background image

Theory of thermography

25

where:

W

λb

Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength λ.

c

Velocity of light = 3 × 10

8

m/s

h

Planck’s constant = 6.6 × 10

-34

Joule sec.

k

Boltzmann’s constant = 1.4 × 10

-23

Joule/K.

T

Absolute temperature (K) of a blackbody.

λ

Wavelength (μm).

Note

The factor 10

-6

is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in

Watt/m

2

, μm.

Planck’s formula, when plotted graphically for various temperatures, produces a family of
curves. Following any particular Planck curve, the spectral emittance is zero at λ = 0,
then increases rapidly to a maximum at a wavelength λ

max

and after passing it ap-

proaches zero again at very long wavelengths. The higher the temperature, the shorter
the wavelength at which maximum occurs.

Figure 25.4

Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck’s law, plotted for various absolute

temperatures. 1: Spectral radiant emittance (W/cm

2

× 10

3

(μm)); 2: Wavelength (μm)

25.3.2

Wien’s displacement law

By differentiating Planck’s formula with respect to λ, and finding the maximum, we have:

This is Wien’s formula (after

Wilhelm Wien

, 1864–1928), which expresses mathemati-

cally the common observation that colors vary from red to orange or yellow as the tem-
perature of a thermal radiator increases. The wavelength of the color is the same as the
wavelength calculated for λ

max

. A good approximation of the value of λ

max

for a given

blackbody temperature is obtained by applying the rule-of-thumb 3 000/T μm. Thus, a
very hot star such as Sirius (11 000 K), emitting bluish-white light, radiates with the peak
of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum, at wave-
length 0.27 μm.

#T559950; r. AD/35720/35720; en-US

96

Summary of Contents for FLIR A6 Series

Page 1: ...User s manual FLIR A6xx series nbn Austria GmbH...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...User s manual FLIR A6xx series T559950 r AD 35720 35720 en US iii...

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Page 5: ...ral information 8 5 1 1 Explanation 8 5 1 2 Default installation paths 8 5 2 System requirements 8 5 2 1 Operating system 8 5 2 2 Hardware 8 5 2 3 Software 8 5 2 4 More information 8 5 3 Installation...

Page 6: ...windowing 80 38 14 9 FLIR A655sc 15 42 14 10 FLIR A655sc 25 46 14 11 FLIR A655sc 45 50 14 12 FLIR A655sc 7 54 14 13 FLIR A655sc 80 58 15 Pin configurations and schematics 62 15 1 Pin configuration for...

Page 7: ...ameters 90 24 History of infrared technology 91 25 Theory of thermography 94 25 1 Introduction 94 25 2 The electromagnetic spectrum 94 25 3 Blackbody radiation 94 25 3 1 Planck s law 95 25 3 2 Wien s...

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Page 9: ...e liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequen tial loss or damage whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory This warranty shall be governed by Swedish law Any dispute...

Page 10: ...581 D665 004 D665 440 D677298 D710 424 S D718801 DI6702302 9 DI6903617 9 DI7002221 6 DI7002891 5 DI7002892 3 DI7005799 0 DM 057692 DM 061609 EP 2115696 B1 EP2315433 SE 0700240 5 US 8340414 B2 ZL 20133...

Page 11: ...TWO HUN DRED FIFTY DOLLARS U S 250 00 Limitations on Reverse Engineering Decompilation and Disassembly You may not reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the SOFTWARE except and only to the extent...

Page 12: ...nfrared lens The lens has an anti reflective coating which is easily dam aged Damage to the infrared lens can occur CAUTION Do not use too much force to clean the infrared lens This can cause damage t...

Page 13: ...ining visit http www infraredtraining com http www irtraining com http www irtraining eu 3 6 Documentation updates Our manuals are updated several times per year and we also issue product critical not...

Page 14: ...and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following information to hand The camera model The camera serial number The communic...

Page 15: ...r your infrared camera Program updates for your PC Mac software Freeware and evaluation versions of PC Mac software User documentation for current obsolete and historical products Mechanical drawings...

Page 16: ...ation paths C Program Files FLIR Systems FLIR IP Config C Program Files FLIR Systems FLIR IR Monitor C Program Files FLIR Systems FLIR IR Camera Player C Program Files FLIR Systems AXXX Control Image...

Page 17: ...are from third party vendors Do not abort these subinstallations as they are needed for the complete installation A complete installation can take up to 10 minutes to complete 5 3 2 Procedure Follow t...

