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Appendix A: Glossary
work and consume bandwidth, whereas viruses infect or corrupt files on a
targeted computer. Viruses generally do not affect network performance,
because their malicious activities are mostly confined within the target com-
puter itself.
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access . A standard created by IEEE and the Wi-Fi Alliance to
address the security weaknesses in WEP . For more information, see the Wi-Fi
Alliance white paper at
http://www.wi-fi.org/white_papers/whitepaper-
042903-wpa .
WPA-PSK
WPA
using a Preshared Key . PSK refers to a key that is shared between two
stations before it needs to be used, such as over a secured channel or non-
electronically (the end-user is told the correct key).
X
X.509
A strong authentication standard for PKI . One of its functions is to specify a
standard format for
public key
certificates and a path for certification valida-
tion. For more information, see ITU Recommendation X.509 at http://
www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.509/en .
Z
zero-day attack An attack of any sort that exploits a vulnerability that has not yet been
officially discovered and patched. Because systems are not protected from
zero-day attacks, these attacks can aggressively propagate throughout the
world in a matter of hours. Zero-day attacks consume incredible amounts of
network resources when propagating and can use unique code that most
antivirus software does not detect.