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SVS-Vistek EC02 Series Manual Download Page 100

SVS-VISTEK 

Specifications 

100 

8.5

 

eco694*TLGEC 

 

 

Model 

eco694MTLGEC 

eco694CTLGEC 

familiy 

ECO 

ECO 

active pixel w x h 

2752 x 2204 px² 

2752 x 2204 px² 

max. frame rate 

10,1 fps 

10,1 fps 

chroma 

mono 

bayer 

interface 

GigE Vision 

GigE Vision 

 

 

 

sensor 

   

   

sensor name 

ICX694ALG 

ICX694AQG 

vendor 

Sony 

Sony 

sensor architecture 

area CCD 

area CCD 

readout/shutter type 

interline progressive 

interline progressive 

sensor pixel clock 

54 MHz 

54 MHz 

chroma 

mono 

bayer 

equivalent format 

1 

1 

active pixel w x h 

2750 x 2200 px² 

2750 x 2200 px² 

effective pixel w x h 

2758 x 2208 px² 

2758 x 2208 px² 

diagonal 

15,99 mm 

15,99 mm 

pixel w x h 

4,54 x 4,54 µm² 

4,54 x 4,54 µm² 

optic sensor w x h 

12,4 x 10,0 mm² 

12,4 x 10,0 mm² 

active sensor diag. 

15,99 mm 

15,99 mm 

max. frame rate 

10,1 fps 

10,1 fps 

exposure time 

42 µs / 60 s 

42 µs / 60 s 

max. gain 

18 dB 

18 dB 

dynamic range 

58 dB 

58 dB 

   

   

   

   

   

   

camera features 

   

   

firmware version 

1.6.5 

1.6.5 

memory 

64 MB 

64 MB 

CL_geometry 

   

   

frequency select 

   

   

camera pixel clock  

40 MHz 

40 MHz 

exposure time adjust 

manual;auto;external 

manual;auto;external 

px format 8 / 12 / 16 

x / x / - [bit] 

x / x / - [bit] 

binning h / v 

2 / 2 [px] 

2 / 2 [px] 

LUT 

12to8(1) 

12to8(1) 

AOI 

1 

1 

white balancing 

auto;manual 

auto;manual 

tap balancing 

manual;auto 

manual;auto 

gain 

auto;manual 

auto;manual 

offset 

manual 

manual 

PIV mode 

   

   

Summary of Contents for EC02 Series

Page 1: ...1 29 2018 Manual ECO2 series eco674 eco695 eco814 eco815 eco834 eco1050 eco2050 eco2150 eco eco4050 ...

Page 2: ...site for safe work is compliant with all specified safety and handling instructions Accident prevention guidelines and general safety regulations shoud be applied Illustrations in this Operation Manual are provided for basic understanding and can vary from the actual model of this camera No claims can be derived from the illustrations in this Operation Manual The camera in your possession has been...

Page 3: ...re 2 x 13 4 5 Firmware 20 4 5 1 Firmware Update GigE 20 4 6 GigE IP Setup 20 4 7 Driver Circuit Schematics 22 5 Connectors 23 5 1 GigE Vision 23 5 1 1 Network TCP IP 23 5 1 2 XML Files 26 5 2 Input output connectors 27 6 Dimensions 28 6 1 ECO GigE C mount 28 6 1 1 front 28 6 1 2 side Left 29 6 1 3 Bottom 29 6 1 4 Back 30 6 1 5 Cross Section 30 6 2 C CS Mount 31 7 Feature Set 32 7 1 Basic Understan...

Page 4: ...3 Sequencer 72 7 3 4 PWM 74 7 3 5 PLC Logical Operation on Inputs 76 7 3 6 Serial data interfaces 77 7 3 7 Trigger Edge Sensitivity 80 7 3 8 Debouncing Trigger Signals 80 7 3 9 Prescale 82 7 4 IR Cut Filter 83 8 Specifications 85 8 1 eco1050 TLGEC 85 1 1 1 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 01050 C 87 1 1 2 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 01050 A 87 8 2 eco2050 TLGEC 88 1 1 3 Spectr...

Page 5: ...tics ICX814AQA 108 1 2 10 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX814ALA 108 8 8 eco815CTLGEC 109 1 2 11 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX815AQA 111 1 2 12 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX815ALA 111 8 9 eco834 TLGEC 112 1 2 13 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX834AQG 114 1 2 14 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX834ALG 114 9 Terms of warranty 115 10 Troubleshooting 117 10...

Page 6: ... or serious injury CAUTION Caution indicates a hazard with a low level of risk which if not avoided will result in death or serious injury Risk of damage PROHIBITION A black graphical symbol inside a red circular band with a red diagonal bar defines a safety sign that indicates that an action shall not be taken or shall be stopped CAUTION A black graphical symbol inside a yellow triangle defines a...

Page 7: ...RoHS All SVS VISTEK cameras comply with the recommendation of the European Union concerning RoHS Rules USA and Canada This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Warning This equipm...

Page 8: ... to 12 megapixel are supported with reasonable pixel sizes and the possible bandwidth of the GigE Vision interface is fully exploited Compact Power The SVCam ECO series expands the diversity of the SVCam ECO series Recent high quality CCD sensors from ON Semiconductor and Sony are integrated and optimized in terms of image quality and operating modes Thus extremely demanding solutions can be solve...

