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AR24027

Operator’s Manual

6-2

6.2

Antenna Selection

Because

AR24027

radios communicate with each other by means of radio waves, all aspects of

antenna installation affect their performance significantly, namely:

•

antenna type used

•

clear line-of-sight path between antennas

•

antenna orientation

•

antenna placement

•

antenna-to-antenna distance between radios

•

distance between the radio and its antenna (antenna cable length)

Therefore antenna installation is a vital part of system installation. Improper installation may greatly
reduce system performance, possibly rendering the system inoperable.

This section discusses these issues and provides guidelines for selecting antenna type, selecting
antenna location, and achieving an optimally functioning installation.

6.2.1

Antenna Types

There are a vast number of antenna types designed for various general and special purposes, but
despite the huge variety, all designs essentially address two concerns, directionality and gain. These
selection criteria are discussed in the following paragraphs, along with a third criterion, polarization.

For the

AR24027

, the three antenna types listed below will fulfill most installation requirements.

Antenna Type

Gain

AFAR Model Number

Omnidirectional

9 dBi

ATO-2409-000

Panel

18 dBi

ATD-2418-000

Semi-Parabolic

24 dBi

ATD-2424-000

6.2.2

Directionality

An antenna may be designed to receive and transmit in all directions. Such antennas are
omnidirectional. The sensitivity and power of an omnidirectional antenna are unfocused; that is, they
are spread through a wide volume of space, so the advantage of being able to communicate in all
directions is traded off for limited sensitivity and power.

If it is determined that all signals of interest are coming from a definable direction, the
omnidirectional antenna can be replaced by a directional or sectoral antenna, which increases
sensitivity and power by focusing the beam in the desired direction.

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Содержание AR24027

Страница 1: ...25 00 AR24027 Point to Multi Point Wireless Ethernet Bridge Operator s Manual Rev H September 2006 AFAR Communications Inc 81 David Love Place Santa Barbara CA 93117 Tel 1 805 681 1993 Fax 1 805 681 1994 ...

Страница 2: ...ours and may be reached by voice fax or email as follows Tel 1 805 681 1993 Fax 1 805 681 1994 email support afar net If you must return the equipment please contact us for a Return Material Authorization RMA number Equipment should be shipped to AFAR Communications Inc 81 David Love Place Santa Barbara CA 93117 U S A ...

Страница 3: ...COMMUNICATIONS INC serial numbers warranty date or quality assurance decals have been removed or altered AFAR COMMUNICATIONS INC also reserves the right to make product improvements without incurring any obligation or liability to make the same changes in Products previously manufactured or purchased In no event shall AFAR COMMUNICATIONS INC be liable for any breach of warranty in an amount exceed...

Страница 4: ...reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an...

Страница 5: ...AR24027 Operator s Manual iv ...

Страница 6: ...ng 2 8 2 4 2 Packet priorities 2 9 3 INSTALLATION AND SETUP 3 1 3 1 BENCH CHECK OUT 3 1 3 1 1 Using the radio Ethernet connection 3 1 3 1 2 Using the radio auxiliary port 3 2 3 2 FIELD INSTALLATION 3 3 3 2 1 Mounting Bracket installation 3 3 3 2 2 Earth Grounding 3 4 3 2 3 Power Ethernet cable 3 5 3 2 4 Antenna Installation 3 6 3 2 5 Antenna Alignment 3 7 3 2 6 Radio Configuration 3 7 3 2 7 Spectr...

Страница 7: ...mation Base MIB 5 4 6 ANTENNAS SITE SELECTION PATH ANALYSIS 6 1 6 1 LINK BUDGET CALCULATIONS 6 1 6 2 ANTENNA SELECTION 6 2 6 2 1 Antenna Types 6 2 6 2 2 Directionality 6 2 6 2 3 Gain 6 3 6 2 4 Polarization 6 3 6 3 SITE SELECTION 6 4 6 3 1 Line of Sight Path 6 4 6 3 2 Radio Horizon Maximum Line of Sight Range 6 5 6 3 3 Antenna Orientation 6 6 6 3 4 Cable Loss Attenuation 6 7 6 3 5 Connector Loss 6 ...

