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Model 273A Potentiostat/Galvanostat User’s Manual

3.1.5. IR Compensation

1. Positive Feedback

Digitally Controlled Range: 1/Current Range (0 to 2 times the Current Range Resistor)
Resolution: 0.05% of Current Range Resistor

2. Current Interrupt

Digital Potential Error Correction: 12 bit DAC

Total Interruption Time: < 200 µs
Switching Time, ON/OFF: < 1 µs (1 k

resistive cell)

3.1.6. System

1. Rise Time (10% to 90% on high-speed setting)

No Load: < 750 ns
1

, 1 A: < 3 µs

10 k

, 100 µA: < 2 µs

2. Noise and Ripple: typically < 25 µV rms referred to external input

3.1.7. Computer Interfaces

1. RS-232C
2. IEEE-488 (GPIB)

The instrument recognizes more than 100 different commands for control from a remote
computer via the IEEE-488 or RS-232C interface. The Model 273A Remote-Programming
Command Handbook describes these commands and provides detailed explanations of GPIB
and RS-232C communications, including rear-panel switch settings and communications
protocols.

3.1.8. Weight

31 kg (68 lb)

3.1.9. Size

48 cm W × 30 cm H × 51 cm D (19" W × 12" H × 20" D)

3.1.10. Power Requirements

100-130 V or 200-260 V, 50-60 Hz, 350 watts maximum

3.1.11. Rack Mounting

The Model 273A may be mounted in a standard 19 inch (47.5 cm) rack assembly. If
rack-mounted, the Model 273A must be supported to avoid excessive stressing of the front
panel. Appendix B provides instructions for rackmounting.

3.1.12. Battery Backup

A battery-powered parameter backup system is provided. This system assures that all
parameters retain the values in effect at the end of the previous operating session. In other
words, shutting the Model 273A off does not cause the default values to be restored. They can,
however, be restored by reinitializing the system via FUNCTION 10. The use of FUNCTION 10
is described in Section 5.2.4.

Another way of restoring the default parameters is to press and hold in the LOCAL key as the
Model 273A is being powered up. The LOCAL key must be held in until the message "SYSTEM
REINITIALIZED" appears on the front-panel display.

3.1.13. Front-Panel Connectors

1. EXT INPUT: ± 10 V analog input. Potential applied is summed with that set at front panel or

applied via digital interface. Input impedance 100 k

.

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Содержание 273A

Страница 1: ...0RGHO 3RWHQWLRVWDW DOYDQRVWDW 8VHU V 0DQXDO 8VHU V 0DQXDO 3ULQWHG LQ 86...

Страница 2: ...NESS AS WELL AS ANY AND ALL OTHER OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES OF PRINCETON APPLIED RESEARCH INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES NO PERSON FIRM OR CORPORATION IS AUTHORIZED TO...

Страница 3: ...3 1 1 Power Amplifier 11 3 1 2 Differential Electrometer 11 3 1 3 Current Measurement 11 3 1 4 Potential Current Control 11 3 1 5 IR Compensation 12 3 1 6 System 12 3 1 7 Computer Interfaces 12 3 1 8...

Страница 4: ...Group 47 5 3 Rear Panel 48 5 3 1 Cell Interface 49 5 3 2 Recorder Interface 49 5 3 3 Auxiliary Interface 50 5 3 4 Power Amp Monitor 50 5 3 5 Aux A D Input 50 5 3 6 Electrometer Monitor 50 5 3 7 AC I O...

Страница 5: ...if the safety instruction is not observed WARNING Indicates a hazard that could result in bodily harm if the safety instruction is not observed CAUTION Indicates a hazard that could result in propert...

Страница 6: ...vi Model 273A Potentiostat Galvanostat User s Manual...

Страница 7: ...but it allows the use of two reference electrodes to control the potential across an interface such as a membrane In addition the electrometer can be configured to provide a remote sensing contact to...

Страница 8: ...dvanced features as automatic current ranging and current interrupt IR compensation BNC connectors on the front and rear panels make all pertinent signals available for analog recording Remote Compute...