Page 9: ...or auto tap balancing pixel clock setting for Camera Link 2 x 2 binning 2 x 2 binning 4 x 4 for CL horizontal and vertical image flip custom defect pixel correction custom defect pixel mapping shading correction for GigE Vision area of interest AOI also region or field of interest manual or delayed read out control custom acquisition timing manual white balance manual auto or external exposure tim...

Page 10: ...standard it facilitates easy and quick interchangeability between units shortening design cycles and reducing development costs Cost effective Wide range of off the shelf industrial standard plugs and cables High bandwidth data transfer rate 120 MB sec per output Up to 100 m range without additional switch Wide range of applications in image processing Remote service capability GenICam compliant S...

Page 11: ...ler If you attach any light to the camera make sure the power supply has enough power not to fail when the camera is putting light ON The integrated sequencer allows multiple exposures with settings to be programmed creating new and cost effective options Logical functions like AND OR are supported Up to 4 x open drain high power OUT Up to 4 x high voltage IN TTL up to 25 Volts Power MOSFET transi...

Page 12: ...pecifications 4 3 Camera status LED codes On power up the camera will indicate its current operation status with a flashing LED on its back The LED will change color and rhythm The meaning of the blinking codes translates as follows Figure 3 Camera status LED codes Flashing Description Yellow slow 1Hz No Connection Yellow quickly 8 Hz Assignment of Network address Yellow permanent Network address ...

Page 13: ...SVCapture 2 x a viewer controler program for SVCam USB3 cameras PC USB3 driver filter driver TL_Driver GenICam drivers and transport layer DDLs SVCapture 2 x is a XML based software tool provided for free It is created to show the capabilities of your SVS Vistek camera and to show modify values to your cam Get control of exposure timing trigger delay image correction etc or control up to 4 LED lig...

Page 14: ...ion prosecco may differ from PC to PC It is recommended to install the whole software package 1 Copy expand the installation executable file to your hard drive 2 Run installation 3 Read and accept the terms of license agreement 4 Choose destination folder ...

Page 15: ...c driver included in the windows system will not match all SVS VISTEK USB3 Vision features 6 Start installation 7 System warning The installer will modify your system USB 3 0 driver there for windows systems will warn you with an interrupt Accept system modification ...

Page 16: ...SVS VISTEK Getting Started 16 Installation will proceed 8 Installation completed ...

Page 17: ...Camera connected to the USB slot no XML camera properties can be loaded no values to control are available The screen will be empty Connect the camera to your USB 3 0 slot Hardware installation will pop up Discover the camera with SVCapture 2 x by clicking discover Connected cameras will be listed Choose your camera ...

Page 18: ...SVS VISTEK Getting Started 18 Conform to GenICam all control features will be listed in a flat tree diagram ...

Page 19: ...nd the USB 3 0 driver within your hardware manager Firmware update From time to time make sure your camera is running up to date firmware A firmware update tool is integrated in the software Internet connection needed In case there is no connection contact your local support ...

Page 20: ...l and the firmware file from the SVS Vistek website Unpack everything into any folder e g C temp Ensure proper network configuration Run the GigE update tool Your camera should appear choose camera by entering camera index e g 1 and press ENTER Figure 5 searching the camera to be updated Wail until firmware update has been finished Figure 6 firmware update has just been executed 4 6 GigE IP Setup ...

Page 21: ...a menu will show up with 3 options Depending on whether you want the network changes to be permanent or not choose one of these options 1 Force IP address Setup of a network address This dialog will put a new IP address with subnet to the camera This address is volatile it will be lost as soon the camera is powered off Automatic mode will try to setup a valid network address via DHCP LLA 2 Network...

Page 22: ...SVS VISTEK Getting Started 22 4 7 Driver Circuit Schematics Figure 7 basic Illustration of driver circuit ...

Page 23: ...d until the next restart of the Camera For a peer to peer connection of a GigE camera to a PC a network address assignment based on LLA Local Link Address is recommended This involves a network mask 255 255 0 0 as well as a fixed preamble 169 254 xxx xxx of the network address range A GigE camera will fall back to LLA when no DHCP server is available and no fixed network address was assigned to th...

Page 24: ...r data upon each data packet sent FIGURE 9 ILLUSTRATION OF DATA REDUCTION WITH JUMBO FRAMES NOTICE Higher packet sizes require network cards that support jumbo packets Packet lost In accordance with the TCP protocol lost or corrupted packages will be resent NOTICE Resends result in higher consumption of bandwidths and will lead to drop frames High quality cables prevent resends ...

Page 25: ... ON MULTI NIPS Multiple Cameras connected by a Switch To connect multiple cameras by a switch the switch must be managed It might also be necessary to operate the cameras in an inter packet delay applying a smother image data stream FIGURE 11 ILLUSTRATION OF CONNECTING MULTIPLE CAMERAS WITH A SWITCH Dual GigE Connection is not supported when using a switch NOTICE Performance might be lost using mu...

Page 26: ... other applications to connect to the same image data stream Other applications will become listeners to an existing image data stream They do not have control access to the camera however potential packet resend requests will be served in the same manner as for the controlling application Figure 12 Illustration of a camera casting to multiple receivers multicast 5 1 2 XML Files According to the G...

Page 27: ...d Phoenix breakout boxes To be found separate within the USP manuals Hirose 12Pin For detailed information about switching lights from inside the camera refer to strobe control Figure 13 Illustration of Hirose 12 Pin pin out HR10A 10R 12PB NOTICE The PoE Power over Ethernet versions do not support RS232 on pins 3 4 Specification Type HR10A 10R 12P Mating Connector HR10A 10R 12S ...