Страница 8: ...e link are often different In the AR24027 the transmit and receive frequencies can be selected independently of each other 4 The radio incorporates spectrum analysis and timing analysis tools which allow the operator to quickly perform a survey of the RF environment without the need for spectrum analyzers 5 Unique antenna alignment aid provides audio feedback proportional to the RSSI freeing the i...

Страница 9: ...or connection to Earth Ground AC Power Inserter Module with 110 240 VAC power supply PWI 0103 DC Power Inserter Module with pigtail for external DC connection 1 PWI 0106 DC DC converter for operation from 48 VDC 1 PWS 0148 CD with this Operator s Manual Econsole program and other application notes CAT 5 cable for connection between AR24027 radio and power inserter module 1 CBL 0503 xxx Auxiliary p...

Страница 10: ...Auxiliary port 3 pin used as an antenna alignment aid and for RS 232 console port D Lumberg 8 pin male 10 100 Base T data interface and DC power input 8 pin Must be connected to the Power Inserter Unit with a CAT 5 cable Figure 1 1 Pole Mounted Radio An eight conductor CAT 5 cable must be connected between the AR24027 and the Power Inserter Unit The wiring for this cable is shown in Figure 1 3 ...

Страница 11: ...D 1 4 Power Inserter Units The Power Inserter Unit is a small indoor module that injects DC power into the unused lines of the Ethernet CAT5 cable There are two models figure 1 2 one for operation from an AC source 110 240 VAC and the other for operation from a DC source 10 to 28 VDC If your DC supply is 48 VDC AFAR also carries a DC DC converter that you can use in conjunction with the DC Power i...

Страница 12: ...rter unit has power from the wall supply but no power is being drawn by the AR24027 Green Indicates that the AR24027 is drawing power LED DC Power Inserter Green Indicates that there is DC power in the pigtail input WARNING The Power Inserter connectors labeled To radio or P DATA OUT includes DC voltage in two of the pins It must not be connected to a LAN as this voltage may damage some LAN cards ...

Страница 13: ...wing signals 1 DC voltage to supply power to the AR24027 2 10 100 Base T Ethernet data Both these signals are carried in a single CAT 5 cable The system is designed to allow cable lengths up to 100 meters 300 feet Figure 1 3 shows the interconnect diagram for this cable and connector types Table 1 7 lists a few part numbers and sources of appropriate CAT 5 cable for this application AFAR Communica...

Страница 14: ...ption 7919A Belden Shielded outdoor rated cable 18 241 31 gray 18 241 11 beige Superior Essex Unshielded outdoor rated cable 5EXH04P24 BK R CMS PV CommScope Unshielded outdoor rated cable 2137113 ivory 2137114 gray General Cable Unshielded outdoor rated cable BC1002 Belden Unshielded outdoor rated cable ...

Страница 15: ......

Страница 16: ...etwork topology Prior to version 4 00 of the firmware there was a separate firmware built for deploying of a Point to Point link P2P03_XX With version 4 00 and later you deploy a point to point link using the PmP firmware with the configuration optimized for point to point 2 1 2 Point to Multipoint topology In a Point to Multi Point topology one radio is designated as the hub or basestation and al...

Страница 17: ...all the way to 90 10 The advantage of a fixed TDD split is that it allows co locating multiple radios and completely avoiding self generated interference This is achieved through the PULSAR Network Technology explained in section 2 3 The fixed split may also be appropriate in applications where the data traffic is constant and with pre determined throughput Automatic cycle split in this mode the h...

Страница 18: ... and the units start passing data packets If multiple remotes transmit the attach request packet at the same time there may be a collision preventing the hub from receiving either packet When the remotes do not get an accept or reject packet in response to their attach request they realize that there was a collision The remotes will then perform a backoff collision avoidance algorithm that spreads...

Страница 19: ...ection occurs at the Intermediate Frequency IF where the narrow band IF filter blocks out the other channels This means that if the interferer radio A is in close proximity and is transmitting while radio B is trying to receive it may saturate the LNA or the Mixer of radio B This results in radio B making errors even when it is set to a different channel than radio A Radio A Radio B f1 f2 RF Filte...