Страница 9: ...rrent more catholic Making the applied current more negative will tend to make the current more anodic This sense is reversed at the front panel external input Them making the input more positive will...

Страница 10: ...4 Model 273A Potentiostat Galvanostat User s Manual...

Страница 11: ...plug This plug shall only be inserted into a socket outlet provided with the required earth ground contact The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without a protectiv...

Страница 12: ...is free to slide to the left giving access to the fuse and to the voltage selector circuit card The selector card is located at the lower edge of the fuse compartment A number printed on the upper su...

Страница 13: ...peed type are used for replacement The use of makeshift fuses and the short circuiting of fuse holders are dangerous 2 4 Cell Cable There are two keys and one indicator in this group All three are ass...

Страница 14: ...likely to be impaired if for example the apparatus 1 Shows visible damage 2 Fails to perform the intended measurement 3 Has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable conditions 4 Has been...

Страница 15: ...dditional requirement is to install low pass filters where lines pass through the shield all openings through the shield should be as small as possible A capacitor between a line and the shield can fu...

Страница 16: ...evel Transients Generated Internal to the Place of Use Such transients almost always enter the instrument via the line cord Possible sources include heavy duty electric motors rf equipment lasers diat...

Страница 17: ...andwidth Small Signal 4 MHz Full Signal 400 kHz 6 Offset Voltage 10 v 7 Offset Temperature Stability 10 V C 3 1 3 Current Measurement 1 Ranges 8 decades 1 A to 100 nA 2 Accuracy dc at Monitor 10 A to...

Страница 18: ...W 30 cm H 51 cm D 19 W 12 H 20 D 3 1 10 Power Requirements 100 130 V or 200 260 V 50 60 Hz 350 watts maximum 3 1 11 Rack Mounting The Model 273A may be mounted in a standard 19 inch 47 5 cm rack asse...

Страница 19: ...UXILIARY INTERFACE Provides triggers and Model 303A control signals Note that the Model 303A is not cabled directly to this connector It rather is cabled to the Model 307 Interface which in turn is ca...

Страница 20: ...the dc signal generated by the Model 273A The Model 273A Remote Programming Command Handbook describes the computer commands used with the Model 273A 92 option Section 3 2 10 of this chapter describe...

Страница 21: ...ed E Mode or 2X full scale current in APPLIED I mode 2 MOD DAC the output of which also 10 V is scaled to 2 V 20 mV 20 mV in APPLIED E mode operation or 2 full scale in APPLIED I mode operation 3 EXT...

Страница 22: ...from the electrometer In the CONTROL I mode it is taken from the current measurement circuit The Control Amplifier has computer controlled frequency response shown in the block labeled STABILITY SELEC...

Страница 23: ...Chapter 3 Characteristics 17 Fig 3 Model 273A Simplified Block Diagram...

Страница 24: ...wly varying currents may be performed using SIE 1 to collect current directly followed by numeric integration using either INT or IINT commands see the Command Handbook 3 2 8 Analog to Digital The Ana...

Страница 25: ...itation signal on the dc signal generated by the Model 273A The externally generated ac signal is input at the AC INPUT connector and is combined with the signal generated by the Model 273A before it...

Страница 26: ...20 Model 273A Potentiostat Galvanostat User s Manual...

Страница 27: ...cifications If any problems are encountered in carrying out these checks contact the factory or the factory authorized representative in your area for aid 4 2 Required Equipment Other than the Model 2...

Страница 28: ...e voltage at these connectors will start at 0 V increase to 1 V tracking the scan and then return to 0 V The current in the resistor will be displayed throughout the experiment 1 Note the Model 273A d...

Страница 29: ...ON position 14 Press the CELL ON key lighting the associated indicator 15 Press the ENTER key as many times as are required to blank the bottom line of the display The Model 273A is now ready to run...

Страница 30: ...l 1 V and current 10 A will remain constant f The SCAN 2 indicator scan status display will light and remain lighted for the 50 s it takes to complete the second leg of the scan at 20 mV s As the scan...