Page 28: ...available with valid login at SVS VISTEK com 6 1 ECO GigE C mount CAD step files available on DVD or SVS VISTEK com Including eco1050CTLGEC eco1050MTLGEC eco2050CTLGEC eco2050MTLGEC eco2150CTLGEC eco2150MTLGEC eco4050CTLGEC eco4050MTLGEC eco674CTLGEC eco674MTLGEC eco694CTLGEC eco694MTLGEC eco695CTLGEC eco695MTLGEC eco814CTLGEC eco814MTLGEC eco815CTLGEC eco815MTLGEC eco834CTLGEC eco834MTLGEC 6 1 1 ...

Page 29: ...SVS VISTEK Dimensions 29 6 1 2 side Left 6 1 3 Bottom ...

Page 30: ...SVS VISTEK Dimensions 30 6 1 4 Back 6 1 5 Cross Section ...

Page 31: ...read 1 32 Inch CS Mount Cameras accept both types of lenses C Mount lenses require a 5mm adapter ring to be fitted Also available at SVS VISTEK C Mount Cameras only accept C mount lenses as the flange to sensor distance does not allow a CS mount lens close enough to the Sensor to achieve a focused image Figure 14 Illustration of C CS Mount differences ...

Page 32: ...nts a single line in the resulting image When light falls onto the sensor elements photons are converted into electrons creating a proportional light input signal Figure 15 Illustration Cross section of a CCD sensor from Sony Charge is an integration of time and light intensity on the element Like this the image gets brighter the longer the CCD cell is exposed to light The sensor converts light in...

Page 33: ... the vertical registers is transferred line by line into the horizontal shift register Between each downward transfer of the vertical register the horizontal register transfers each line the output stage where charge is converted to a voltage amplified and sent on to the ADC When all lines in the image have been transferred to the horizontal register and read out the vertical registers can accept ...

Page 34: ... motion blur if the moving object is so fast that the same point of the object covers different pixels at start and end of the exposure time in the image A global shutter image is a snapshot of the whole scene Below are illustrations of some images taken with different shutter types The camera does not move the bottles are sitting on an assemly line driving by Figure 17 motion blur with global shu...

Page 35: ...SVS VISTEK Feature Set 35 Figure 1 All pixel lines are sensitive to light the same time All pixels are open the same time You might flash at any time within exposure time ...

Page 36: ...500ms 20 50 ms 24 41 6 ms Cinema 25 40 ms PAL progressive 29 97 33 366700033 ms NTSC 30 33 33 ms NTSC 50 20 ms PAL interlaced 75 13 33 ms 100 10 ms Virtually any value within the specification can be chosen Maximum frame rate depends on Pixel clock Image size Tap structure Data transport limitation Processing time 7 1 5 Acquisition and Processing Time The whole period of tome a picture is exposed ...

Page 37: ... first priority is to adjust the exposure time and if the exposure time range is not sufficient gain adjustment is applied It is possibility to pre define the range min max values of exposure time and of gain The condition to use this function is to set a targeted averaged brightness of the camera image The algorithm computes a gain and exposure for each image to reach this target brightness in th...

Page 38: ...values per pixel 12 bits to 212 4096 values per pixel 16 bit to 216 65536 values per pixel Every additional bit doubles the number for quantification SVCam output is 8 12 or 16 bit depending on your camera model and the way you read the values from the camera Be aware that increasing the bit format from 8 to 12 bit also increases the total amount of data According to the interface framerates can b...

Page 39: ...SVS VISTEK Feature Set 39 Figure 24 Figure of original picture black white Figure 25 Reduced color depth quantification ...

Page 40: ...rmance of the image depends on the software used NOTICE It is recommended to use a IR cut filter for color applications White Balance The human eye adapts to the definition of white depending on the lighting conditions The human brain will define a surface as white e g a sheet of paper even when it is illuminated with a bluish light White balance of a camera does the same It defines white or remov...

Page 41: ...n the active and the effective resolution of almost every sensor Some pixels towards the borders of the sensor will be used only to calibrate the sensor values These pixels are totally darkened The amount of dark current in these areas is used to adjust the offset Figure 28 Illustration of active and effective sensor pixels ...

Page 42: ... 29 Illustration of dark noise cut off by the offset Most noise is proportional to temperature To spare you regulating the offset every time the temperature changes A precedent offset is set by the camera itself It references certain pixels that never were exposed to light as black refer to resolution active and effective So the offset will be set dynamically and conditioned to external influences...

Page 43: ...ise Therefore gain should be last choice for increasing image brightness Modifying gain will not change the camera s dynamic range Figure 31 noise caused by too much gain Auto Gain For automatic adjustment of Gain please refer to Auto Luminance Please note with CMV4000 sensors gain adjustment is possible in steps only Please find step values are as below When using autogain with steps of gain the ...

Page 44: ...irrored horizontally or vertically Image flip is done inside the memory of the camera therefore not increasing the CPU load of the PC Figure 32 Figure of original image Figure 33 Figure of image horizontally flipped Figure 34 Figure of image vertically flipped ...