Страница 20: ...n on the same cycle The following are guidelines you need to follow to achieve a successful synchronization in a complex network 1 At any site with multiple radios ensure that all radios are connected to the same LAN The LAN connection between radios must be FULL DUPLEX Use the ether command to check that the radio Ethernet port is in full duplex see also section 2 3 5 for synchronizing a site whe...

Страница 21: ...ations automatically and suppress the multicast of the heartbeat packets when there is no co located device to receive them You may need to co locate radios and do not wish them to try and synchronize to each other For example if the connection between LAN ports of the radios goes through bridges that insert variable delays on the Ethernet packets the synchronization protocol may not work properly...

Страница 22: ...opriate setting of each gateway All radios should have the tdd sync mode configured to the default auto setting Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Time A B NxG 2 Sync Radio 2 A NxG 3 Sync Radio 3 A tdd sync master NxG 1 Sync Radio 1 A NxG 4 Sync Radio 4 B tdd sync off NxG 5 Sync Radio 5 B NxG 6 Sync Radio 6 B NxG 9 Sync Radio 9 A tdd sync auto tdd sync off Radio 7 B Radio 8 B NxG 10 Sync Radio 10...

Страница 23: ...nd configure their tdd sync mode to auto At the sites where there is a single radio and gateway you should set the gateway tdd sync mode to off Since there are no co located radios this setting turns off the generation of heartbeat packets which are unnecessary 2 4 Ethernet Bridging 2 4 1 Self learning bridging The radio operates the Ethernet port in a self learning bridge mode It configures the p...

Страница 24: ...ets These are SNAP encapsulated packets containing synchronous serial data generated by the Afar NetCrossing Gateway devices High Priority These includes network management packets for ECON command sessions and also IP packets with a value in the Type Of Service indicating high priority The radio interprets the IP TOS field per the IETF differentiated services DS definition as shown below 0 1 2 3 ...

Страница 25: ......

Страница 26: ...ect the PC Ethernet port to the To LAN connector of the Power Inserter Unit of radio 2 Use an Ethernet crossover cable if connecting the PC directly to the Power Inserter Unit or use a straight cable if connecting through a hub 2 Connect each Power Inserter Unit to the respective AR24027 using a CAT 5 cable as defined in section 1 3 Connect each radio Antenna A port N type connector to an appropri...

Страница 27: ...logout econ Econsole will list the two radios and give a choice to connect to either Section 4 describes the command language used to further modify the radio s operating parameters 3 1 2 Using the radio auxiliary port 1 Connect each AR24027 Console Port to a terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation program Configure the terminal settings as follows Baud rate 9600 Word length 8 bits Parity no...

Страница 28: ...igned to easily mount the unit onto a pole outdoors You can secure the radio to poles of up to 2 5 inches 6 3 cm in diameter Before taking the radio into the field assemble the mounting hardware as follows 1 Using the two screws provided secure the flat aluminum plate into the recessed channel on the back of the unit Also install the provided ground lug for connection to the earth ground as descri...

Страница 29: ...lowing steps describe a procedure for a proper Earth ground connection 1 Select an adequate grounding point on the tower or structure near the radio This point should be below the unit and must not be inside the building If you must drill a hole make sure it is NOT in the tower supports or cross braces If several outdoor units are installed in the same area you may use the same grounding point 2 A...

Страница 30: ... damaged cables or connectors and tighten any loose connections 3 2 3 Power Ethernet cable Connect the outdoor cylindrical connector of the CAT5e cable to port D of the radio The other end of this cable with an RJ45 connector plugs into the indoor Power Inserter Unit You can optionally install the Ethernet Power Surge Suppressor module SUP 0202 at the point where the CAT5e cable enters the buildin...

Страница 31: ...iented towards each other The choice of polarization horizontal vs vertical is in many cases arbitrary However many potentially interfering signals are polarized vertically and an excellent means of reducing their effect is to mount the system antennas for horizontal polarization Of those antennas listed above the two directional antennas can be mounted for horizontal or vertical polarization whil...

Страница 32: ...ignal with a pitch proportional to the receive signal strength AFAR provides a special cable adapter that converts the three pin connector into a standard female audio jack Use this cable to connect the three pin connector to a pair of standard headphones while aligning the antenna At a terminal session issue the command aaa audio aaa is an abbreviation for antenna alignment aid and then align the...