Страница 31: ...is chapter of the manual addresses those needs Instructions for operating the unit remotely via either the RS 232C or GPIB IEEE 488 interface port are given in the separately bound Model 273A Remote P...

Страница 32: ...ared by pressing any key and Remote Error Messages which only occur when controlling the Model 273A from a remote computer Remote Error Messages are in two parts the Error and then the Command that ca...

Страница 33: ...I 1 to the cell For example if the scan program includes a DELAY 1 interval the delay could be done with the cell ON or OFF If the delay is done with the cell ON the lighting of the E I 1 indicator ma...

Страница 34: ...GPIB or RS 232C port steps as small as 25 V MR 1 or 2 5 V MR 0 can be attained as explained in the Model 273A Remote Programming Command Handbook Example Given a scan rate of 1 V s the step size will...

Страница 35: ...applied If it is ON potential or current as appropriate is applied If the intent is to postpone starting a scan until the open circuit cell potential settles the delay is specified in mV s Typically...

Страница 36: ...This key is used to set parameters using engineering notation For example to set Delay 1 to 1000 seconds one could key DELAY 1 1 0 0 0 ENTER or DELAY 1 1 EXP 3 ENTER or DELAY 1 1 0 EXP 2 ENTER and so...

Страница 37: ...t of 1 A will yield 0 V at the OUTPUT connector in LOG mode operation FUNCTION 13 ENTER INTERRUPT This function is used to specify the frequency with which current interrupts are performed if operatin...

Страница 38: ...f the overrides has been called up the Scan Setup UP DOWN ARROW KEYS can be used to reach the others via scrolling A brief description of each follows OVERRIDE 10 OFFSET DISPLAY I This Override determ...

Страница 39: ...can be pressed at any time prior to pressing ENTER However in an expression containing EXP once EXP is keyed the sign will only affect the polarity of the exponent 10 and These keys have a three fold...

Страница 40: ...e done open cell or with the specified potential current applied The key is a toggle that is its state indicated by the alphanumeric display reverses each time the key is pressed Example To set an ope...

Страница 41: ...el 273A s LISTEN address has been applied As long as the REMOTE indicator is lighted the Model 273A s front panel is locked out Return from remote to local operation can be accomplished simply by pres...

Страница 42: ...t measured during the hold If applied during SCAN 1 or SCAN 2 the scan simply halts and the potential current in effect as of the moment of the halt continues to be applied 3 START This key is used to...

Страница 43: ...I 3 vi SCAN 1 from E I 3 to E I 2 vii Steps iii through vi repeat until STOP key is pressed During DELAY 1 and DELAY 2 the cell will be either ON or OFF as programmed During SCAN 1 and SCAN 2 the cel...

Страница 44: ...salts precipitate in the junction 2 OPERATING MODE There are three basic operating modes each with its own key and indicator One of the three modes will be in effect at all times as indicated by the a...

Страница 45: ...overload condition In the context of this discussion CELL ON and CELL OFF refer to the path from the Control Amplifier output to the Counter Electrode cable lead The red indicator does not respond to...

Страница 46: ...des because it reduces the noise at the OUTPUT connector The disadvantage of using the filter is that the Output response time is degraded The filter has no effect on I MONITOR output Use of the filte...

Страница 47: ...f the effect on system stability it is generally not possible to achieve 100 compensation Instead the user normally has to be satisfied with a correction in the range of 75 to 90 4 The feedback assume...

Страница 48: ...limit is 100 the actual programmed resistance will become 1200 because the value can only be represented to the nearest 100 In other words the error will now total 34 Similarly a further shift to 1 A...

Страница 49: ...ASS d Establish the Cell ON state CELL ON and CELL ENABLE Then press START to apply the square wave to the cell The cell should be completely set up for the measurements to be made Any change at the c...

Страница 50: ...errupt Specifically the cell is disconnected in less than 1 s for 190 s at periodic intervals As fast as the interrupts are they nevertheless do affect the experiment and a small artifact may be notic...