Page 45: ...ghboring pixels directly on the chip before readout Binning is only used with monochrome CCD Sensors For reducing resolution on color sensors refer to decimation Vertical Binning Accumulates vertical pixels Figure 35 Illustration of vertical binning Horizontal Binning Accumulates horizontal pixels Figure 36 Illustration of horizontal binning 2 2 Binning A combination of horizontal and vertical bin...

Page 46: ...reducing data rate by reducing the region you are interested in Figure 38 Horizontal decimation Decimation on Color Sensors The Bayer pattern color information is preserved with 1 3 horizontal and vertical resolution The frame readout speed increases approx by factor 2 5 Figure 39 Illustration of decimation on color sensors 7 1 16 Burst Mode The hardware interface GigE USB3 etc of your camera very...

Page 47: ...the camera on USB cameras the maximum sensor speed is limited to the maximum interface speed This means the maximum trigger frequency cannot be higher than camera freerun frequency The image buffer will protect against breaking datarates of the USB line though Usage of Burst Mode Burst Mode has 2 main purposes If transfer speed breaks down e g Ethernet transfer rate due to high network load tolera...

Page 48: ...d by the tap configuration being used 7 2 2 Standard Tap Geometries Similar to other sensor readout technologies Camera Link is sending many pixel values in parallel at the same time The image can be split in taps or channels which can be sent in parallel The tap geometry is describing how many taps are read and how they are transmitted through the Camera Link interface Camera Tap Tap Maximum spee...

Page 49: ...ps In a dual tap CCDs CCD with two outputs the readout of pixel charge takes place in a serial parallel sequence Each line is divided in half and the pixels of both halves are read out simultaneously line by line For a given pixel clock frequency only half the time is required to read out the entire array resulting in twice the framerate Figure 45 Illustration of 2 taps Quad Tap Figure 46 Figure o...

Page 50: ...andle the simultaneous digitization of the two or more channels of analog signal coming from the CCD The fact that the separate analog output channels not being perfectly linear and the separate output amplifiers having physically different slopes leads to the necessity to sometimes manually or automatically adjust the gain levels of each channel independently to obtain a homogenous image Automati...

Page 51: ...memory 7 2 7 Temperature Sensor A temperature sensor is installed on the mainboard of the camera To avoid overheating the temperature is constantly monitored and read Besides software monitoring the camera indicates high temperature by a red flashing LED See flashing LED codes 7 2 8 Read Out Control Read Out Control defines a delay between exposure and data transfer Read Out Control is used to pro...

Page 52: ... width External trigger and pulse width controlled exposure time In this mode the camera is waiting for an external trigger which starts integration and readout Exposure time can be varied using the length of the trigger pulse rising edge starts integration time falling edge terminates the integration time and starts frame read out This mode is useful in applications where the light level of the s...

Page 53: ...ted by the internal microcontroller of the camera At the rising edge of the trigger the camera will initiate the exposure The software provided by SVS Vistek allows the user to set exposure time e g from 60 μs 60 Sec camera type dependent Exposure time of the next image can overlap with the frame readout of the current image trigger pulse occurs when FVAL is high When this happens the start of exp...

Page 54: ...SVS VISTEK Feature Set 54 ...

Page 55: ...trast increase by applying an S shaped curve The maximum resolution is shifted to the mid range Contrasts in this illumination range is increased while black values will be interpreted more black and more of the bright pixels will be displayed as 100 white For further Information about curves and their impact on the image refer to our homepage Knowledge Base LUT Figure 50 Custom LUT adding contras...

Page 56: ...age with a Gamma value between 1 8 up to 2 55 The Gamma algorithms for correction can simplify resolution shifting as shown seen above Input Output signal range from 0 to 1 Output Signal Input SignalGamma Figure 51 Several gamma curves comparable to a LUT Gamma values less than 1 0 map darker image values into a wider ranger Gama values greater than 1 0 do the same for brighter values NOTICE Gamma...

Page 57: ... Figure 52 AOI on a CCD sensor Selecting an AOI will reduce the number of horizontal lines being read This will reduce the amount of data to be transferred thus increasing the maximum speed in term of frames per second With CCD sensors setting an AOI on the left or right side does not affect the frame rate as lines must be read out completely ...

Page 58: ... or high temperature environments additional defect pixels can may appear These can be corrected A factory created defect map SVS map defying known defects is stored in the camera A custom defect map can be created by the user A simple txt file with coordinates has to be created The user must locate the pixel defects manually The txt file can be uploaded into the camera Beware of possible Offset D...

Page 59: ...ersistently to the EPROM Default setting can be restored from within the Camera Note If you connect the camera with a non SVS Vistek GigEVision client you might not see the clearnames of the lines but only line numbers In this case use this list of line names LineSelector translation Line0 Output0 Line1 Output1 Line2 Output2 Line3 Output3 Line3 Output4 Line5 Uart In Line6 Trigger Line7 Sequencer L...

Page 60: ...onnectors when physically wiring Also the IOMUX can be illustrated as a three dimensional dice Long address spaces indicate which signals are routed to witch module within the camera Figure 55 I O switch matrix connections will be made withn a 1 instead of a 0 ...

Page 61: ...SVS VISTEK Feature Set 61 Figure 56 I O Lines with open end indicate physical in and outputs ...