Страница 33: ... In addition the AR24027 includes several features described below to identify and overcome sources of interference The AR24027 can be commanded to perform a spectrum analysis of the ISM band and report the results in either a graphical or tabular form The command spectrum analysis input a antenna dwell xx instructs the radio to scan the entire band dwelling on each channel for a programmable amou...

Страница 34: ...ated Power EIRP for direct sequence spread spectrum systems operating in the 2 4 GHz band In addition the maximum spectral power density is limited to 10 dBm per MHz maximum EIRP Of these two limits the power density is the most restrictive for this radio The installer must reduce the output power of the AR24027 so that the EIRP of the radio does not exceed 10 dBm The antenna gain cable and connec...

Страница 35: ...les stored in Flash PROM delete file filename Deletes the specified file from the directory download file path filename Downloads the specified file from the PC path filename into the Flash PROM set default program filename Sets the indicated filename as the default program to run after power up run file filename loads the indicated program into RAM and executes it New firmware versions are made a...

Страница 36: ...the file with the new firmware file pmpNN_NN bz is available in the PC 3 Start the econsole utility by typing econ from a DOS window Econ will send a discovery message and display all the radios that can be seen Verify that all radios in the network are listed Then select one of the radios in the list that you wish to upgrade 4 Issue the command directory to view a list of files stored in Flash PR...

Страница 37: ... able to reestablish the links with the hub 12 Wait at least ten seconds from the moment you entered the reboot command then press CR Econsole automatically attempts to reconnect to the same radio Once a new session with that radio is reopened issue the command version and check that the radio is indeed executing the new version 13 Depress the F4 key to log off the session with the hub radio Econ ...

Страница 38: ...figuration has been password protected you must first unlock the protection with the command unlock enable configuration password when the configuration is unlocked the radio prompt ends with the characters In locked mode the prompt does not include the character 4 Issue the command directory to view a list of files stored in Flash PROM as well as the available free space Verify that there is enou...

Страница 39: ... terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation program A special adapter cable is supplied by AFAR Configure the terminal settings as follows Baud rate 9600 Word length 8 bits Parity none Stop bits 1 2 Verify that the new software is available in the PC The download software for the serial upgrade must have a dwn extension e g pmp03_25 dwn 3 To have the shortest download time possible set the radi...

Страница 40: ...st have a dwn extension 9 After the file is successfully installed issue the command directory to insure that the file has been loaded into memory 10 Issue the command set default program pmpNN_NN where NN_NN file is new version of software being installed 11 Issue the command reboot to restart the radio with the new software Remember to change the PC Hyperterminal settings back to 9600 baud and d...

Страница 41: ......

Страница 42: ...installed at a PC This PC must be connected to the LAN where one or more AR24027 are connected From this PC it is then possible to configure not only the radios directly connected to the LAN but also any other radios reachable through one or more RF hops Refer to Appendix D for instructions on the installation of Econsole The third configuration method is using Telnet from a remote location Telnet...

Страница 43: ... is optional Additionally each word in a compound word can be abbreviated separately For example the following are all valid abbreviations for the command save configuration save savec s c sc The parameter and value lists are context sensitive i e in order to solve ambiguities the command interpreter only considers parameters valid for current command or values valid for the current parameter The ...

Страница 44: ...be modified by the operator through several commands This configuration is volatile If the current configuration has been modified it should be saved using the save command Otherwise the modifications will be lost if power is removed The factory configuration can not be modified by the operator and is used to return the radio to the factory default condition It is useful as a starting point to cre...

Страница 45: ...d is issued make sure you do not forget the password Once locked without a password the radio must be returned to the factory to be unlocked display configuration source current or main or alternate or basic or factory Displays all the parameter values for the specified configuration If the source is not specified it defaults to current Examples display configuration factory discon load configurat...

Страница 46: ...leshooting by customer support Examples unlock enable configuration bh7g8 4 4 Major Configuration Parameters These commands change several operating parameters of the radio that are part of the radio configuration When entering commands with multiple parameters if a parameter is not included that parameter keeps its current value distance max kilo meters 16 160 miles 10 100 Sets the limit for the ...

