35
AECG100 | User Manual
breathing. Inspiration corresponds to decreased left ventricular (the
main pumping chamber) stroke volume, which leads to decreased
pulse amplitude
.
iii.
Frequency Modulation (FM)
: As a result of autonomic nervous
system activity fluctuation, breathing leads to changes in heartbeats
[ 1 ]
. Pulse period varies over the respiratory cycle: Heart rate
increases during inspiration; decreases, expiration. Also known as
RSA (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)
[2]
.
Figure 34: PPG Respiration and Modulation
a) Unmodulated waveform; b) Baseline; c) Amplitude; d) Frequency
Users can choose the appropriate modulation signal with different
parameters (respiration rate, inhale/ exhale ratio, and variation range)
to conduct the signal simulation.
-
“Respiration Rate” is the number of breaths taken during 60
seconds intervals, ranging from 1 to 150 BrPM.
-
Respiration “Ratio” is the ratio of inhalation to exhalation, up
to 1:5.
-
“Variation” adjustment ranges
-16 ~ 16%. BM refers to the
baseline drift of the PPG amplitude during one breathing cycle,
with baseline drift ranging from -16 to 16%. In the contrast, AM
1
Addison, P.S., Watson, J.N., Mestek, M.L. et al. Pulse oximetry-derived respiratory rate in general care floor patients.
J Clin
Monit Comput
29
, 113
–
120 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-014-9575-5
2
Paul S. Addison. Respiratory effort from the photoplethysmogram.
Medical Engineering & Physics
41
, 9-18 (2017).