Page 62: ...sequenzer_0 10 expose input 11 readout input 12 r_sequenzer_pulse_a output from module iomux_sequenzer_0 pulse 13 rr_pwm_out_c output from module iomux_sequenzer_0 14 rr_pwm_out_d output from module iomux_sequenzer_0 15 r_sequenzer_active output from module iomux_sequenzer_0 16 r_debouncer output from module iomux_dfilter_0 17 r_prescaler output from module iomux_prescaler_0 18 r_sequenzer_pulse_b...

Page 63: ...ounce input input to module iomux_dfilter_0 9 prescale input input to module iomux_prescaler_0 10 logic inputa input to module iomux_logic_0 11 logic inputb input to module iomux_logic_0 12 mft_txd output 13 pulseloop hw_trigger input to module iomux_pulseloop_0 14 pulseloop hw_trigger input to module iomux_pulseloop_1 15 pulseloop hw_trigger input to module iomux_pulseloop_2 16 pulseloop hw_trigg...

Page 64: ...ra is exposing the sensor connect line 17 to 14 signal from pulse loop module 1 appears on line 7 connect line 7 to 1 output 1 Turn of a light that was ON during the time between two pictures connect line 17 to 15 invert signal from pulse loop module 2 it appears on line 20 connect line 20 to 2 output 2 Inverter Set to 1 Inverter and set to 1 is part of every input and every output of the modules ...

Page 65: ... controller saving costs High frequency pulse width modulation PWM for no flickering Power to the LED light is provided through power of the camera Setting of pulse duty cycle is controlled via data connection PC LED lights can be controlled over 4 different channels that can be used simultaneously or independent from each other According to the I O specification of your camera two or four canals ...

Page 66: ...s For further information using the breakout box and simplifying OIs refer SVCam Connectivity manual To be found separate within the USP manuals Figure 59 Illustration of conventional schematic electric circuit USE RIGHT DIMENSION OF RESISTOR To avoid overload of Driver make sure to use the right dimension of resistor If not done so LEDs and or Camera might be damaged ...

Page 67: ...d outputs All timing settings are programmable in 15ns intervals P R O G R A M M A B L E P A R A M E T E R S Trigger source hardware or software Edge or level trigger HW trigger Pulse output starting on low or high level Pre and post duration time Number of loops E X A M P L E A P P L I C A T I O N S Initiated by an external trigger the camera drives an LED illumination directly from the open drai...

Page 68: ... Three cameras are triggered in cascade where the first camera is the master receiving the external trigger and the master subsequently triggers the two slave cameras Figure 62 pulseloop activating three cameras M O D U L E P U L S E L O O P ...

Page 69: ...75 W Power Loss at Resistor 𝟏𝟏 𝑽 𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎 3 25 W LEDs in Flash Mode The MOS FETs at OUT1 and OUT2 are used like a switch By controlling on time and off time duty cycle the intensity of light and current can be controlled Current time ON within a 1 Sec PWM 0 75 A 500 ms 50 1 A 300 ms 33 3 2 A 70 ms 7 3 A 40 ms 4 Example If pulse is 1 5 A the max on time is 150 mSec This means the off time is 850 mSec...

Page 70: ...μs Default is 0μs Strobe Polarity Positive or negative polarity of the hardware strobe output can be selected Strobe Duration The exposure time of LED lights can be set in µsec The min duration is 1 µsec The longest time is 1 second Strobe Delay The delay between the logical positive edge of trigger pulse and strobe pulse output can be set in µsec Unit is 1μs Default is 0μs ...

Page 71: ...SVS VISTEK Feature Set 71 Strobe Control Example Setup Figure 63 Illustration of an application using the 4IO ...

Page 72: ...re Start µs Exposure delay after Interval start Exposure Stop µs Exposure Stop related to Interval Start Strobe Start µs Strobe delay after Interval start Strobe Stop µs Strobe Stop related to Interval Start PWM Frequency T Basic duty cycle 1 Hz for PWM PWM Line 1 Demodulation Result PWM Line 2 Demodulation Result PWM Line 3 Demodulation Result PWM Line 4 Demodulation Result Values can be set for ...

Page 73: ...00 µs 875 000 µs 190 000 µs Exposure Stop 700 000 µs 125 000 µs 720 000 µs Strobe Start 110 000 µs 125 000 µs 350 000 µs Strobe Stop 875 000 µs 875 000 µs 875 000 µs PWM Frequency 4 Hz 4 Hz 4 Hz PWM Line 0 100 0 80 PWM Line 1 20 50 0 PWM Line 2 0 100 30 PWM Line 3 Trigger set to negative slope Use higher frequencies Figure 64 illustration of three sequencer intervals ...

Page 74: ...rtain voltage range such as diodes or LEDs Diode characteristic Since LEDs have a bounded workspace the PWM ensures a variable intensity of illumination at a constant voltage on the diodes In addition the lifetime of a diode increases The internal resistance is ideal in this area The diode gets time to cool down when operated with a PWM in its workspace Implementation of PWM Modulation frequency T...

Page 75: ...y PWMChange0 3 SeqSelector is to be written as a percentage value E X A M P L E S O F P W M S Figure 65 25 intensity Figure 66 50 intensity Figure 67 75 intensity The integrals over both periods 𝑇𝐴 and 𝑇𝐴 are equal 𝐀 𝑡𝐴2 𝑡𝐴1 𝐁 𝑡𝐵2 𝑡𝐵1 An equal amount of Photons will be emitted The intensity of light is the same 𝑡𝐴2 𝑡𝐴1 𝑡𝐵2 𝑡𝐵1 The periods 𝑇𝐴 and 𝑇𝐵 are equal in length T H E P W M M O D U L E ...