Страница 47: ... all other radios are configured as remote Typically you would deploy the remote radios with a directional antenna pointing at the hub radio max remotes 1 32 for PmP software only At the hub radio this value specifies the maximum number of remotes that will be allowed to join in Once the hub radio has this many remotes it stops allocating a slot for new nodes to join the network This increases the...

Страница 48: ...cters with no spaces If spaces are desired you may include the whole string in quotation marks Examples node name bank location wall street contact 964 5848 rf receive setup channel 3 37 antenna a b This command configures the channel and antenna used in the RF reception Note that for a remote radio to join the network the channel selected by this command must match the transmit channel selected f...

Страница 49: ...lanation of the synchronization between co located radios cycle period ms 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 not yet available At this time this parameter is set at 20 ms and can not be modified The cycle period is the total TDD time consisting at the hub of the transmit interval followed by the receive interval Use shorter cycle periods to reduce the latency in the link and larger values to increase the link c...

Страница 50: ...ed in order to use the ping snmp and telnet features Since the two radios in a link are bridged together they are in the same internet network Example ipconfig add 207 154 90 81 netmask 255 255 255 0 gateway 207 154 90 2 ping destination string count 0 500 size bytes 32 1400 This command causes the radio to ping the destination address and display the results The ping packet consists of an ICMP pa...

Страница 51: ...ssion the username entered when initiating the session from this IP address must match this string If this parameter is not specified it defaults to public Note that you must always enter the manager IP address in the same command line that sets the community value access g or gs or gst or gt SNMP access type authorized for this IP manager Specify as any combination of three letters g get s set an...

Страница 52: ...wer up Example aaa a antenna aaa off monitor flow At the hub this command shows the current data flow to and from each remote and updates this information once per second At a remote unit this command shows the data flow statistics to the hub Press the space bar to terminate the command monitor link node 3 to n for a hub in the PmP software only clear 0 or 1 This command continuously displays link...

Страница 53: ...st entry in the table tracks broadcast traffic while the second entry is always the address of the radio itself The Radio column shows the radio where that station is physically attached with 2 representing the local radio and 3 through N the remote radios The counts format shows the cumulative number of ethernet packets that have been seen with that MAC addresses in the source from or the destina...

Страница 54: ...iet channel i e any single channel sample that shows a low noise level is a good candidate to select as a receive channel Examples spectrum analysis input b antenna spa dwell 500 time analysis channel 0 50 input a antenna or b antenna display graph or table dwell time ms 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 This command switches the receiver to the specified antenna defaults to A and then measures the RSSI ...

Страница 55: ...speed up the download process over the auxiliary port Before issuing the download command use this command to change the radio console speed to the highest baud rate supported by the PC Then change the terminal settings to match the radio speed Issue the download command described below and initiate the transfer at the terminal Examples console speed bps baud rate bps 115200 copy file source filen...

Страница 56: ...mmand The download method must be binary which is the default Example download C load pmp03_12 bz download the file pmp03_12 bz from the PC directory C load into the unit file flash pmp03_12 If the download is executed from a terminal connected to the Auxiliary port the file is in ASCII format and has the extension dwn The download method must be inline The source parameter is not needed since aft...

Страница 57: ...e pointer in non volatile memory pointing to the reason message may no longer be valid display log region end or tail or beginning or all events or reboot reasons length 1 500 id 0 200 min level 0 7 max level 0 7 This command outputs to the terminal the specified region of the event log The length parameter specifies the number of events to output defaults to 10 The remaining parameters provide fi...

Страница 58: ...l then be used to display the date time in local time The zone value is saved as part of the radio configuration If NTP packets are not available the user can initialize the radio date and time with either the date or time commands The parameters for both commands are identical but the parameter order is different The date command can be entered as date 16 may 2000 10 32 06 date day month year Set...

Страница 59: ...isplays the previous commands entered license key ASCII string The license command is used to turn ON or OFF a set of optional features or capabilities The key is a 35 character string combination of ASCII letters numbers and hyphens The key must be input with the syntax as shown in the example below including hyphens for the radio to accept it The characters can be input as upper or lower case Af...