Page 18: ...oad card for this software is included in the camera package To install the software follow the procedure in the user s manual for FLIR ResearchIR The user s manual is available in the User documentat...

Page 19: ...nto concise docu ments to share findings and justify repairs Go to the following website to download FLIR Tools http support flir com tools 7 2 Quick start guide FLIR A6xx sc series Follow this proced...

Page 20: ...case for A3xx A6xx series T197871ACC Cardboard box for A3xx A6xx series T197870ACC Filter holder for A6xx lenses T126889ACC FLIR Tools T198584 FLIR Tools license only T198583 FLIR IR Camera Player DSW...

Page 21: ...event dust build up 9 3 Vibrations When installing the camera unit in harsh industrial environments every precaution should be taken when securing the unit If the environment exposes the unit to sever...

Page 22: ...Mechanical installation 9 Example 2 cable strain relief with cable clamps T559950 r AD 35720 35720 en US 14...

Page 23: ...s 1 Rotate the lens counter clockwise 30 looking at the front of the lens 2 Carefully pull out the lens from the bayonet ring 10 3 Mounting an infrared lens Note Do not touch the lens surface when you...

Page 24: ...DC power in Note The power connector on the camera is polarity protected 3 USB cable with a USB mini B connector for control and image transfer 4 Digital I O ports opto isolated six pole screw termin...

Page 25: ...1 2 Explanation 1 Computer 2 CAT 6 Ethernet cable with RJ45 connectors 3 Industrial Ethernet switches with fiber optic ports 4 Fiber optic cable 5 FLIR A6xx cameras 6 Industrial process to be monitor...

Page 26: ...3 Figure 12 1 4 Explanation 1 Computer 2 CAT 6 Ethernet cable with RJ45 connectors 3 Industrial Ethernet switch 4 FLIR A6xx cameras 5 Industrial process to be monitored e g a gasifier 12 1 5 Figure T...

Page 27: ...e 5 Wireless access points 6 CAT 6 Ethernet cable with RJ45 connectors powering the camera using PoE de pendent on the camera model 7 Industrial Ethernet switch 8 FLIR A6xx cameras 12 2 FLIR A6xx sc s...

Page 28: ...ate high or low voltage on an input pin is used to mark images for use by an application The state high or low voltage on an output pin is controlled by an application See the section Technical data f...

Page 29: ...data FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice Please check http support flir com for latest changes 14 3 Note about authoritative versions The authorit...

Page 30: ...Common Vision Blox Open and well described TCP IP protocol for control and set up Typical applications High end infrared machine vision that needs temperature measurement Slag detection Food processi...

Page 31: ...s TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Ethernet Ethernet Control and image Ethernet type Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type...

Page 32: ...ysical data Weight 0 92 kg 2 03 lb Camera size L W H 222 73 75 mm 8 7 2 9 3 0 in Camera size excl lens L W H 203 73 75 mm 8 0 2 9 3 0 in Tripod mounting UNC 20 on three sides Base mounting 2 M4 thread...

Page 33: ...ble Std A Mini B T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1910586ACC Power cable pigtailed T197871ACC Hard transport case for A3xx A6xx series T197870ACC Cardboard box for A3xx A6xx series T126889ACC...

Page 34: ...mers Common Vision Blox Open and well described TCP IP protocol for control and set up Typical applications High end infrared machine vision that requires temperature measurement Slag detection Food p...

Page 35: ...s TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Ethernet Ethernet Control and image Ethernet type Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type...

Page 36: ...EC 60068 2 6 Physical data Weight 0 90 kg 1 98 lb Camera size L W H 216 73 75 mm 8 5 2 9 3 0 in Camera size excl lens L W H 203 73 75 mm 8 0 2 9 3 0 in Tripod mounting UNC 20 on three sides Base mount...

Page 37: ...gs for A3xx A3xxsc A6xx and A6xxsc T911182 Power supply for A3xx f IP66 1910423 USB cable Std A Mini B T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1910586ACC Power cable pigtailed T197871ACC Hard transp...

Page 38: ...ommon Vision Blox Open and well described TCP IP protocol for control and set up Typical applications High end infrared machine vision that requires temperature measurement Slag detection Food process...

Page 39: ...s TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Ethernet Ethernet Control and image Ethernet type Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type...

