94 CONF VOLTage DC RATio 95 CONFigure Command 96 Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements 184 Connections 2 wire ohms measurement 21 30 4 wire ohms...

Страница 205: ...1 158 159 setting 49 50 157 159 Description of Modules 15 Dielectric Absorption 31 Digits number of 15 38 182 Disabling automatic input impedance 100 autorange 2 wire ohms function 92 107 4 wire ohms...

Страница 206: ...eering environment VEE 64 VXIplug play See online help Execution Errors 185 188 External Trigger measurements 54 source 46 47 160 trig input requirement 47 VM Complete output signal 47 F FETCh Command...

Страница 207: ...kage Current Errors 26 LIMit function 77 Line Frequency 79 80 Line Frequency Reference checking 17 setting 17 Linking Commands 69 Loading Errors ac voltage 34 dc voltage 26 Logical Address Switch 16 L...

Страница 208: ...nections 19 resistance 29 31 2 wire ohms 30 4 wire ohms 29 high resistance measurement errors 31 high speed measurements 31 power dissipation effects 31 settling time effects 31 retrieving from memory...

Страница 209: ...ections 19 errors 36 integration time 136 range 137 range resolution 91 106 Plug Play See online help Power Dissipation Effects 31 Power Line cycles 27 38 123 132 140 148 noise rejecting voltages 27 P...

Страница 210: ...oltage measurements 144 dc current 124 dc voltage measurements 149 frequency measurements 129 period measurements 137 Ranging 40 READ Command 113 198 Readings average 74 error 180 error queue 155 per...

Страница 211: ...Solution 121 SENS CURRent AC RESolution 121 SENS CURRent DC APERture 122 SENS CURRent DC APERture 122 SENS CURRent DC NPLCycles 123 SENS CURRent DC NPLCycles 123 SENS CURRent DC RANGe 124 SENS CURRent...

Страница 212: ...129 130 period function 91 106 137 138 resolution 15 38 197 2 wire ohms 92 107 143 4 wire ohms 90 105 135 ac current 87 102 121 ac voltage 93 108 146 dc current 88 103 126 dc voltage 94 109 151 dc vo...

Страница 213: ...Subsystem 156 161 TRIGger COUNt 48 49 156 TRIGger COUNt 49 157 TRIGger DELay 49 50 157 TRIGger DELay 51 158 TRIGger DELay AUTO 158 TRIGger DELay AUTO 159 TRIGger SOURce 46 48 160 TRIGger SOURce 47 16...

Страница 214: ...138 ratio Vdc measurement connections 20 thermoelectric 25 26 VXIbus Trigger Lines TTLTrg0 TTLTrg7 46 160 VXIplug play See online help W WAI 166 Wait for Trigger State 45 48 Wait for Trigger State 99...

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