Страница 60: ...lent to power cycling the radio off and on time time hh mm ss date day month year zone zone code or offset This command is identical to the date command explained above except for the order of the parameters It allows the time and date to be entered as time 10 32 06 16 may 2000 version Displays the radio model and software version ...

Страница 61: ......

Страница 62: ...io with a unique valid IP address This is done with the ip configuration command described in section 4 This initial configuration must be done using either the RS 232 console port or the ECON program Once the radio has an IP address you must start the telnet application at the local machine and establish a connection with the IP address of the radio If the local machine is a PC running Windows yo...

Страница 63: ... is not empty Telnet sessions can only be initiated from the listed hosts Additionally for each host the login name must match the string listed for the community field If you wish to use this security feature you need to know the IP address of the local machine On a PC running Windows one way to find its IP address is to open a DOS window and issue the command ipconfig 5 2 SNMP 5 2 1 Command Line...

Страница 64: ...rd MIB groups In order for a network management system to make use of these extended features the MIB description must be obtained from the device manufacturer and loaded into the management station SNMP data travels in IP packets using the UDP port 161 for the agent so in order to use SNMP the device must have an IP address 5 2 3 Security Considerations in SNMP SNMP was designed before the Intern...

Страница 65: ...om adapted application to be bought through a value added implementation partner Multi Router Traffic Graphing http www mrtg org This is a free open source software capacity planning tool 5 2 5 AR24027 Management Information Base MIB The AR24027 implements only the core MIB II A management station will see three interfaces in the interfaces group 1 Bridge 2 Ethernet 3 Radio The first of these repr...

Страница 66: ...Margin in a particular installation Figure 6 1 RF Link Budget Calculator This calculator is in the CD provided with the radio and can also be downloaded from our website RF Link Budget Calculator Frequency 2450 MHz http www afar net Transmit Power 18 dBm Cable 1 loss 1 7 dB Antenna 1 gain 24 dBi Distance 22 Distance 58 3 Km Antenna 2 gain 24 dBi Cable 2 loss 1 7 dB Free Space Loss 135 6 dB Receive...

Страница 67: ...urposes but despite the huge variety all designs essentially address two concerns directionality and gain These selection criteria are discussed in the following paragraphs along with a third criterion polarization For the AR24027 the three antenna types listed below will fulfill most installation requirements Antenna Type Gain AFAR Model Number Omnidirectional 9 dBi ATO 2409 000 Panel 18 dBi ATD ...

Страница 68: ...g sensitivity and effective radiating power to increase range or data rate Gain is measured and stated in decibels abbreviated dB The decibel is a unit used to indicate the relative difference in power between two signals For example a signal 3 dB greater than another signal has twice as much power The decibel is a logarithmic unit so each doubling of decibels represents a fourfold increase in pow...

Страница 69: ...of obstruction may be tolerated but performance in the presence of obstruction is difficult to predict 2 Elevating one or more of the antennas in the system increases maximum line of sight range called the radio horizon If antennas are located at a greater range than the ground level radio horizon a means must be available for elevating the antennas 3 All antennas must be properly oriented and a d...

Страница 70: ...ons Fog and rain which reduce signal strength can also shorten the radio horizon although in the ISM band this loss is negligible A reasonable approximation of the radio horizon based on antenna height can be obtained from the graph in Figure 6 2 Note that this graph does not take atmospheric effects into account To use the graph set a straight edge so that it crosses the height of one of the ante...

Страница 71: ...such devices as cellular phones and pagers are generally polarized vertically and an excellent means of reducing their effect is to mount system antennas for horizontal polarization Orientation of directional antennas is critical because their sensitivity is greatly reduced outside a fairly narrow angle Performance of the system can be seriously degraded by mis aligned directional antennas The AR2...

Страница 72: ...dB To determine total cable loss for your installation perform the following calculation For US units multiply length in feet by the loss figure and divide by 100 For metric units multiply length in meters by the loss figure and divide by 30 For example for a 75 foot length of Belden 9913 the loss is 6 3 5 Connector Loss Loss is introduced with each pair of cable connectors Attenuation losses of s...