Page 76: ...on the logic input The result can be connected to a camera trigger signal or it may be source for the next logical operation with another input It is possible to connect it to an OUT line as well AND Both trigger inputs have to be true A B Y A B 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 NAND The NEGATIVE AND is true only if its inputs are false Invert the output of the AND module A B Y A NAND B 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 ...

Page 77: ...h or a low level pulse_out Invert both trigger inputs By inverting the resulting pulse_out you will get the NOR I pulse A B Y A B NOR Y A B NOR i 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 7 3 6 Serial data interfaces ANSI EIA TIA 232 F RS 232 and RS 422 from EIA read as Radio Sector or commonly as Recommended Standard are technical standards to specify electrical characteristics of digital signaling circuit...

Page 78: ...e values are low 3 15 V high 3 15 V With restrictions refer to Table serial interface parameter above Data transportis asynchronous Synchronization is implemented by fist and last bit of a package Therefore the last bit can be longer e g 1 5 or 2 times the bit duration Datarate bits per second must be defined before transmission Serial interface Parameter RS 232 RS 422 Maximum open circuit voltage...

Page 79: ... implemented by the UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Figure 68 UART encoding of a data stream RS 422 RS 422 is a differential low voltage communication standard Figure 69 LVDS signal no return to zero volt Refer to specifications to see if RS 422 is implemented in your camera ...

Page 80: ...tt trigger Instead of triggering to a certain value Schmitt trigger provides a threshold FI GUR E 70 S CHMIT T TR I GGER N OI SE S U SPE N SI ON 7 3 8 Debouncing Trigger Signals Bounces or glitches caused by a switch can be avoided by software within the SVCam Figure 71 bounces or glitches caused by a switch ...

Page 81: ... place and enable the debouncer module in between the trigger schmitt trigger and the input source e g line 1 DebouncDuration register can be set in multiples of 15ns implement of system clock E g 66 666 1 ms Figure 72 debouncer between the trigger source and trigger The Debouncer module Figure 73 Illustration of the debouncer module ...

Page 82: ...word resulting in 16 unique settings Reducing count of interpreted trigger signal Use the prescaler to ignore a certain count of trigger signals Divide the amount of trigger signals by setting a divisor Maximum value for prescale divisor is 16 4 bit Figure 74 Prescale values The prescale module Figure 75 Illustration of the prescale module ...

Page 83: ...nd camera internals from environmental influences IP67 models do have an IR cut filter by default Please refer to your camera order to see if a filter is built in Alternatively take a close look on the sensor Build in IR filters are screwed within the lens mount See figure below All kinds of filter can be ordered and placed in front of the sensors Please refer to your local distributer NOTICE As t...

Page 84: ...l sensitivity of the sensor The spectral graph below shows the wavelength relative impact of the SVS VISTEK standard filter Figure 77 IR cut filter light transmission Focal Impact of Filters As an IR cut filter mainly consist of a small layer of glass 1 mm thick there is an impact on the flange focal distance Refraction within the layer cause shortening this distance When ordering a standard camer...

Page 85: ...t shutter type interline progressive interline progressive sensor pixel clock 40 MHz 40 MHz chroma mono bayer equivalent format 1 2 1 2 active pixel w x h 1024 x 1024 px 1024 x 1024 px effective pixel w x h 1040 x 1040 px 1040 x 1040 px diagonal 7 96 mm 7 96 mm pixel w x h 5 5 x 5 5 µm 5 5 x 5 5 µm optic sensor w x h 5 63 x 5 72 mm 5 63 x 5 72 mm active sensor diag 7 96 mm 7 96 mm max frame rate 5...

Page 86: ... modes internal software external internal software external high low trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 ...

Page 87: ...7 1 1 1 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 01050 C Figure 78 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 01050 C 1 1 2 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 01050 A Figure 79 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 01050 A ...

Page 88: ...1600 x 1200 px effective pixel w x h 1640 x 1240 px 1640 x 1240 px diagonal 11 mm 11 mm pixel w x h 5 5 x 5 5 µm 5 5 x 5 5 µm optic sensor w x h 8 8 x 6 82 mm 8 8 x 6 82 mm active sensor diag 11 mm 11 mm max frame rate 33 2 fps 33 2 fps exposure time 6 µs 60 s 6 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 58 dB 58 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry freque...

Page 89: ... trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C ...

Page 90: ...0 1 1 3 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 02050 C Figure 80 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 02050 C 1 1 4 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 02050 A Figure 81 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 02050 A ...

Page 91: ...x 1080 px effective pixel w x h 1960 x 1120 px 1960 x 1120 px diagonal 12 1 mm 12 1 mm pixel w x h 5 5 x 5 5 µm 5 5 x 5 5 µm optic sensor w x h 10 5 x 6 16 mm 10 5 x 6 16 mm active sensor diag 12 1 mm 12 1 mm max frame rate 31 7 fps 31 7 fps exposure time 6 µs 60 s 6 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 58 dB 58 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry f...

Page 92: ... trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C ...

Page 93: ...3 1 1 5 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 02150 C Figure 82 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 02150 C 1 1 6 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 02150 A Figure 83 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 02150 A ...