Страница 51: ...re selected Functions 18 and 19 and extrapolated back to the moment of interrupt The goal is to select two points that will provide a projection that exactly intersects the lower end of the iR drop If...

Страница 52: ...rm width interval between disconnect and reconnect is 190 s The thirty two samples spaced at 5 s intervals are located equally spaced in the first 160 s of the waveform Note that the waveform depicted...

Страница 53: ...UT Group There are three keys three indicators and a BNC connector in this group A voltage dependent on the cell current or transferred charge is available at the OUTPUT connector identically the rear...

Страница 54: ...as the measurement progresses Recall that one of the functions of the ENTER key is to control the bottom line display If anodic to cathodic crossover occurs during the measurement the coulometer will...

Страница 55: ...t panel OUTPUT signal an X axis drive same as the front panel E MONITOR signal and a contact closure for the Pen Up Down function Two different recorder cables are available C174 connects directly fro...

Страница 56: ...alog voltage output in the range of 10 V For example with the appropriate ancillary instrumentation not available from Princeton Applied Research a user might track temperature pH optical absorbance o...

Страница 57: ...n the dc signal generated by the Model 273A The externally generated ac signal is input at the AC INPUT connector and is combined with the signal generated by the Model 273A before it is applied to th...

Страница 58: ...trode lead which ends in a clip having a green insulating boot In operation the working electrode of the cell must be returned to the reference input of the Electrometer Amplifier The user can do this...

Страница 59: ...e iR drop 4 ELECTRODE LEADS There are three leads each terminated in a clip The leads can be readily identified by the color of the clip s insulating boot Green identifies the Working Electrode and re...

Страница 60: ...condition A Ambient Temperature range from 6 C to 70 C B Relative Humidity greater than 95 with modest local condensation or frost formation Instrument must be allowed to remain at operating condition...

Страница 61: ...mA maximum 14 Dummy Cell Sense 22 Electrometer Shield gnd 28 29 Electrometer Ground 30 External Clip Ground 32 Digital Ground Electrometer Output Potential 15 x E E ref working A 2 Recorder Interface...

Страница 62: ...ns where the Model 273A is being used with a Model 303A via a Model 307 Interface DISPENSE this signal causes the Model 303A to do a Dislodge Dispense operation on command from an external computer Th...

Страница 63: ...l computer The underlying assumption is that the Model 303A is being used with a Model 305 Stirrer A 4 IEEE 488 GPIB Interface PIN FUNCTION 1 DI01 2 DI02 3 DI03 4 DI04 5 EOI 6 DAV 7 NRFD 8 NDAC 9 IFC...

Страница 64: ...he negative logic level 3 V to I2 V Once this line goes positive data transfer if initiated by an appropriate command will proceed rapidly This line is pulled up to 12 volts so that if it is left unco...

Страница 65: ...lied with the kit The flanges should go toward the front and turn outwards Secure each panel with SIX screws You will need the four screws supplied with the kit as well as the eight screws that became...

Страница 66: ...60 Model 273A Potentiostat Galvanostat User s Manual...

Страница 67: ...vention 3 Polarity 3 Correct Displayed E 32 Coulombs 13 Coulombs Indicator 32 Current Interrupt IR Compensation 44 advantages and disadvantages 45 CURRENT INTERRUPT key 46 CURRENT INTERRUPT PERCENT CO...

Страница 68: ...og Reference 47 LOW PASS filter 47 Maintenance 3 MEASURE ONLY MODE 38 Metric Hardware 14 MOD DAC 15 MODE Group 38 MODEL 407A INTERFACE 14 Multiplexed Ouput connector 14 MULTIPLEXED OUTPUT 51 mV SEC ke...

Страница 69: ...ATIONS and 33 Battery Backup 12 Current Measurement 11 IR Compensation 12 Potential Current Control 11 Power Amplifier 11 Power Requirements 12 Rack Mounting 12 Size 12 System 12 Weight 12 SRQ 35 STAB...

Страница 70: ...64 Model 273A Potentiostat Galvanostat User s Manual...

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