Страница 73: ... of the RSS level is useful for two purposes The first is to determine the link margin at the site This information when coupled with the background noise measurement will tell the operator if a link can be established and give a reasonable a priori estimate of the performance of the system In addition the calculated RSS level allows the operator to do a quick check on the integrity of the system ...

Страница 74: ...s K refractive index use a value of 1 33 or for metric units d additional height increment in meters d1 distance of the obstruction from the first site in km d2 distance of the obstruction from the second site in km C 079 for metric units K refractive index use a value of 1 33 Add the d value to the height of each obstruction plotted on the graph 7 Add the Fresnel Zone clearance to the height of e...

Страница 75: ...calculate the RSS level expected at the radio and to determine the theoretical link margin The AFAR RF Link Budget Calculator available in the CD or at the website that performs all of these computations 1 Determine free space path loss using either the following formula or the graph of Figure 6 3 L C 20log D 20log F Where for US units L loss in dB C 36 6 for US units D path length in miles F 2400...

Страница 76: ...AR24027 Operator s Manual 6 11 Figure 6 3 Free Space Path Loss at 2 4 GHz ...

Страница 77: ...istance of 10 miles Effective Radiated Power of 39 dBm receive antenna gain of 24 dB and cable loss of 2 dB the equation would be 4 Calculate link margin by subtracting radio sensitivity from the calculated RSS level Calculated RSS level at receiver 63 dBm Sensitivity of AR24027 at 2 7 Mbps 90 dBm link margin 27 dB This figure link margin is the amount of signal received by the radio that is above...

Страница 78: ...nfiguration is omitted the value for that parameter is not modified For commands that are not part of the radio configuration if a parameter is omitted the value for that parameter defaults to the value indicated in bold Configuration Management Commands Command Parameters Values change password enable configuration string display configuration source current main alternate basic factory load conf...

Страница 79: ... type hub remote remote max remotes 1 32 32 name 23 character string rmt nnnnn PmP network id 0 65535 0 location 25 character string contact 25 character string rf receive setup channel 3 37 20 antenna a b a rf transmit setup channel 3 37 20 antenna a b a speed mbps 0 25 0 50 1 37 2 75 2 75 power dbm 0 23 18 single node reboot timeout sec 15 20000 900 time division duplex sync mode off auto auto c...

Страница 80: ...Command Parameters Values ip configuration address ip address netmask ip address gateway ip address ping destination ip address count 0 500 def 4 size bytes 32 1400 snmp manager ip address community ASCII string 9 max access g gs gt gst authentication traps 0 1 delete 1 4 ...

Страница 81: ...ff a antenna b antenna off monitor flow monitor link node 3 4 5 clear 0 1 show tables table status ethernet econsole ip stack format count times spectrum analysis input a antenna b antenna display graph table dwell time ms 1 1000 def 20 time analysis channel 0 50 input a antenna b antenna display graph table dwell time ms 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 ...

Страница 82: ...t full download file source path filename destination path filename method binary inline run file filename filename set default program filename filename Event Logging Commands Command Parameters Values Factory Configuration clear log region all events reboot reasons display log region end tail beginning all events reboot reasons length 1 500 def 10 id 0 200 min level 0 7 def 0 max level 0 7 def 7...

Страница 83: ...mands Command Parameters Values Factory Configuration date date dd mmm yyyy time hh mm ss zone offset or code GMT help command history license key 35 character string logout reboot time time hh mm ss date dd mmm yyyy zone offset or code GMT version ...

Страница 84: ...5 Mbps Receiver Sensitivity 10 6 BER 97 dBm 0 250 Mbps 94 dBm 0 500 Mbps 93 dBm 1 375 Mbps 90 dBm 2 750 Mbps Data Interfaces Auxiliary Port RS 232 Ethernet Port 10 100 BaseT auto negotiate Power Requirements Input Voltage Outdoor Unit Standard High voltage model 8 to 28 Volts DC 12 to 32 Volts DC Input Voltage AC 110 VAC or 220 VAC Power Consumption less than 5 Watts Environment Temperature 40 to ...

Страница 85: ...AR24027 Operator s Manual B 2 ...