Page 94: ...1752 px effective pixel w x h 2360 x 1776 px 2360 x 1776 px diagonal 16 1 mm 16 1 mm pixel w x h 5 5 x 5 5 µm 5 5 x 5 5 µm optic sensor w x h 12 8 x 9 76 mm 12 8 x 9 76 mm active sensor diag 16 1 mm 16 1 mm max frame rate 16 8 fps 16 8 fps exposure time 6 µs 60 s 6 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 58 dB 58 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry fre...

Page 95: ... trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C ...

Page 96: ...6 1 2 1 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 04050 C Figure 84 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 04050 C 1 2 2 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 04050 A Figure 85 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 04050 A ...

Page 97: ...el w x h 1940 x 1460 px 1940 x 1460 px diagonal 10 98 mm 10 98 mm pixel w x h 4 54 x 4 54 µm 4 54 x 4 54 µm optic sensor w x h 8 77 x 6 62 mm 8 77 x 6 62 mm active sensor diag 10 98 mm 10 98 mm max frame rate 19 9 fps 19 9 fps exposure time 42 µs 60 s 42 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 62 dB 62 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry frequency sele...

Page 98: ... trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C ...

Page 99: ...ns 99 1 2 3 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX674AQG Figure 86 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX674AQG 1 2 4 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX674ALG Figure 87 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX674ALG ...

Page 100: ...xel w x h 2758 x 2208 px 2758 x 2208 px diagonal 15 99 mm 15 99 mm pixel w x h 4 54 x 4 54 µm 4 54 x 4 54 µm optic sensor w x h 12 4 x 10 0 mm 12 4 x 10 0 mm active sensor diag 15 99 mm 15 99 mm max frame rate 10 1 fps 10 1 fps exposure time 42 µs 60 s 42 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 58 dB 58 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry frequency sel...

Page 101: ...w trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C...

Page 102: ...s 102 1 2 5 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX694AQG Figure 88 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX694AQG 1 2 6 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX694ALG Figure 89 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX694ALG ...

Page 103: ...xel w x h 2758 x 2208 px 2758 x 2208 px diagonal 15 99 mm 15 99 mm pixel w x h 4 54 x 4 54 µm 4 54 x 4 54 µm optic sensor w x h 12 4 x 10 0 mm 12 4 x 10 0 mm active sensor diag 15 99 mm 15 99 mm max frame rate 10 1 fps 10 1 fps exposure time 42 µs 60 s 42 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 58 dB 58 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry frequency sel...

Page 104: ...w trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C...

Page 105: ...s 105 1 2 7 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX695AQG Figure 90 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX695AQG 1 2 8 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX695ALG Figure 91 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX695ALG ...

Page 106: ...xel w x h 3388 x 2712 px 3388 x 2712 px diagonal 15 97 mm 15 97 mm pixel w x h 3 69 x 3 69 µm 3 69 x 3 69 µm optic sensor w x h 12 4 x 10 0 mm 12 4 x 10 0 mm active sensor diag 15 97 mm 15 97 mm max frame rate 7 fps 7 fps exposure time 42 µs 60 s 42 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 60 dB 60 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry frequency select ca...

Page 107: ...w trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C...

Page 108: ...s 108 1 2 9 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX814AQA Figure 92 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX814AQA 1 2 10 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX814ALA Figure 93 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX814ALA ...

Page 109: ...xel w x h 3388 x 2712 px 3388 x 2712 px diagonal 15 97 mm 15 97 mm pixel w x h 3 69 x 3 69 µm 3 69 x 3 69 µm optic sensor w x h 12 4 x 10 0 mm 12 4 x 10 0 mm active sensor diag 15 97 mm 15 97 mm max frame rate 7 fps 7 fps exposure time 42 µs 60 s 42 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 58 dB 58 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry frequency select ca...

Page 110: ...w trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C...

Page 111: ... 111 1 2 11 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX815AQA Figure 94 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX815AQA 1 2 12 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX815ALA Figure 95 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX815ALA ...

Page 112: ...pixel w x h 4250 x 2838 px 4250 x 2838 px diagonal 15 81 mm 15 81 mm pixel w x h 3 1 x 3 1 µm 3 1 x 3 1 µm optic sensor w x h 13 1 x 8 79 mm 13 1 x 8 79 mm active sensor diag 15 81 mm 15 81 mm max frame rate 5 5 fps 5 5 fps exposure time 42 µs 60 s 42 µs 60 s max gain 18 dB 18 dB dynamic range 55 dB 55 dB camera features firmware version 1 6 5 1 6 5 memory 64 MB 64 MB CL_geometry frequency select ...

Page 113: ...w trigger x x pulseloop 4 4 IOMUX pwm 4 sequencer pwm 4 sequencer exposure output x x trigger in 24 V 2 2 output open drain 2 2 opto input output RS 232 in out 1 1 1 1 RS 422 in out 1 1 1 1 housing features Mount C Mount C Mount lens control dimensions w h d mm 38 38 45 mm 38 38 45 mm weight 110 g 110 g protection class IP40 IP40 temp Sensor Mainboard Mainboard temp Ambient C 10 to 45 C 10 to 45 C...

Page 114: ... 114 1 2 13 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX834AQG Figure 96 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX834AQG 1 2 14 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX834ALG Figure 97 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX834ALG ...

Page 115: ... authorization is issued Seller will inform Buyer of related repair and or replacement costs and request authorization before incurring such costs Buyer shall identify all returned material with Sellers invoice number under which material has been received If more than one invoice applies material has to be clearly segregated and identified by applicable invoice numbers Adjustment is contingent up...