Страница 86: ... GHz Channel Frequency GHz Channel Frequency GHz 3 2 406 15 2 430 27 2 454 4 2 408 16 2 432 28 2 456 5 2 410 17 2 434 29 2 458 6 2 412 18 2 436 30 2 460 7 2 414 19 2 438 31 2 462 8 2 416 20 2 440 32 2 464 9 2 418 21 2 442 33 2 466 10 2 420 22 2 444 34 2 468 11 2 422 23 2 446 35 2 470 12 2 424 24 2 448 36 2 472 13 2 426 25 2 450 37 2 474 14 2 428 26 2 452 Number of Non Overlapping Channels Suggeste...

Страница 87: ...AR24027 Operator s Manual C 2 ...

Страница 88: ...Win95 Win98 Windows ME WinNT Win2000 WinXP NetBIOS installed WinPCap installed Note With regard to Windows NT platform the code has been tested with versions 4 0 or newer There is also a Linux beta version Installation for Windows In order to install the WinPCap library if not already installed just click on the WinPCap exe Support and updates for this library can be found at http netgroup serv po...

Страница 89: ...ter which implies a comment b They start with the character which implies a local command Currently there is only one local command namely the delay time in secs Important note All the input scripts should end with the logout command Since all the commands are terminated with the new line character there must be one command per line and after the final logout command you must have an extra empty l...

Страница 90: ...s You can change the default settings white texture on black background by providing the b option which will change the settings to black characters on white background example econ b Change the console window size Currently you can specify two values either 25 or 50 These values indicate the number of lines of the MS DOS window example econ l 50 Help Function keys including F1 are activated after...

Страница 91: ...ly Troubleshooting Updates Common problems 1 Failed to open adapter This usually happens when you haven t installed properly the WinPCap library or you have and older version of it Please visit http netgroup serv polito it winpcap to get the latest version You should also make sure that your Ethernet adapters are working properly 2 Cannot find radio s even though they are running properly Make sur...

Страница 92: ...n open session times out after 15 minutes of inactivity on the server side and 30 minutes on the client side Report a bug Updates Please visit http www afar net for more info Acknowledgments The WinPCap library was obtained from Politecnico di Torino and the code is distributed in binary form as part of the Econsole The following copyright notice applies to that library Copyright c 1999 2000 Polit...

Страница 93: ......

Страница 94: ...Cable Diagrams The next two pages show the assembly drawings for the cables used to connect the Radio to a Power Inserter Unit CAT5 and a Console cable for connection to a standard computer terminal used for Radio configuration and monitoring ...

Страница 95: ...ES 1 Use proper crimp tool for Item 2 connection 2 Remove cable filler gel from conductors before inserting into Item 2 3 Insure that all eight conductors reach to end of interior channel before crimping Item 2 4 Add label near item 2 Afar Communications CBL 0503 XXX where XXX is cable length in AFAR Communications 1 RJ 45 ITEM ITEM WHT OR OR WHT GR BLU WHT BLU GR WHT BR BR ITEM W BL W GR GR OR W ...

Страница 96: ......

Страница 97: ...le Db9 F F 6 Belkin F3B20706 1 DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER PART NO ITEM 1 2 3 Contact arrangements shown from face of DB9 connector ITEM 1 DB 9 ITEM 2 Contact arrangements shown from rear of 0321 03 connector 6 cable cut in will make two cables 0321 03 or 0322 03 fig A Lumberg USA ITEM 1 DB 9 ITEM 2 AFAR Communications Fig A Five pin connector is shown Use same process for 3 pin 1 2 3 2 3 5 1 4 6 7 8...

Страница 98: ......

Страница 99: ...on load factory load factory node type hub save node max rem 1 save Changing RF Channels optional rftr ch 30 rfrec ch 30 rfrec ch 14 rftr ch 14 Changing Tx Power optional rftr power 23 rftr power 23 Checking Link Operation show radios AC Power CAT5 Coax LAN AC Power CAT5 Coax LAN ...

Страница 100: ...on load factory load factory node type hub save save Changing RF Channels optional rf tr ch 30 rf rec ch 30 rf rec ch 14 rf tr ch 14 Changing Tx Power optional rftr power 23 rftr power 23 Verifying Network Operation show radios AC Power CAT5 Omni LAN AC Power CAT5 Coax LAN HUB REMOTES ...

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