Page 116: ...SVS VISTEK Terms of warranty 116 ...

Page 117: ... present or don t have the proper quality the camera cannot read out any frame Mode 1 and 2 Beware of spikes on the signal Image is present but distorted Check the camera configuration file of your frame grabber Check number of front and back porch pixel Wrong numbers in configuration file can cause sync problems Check if your frame grabber can work with the data rate of the camera Image of a colo...

Page 118: ...n 7 XP Which Camera are you using Type e g svs3625MTHCPC Serial Number Which Accessories are you using Power Supply Cable Lens Type and Focal Length Firmware No of Version Operation Mode Please send a screenshot of ConvCam screen or log file In case of EURESYS Grabber Brand and Type Driver Version If Patch please specify Camera file used Short Description of Problem E g missing lines noisy image m...

Page 119: ...SVS VISTEK Troubleshooting 119 Space for further descriptions screenshots and log files ...

Page 120: ...ct when the enclosure is at an angle of 15 either side of the vertical 2 Protected against water droplets Droplets falling vertically must not have any harmful effect with enclosure at an angle of 15 either side of the vertical 3 Protected against spray water Water sprayed at any angle of up to 60 either side of the vertical must not have any harmful effect 4 Protected against water splashes Water...

Page 121: ...SVS VISTEK IP protection classes 121 ...

Page 122: ...d on the National Semiconductor interface Channel link It was designed for the purpose of standardizing scientific and industrial video products including cameras cables and frame grabbers Charge Coupled Device Commonly used technology used for camera sensors used to detect quantify light i e for capturing images in an electronic manner CCDs were first introduced in the early 70ies Complementary M...

Page 123: ...nd below the desired area Typically applied to CCD sensors In most CMOS image sensors an AOI area of interest or ROI region of interest can be defined by selecting the area to be read This leads to increased frame rate The base clock beat that operates the sensor chip is It is typically also the clock with which pixels are presented at the output node of the image sensor A camera RAW image file co...

Page 124: ... 3 0 interface and uses USB 3 0 ports Components from different manufacturers will easily communicate with each other Cameras for industrial use usually provide a set of different trigger modes with which they can be operated The most common trigger modes are 1 Programmable shutter trigger mode Each image is captured with a pre defined shutter time 2 Pulse Width Control trigger The image capture i...

Page 125: ...ustration Cross section of a CCD sensor from Sony 32 Figure 16 Illustration of interline transfer with columns and rows 33 Figure 17 motion blur with global shutter and moving objects 34 Figure 18 rolling shutter with moving objects geometric distortion 34 Figure 19 interlaced effect 34 Figure 1 illustration of rising amount of values gray scales by increasing the bit format 38 Figure 1 Simplified...

Page 126: ... curves comparable to a LUT 56 Figure 52 AOI on a CCD sensor 57 Figure 53 Illustration of a defect pixel 58 Figure 54 IN0 connected to debouncer 59 Figure 4 I O switch matrix connections will be made withn a 1 instead of a 0 60 Figure 5 I O Lines with open end indicate physical in and outputs 61 Figure 57 use the breakout box to simplify your wiring 65 Figure 58 Illustration of two LEDs switched i...

Page 127: ...tivity Characteristics KAI 02150 A 93 Figure 84 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 04050 C 96 Figure 85 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics KAI 04050 A 96 Figure 86 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX674AQG 99 Figure 87 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX674ALG 99 Figure 88 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX694AQG 102 Figure 89 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX694ALG ...

Page 128: ...ascade 67 Camera Features 48 Camera status LED codes 12 CCD 32 45 50 57 Color 40 46 Connecting multiple Cameras 25 Connectors 23 Contents of Camera Set 12 Continuously Tap Balancing 50 ConvCam 118 Correction 58 Cross Section 30 Cycle duration 74 dark noise 42 dB 43 debouncer 59 81 Debouncing 80 Debouncing Trigger Signals 80 Decimation 46 Decimation on Color Sensors 46 defect map 58 Defect Pixel Co...

Page 129: ...al shutter 34 Glossary of Terms 122 Horizontal Binning 45 I O 59 67 I O Features 59 illumination 74 Image Flip 44 Image Impact of IR Cut Filter 84 Implementation of PWM 74 Index of figures 125 Initialization 17 Input output connectors 27 input vector to switch matrix 62 Interline Transfer 33 interval 72 Inverter 64 Inverter Set to 1 64 IO Assignment 80 IP protection classes 120 IR cut filter 40 83...

Page 130: ...esistance 7 side Left 29 Single Tap 49 Software 13 Software Setup 14 Software Trigger 53 Space for further descriptions screenshots and log files 119 Specifications 85 Spectral Impact of IR Cut Filters 84 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX674ALG 99 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX674AQG 99 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX694ALG 102 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics ICX694A...

Page 131: ... 70 Strobe Duration 70 Strobe Polarity 70 Strobe Timing 70 Support Request Form 118 Support Request Form Check List 118 SVCapture 2 x 13 System Clock Frequency 51 Tap 50 Tap Balancing 50 Tap Balancing once 50 Tap configuration 48 Tap geometries 48 Tap Reconstruction 50 Tap Structure 48 temperature 42 51 Temperature Sensor 51 temperatures 40 Terms of warranty 115 The Debouncer module 81 The ECO Gig...

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