Page 40: ...ysical data Weight 0 94 kg 2 07 lb Camera size L W H 225 73 75 mm 8 8 2 9 3 0 in Camera size excl lens L W H 203 73 75 mm 8 0 2 9 3 0 in Tripod mounting UNC 20 on three sides Base mounting 2 M4 thread...

Page 41: ...f IP66 1910423 USB cable Std A Mini B T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1910586ACC Power cable pigtailed T197871ACC Hard transport case for A3xx A6xx series T197870ACC Cardboard box for A3xx...

Page 42: ...mmon Vision Blox Open and well described TCP IP protocol for control and set up Typical applications High end infrared machine vision that requires temperature measurement Slag detection Food processi...

Page 43: ...s TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Ethernet Ethernet Control and image Ethernet type Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type...

Page 44: ...ta Weight 1 61 kg 3 55 lb Camera size L W H 271 126 128 mm 10 7 5 0 5 0 in Camera size excl lens L W H 203 73 75 mm 8 0 2 9 3 0 in Tripod mounting UNC 20 on three sides Base mounting 2 M4 thread mount...

Page 45: ...ble Std A Mini B T951004ACC Ethernet cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1910586ACC Power cable pigtailed T197871ACC Hard transport case for A3xx A6xx series T197870ACC Cardboard box for A3xx A6xx series T126889ACC...

Page 46: ...ers Common Vision Blox Open and well described TCP IP protocol for control and set up Typical applications High end infrared machine vision that requires temperature measurement Slag detection Food pr...

Page 47: ...s TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Ethernet Ethernet Control and image Ethernet type Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type...

Page 48: ...Camera size L W H 297 73 75 mm 11 7 2 9 3 0 in Camera size excl lens L W H 203 73 75 mm 8 0 2 9 3 0 in Tripod mounting UNC 20 on three sides Base mounting 2 M4 thread mounting holes on three sides Ho...

Page 49: ...net cable CAT6 2 m 6 6 ft 1910586ACC Power cable pigtailed T197871ACC Hard transport case for A3xx A6xx series T197870ACC Cardboard box for A3xx A6xx series T126889ACC Filter holder for A6xx lenses T1...

Page 50: ...mm 1 63 in Spatial resolution IFOV 0 41 mrad Lens identification Automatic F number 1 0 Image frequency 50 Hz 100 200 Hz with windowing Focus Automatic or manual built in motor Detector data Detector...

Page 51: ...n and GenICam compatible Ethernet protocols TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Digital input output Digital input purpose Image tag start stop general Image...

Page 52: ...ax 4 licence only Hard transport case Mains cable Power cable pig tailed Power supply Printed documentation USB cable Packaging weight Packaging size 360 180 550 mm 14 2 7 1 21 7 in EAN 13 73325580033...

Page 53: ...chIR Max 4 hardware sec dev T199013 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 printed license key T199043 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 Upgrade printed license key T198731 FLIR ResearchIR Standard 4 hardware sec dev T199012 FLIR...

Page 54: ...m 0 97 in Spatial resolution IFOV 0 68 mrad Lens identification Automatic F number 1 0 Image frequency 50 Hz 100 200 Hz with windowing Focus Automatic or manual built in motor Detector data Detector t...

Page 55: ...n and GenICam compatible Ethernet protocols TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Digital input output Digital input purpose Image tag start stop general Image...

Page 56: ...licence only Hard transport case Mains cable Power cable pig tailed Power supply Printed documentation USB cable Packaging weight 5 4 kg 11 9 lb Packaging size 360 180 550 mm 14 2 7 1 21 7 in EAN 13...

Page 57: ...ResearchIR Max HSDR 4 Upgrade printed license key T198696 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 hardware sec dev T199013 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 printed license key T199043 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 Upgrade printed license...

Page 58: ...2 in Spatial resolution IFOV 1 23 mrad Lens identification Automatic F number 1 0 Image frequency 50 Hz 100 200 Hz with windowing Focus Automatic or manual built in motor Detector data Detector type F...

Page 59: ...n and GenICam compatible Ethernet protocols TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Digital input output Digital input purpose Image tag start stop general Image...

Page 60: ...x 4 licence only Hard transport case Mains cable Power cable pig tailed Power supply Printed documentation USB cable Packaging weight Packaging size 360 180 550 mm 14 2 7 1 21 7 in EAN 13 733255800332...

Page 61: ...T198696 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 hardware sec dev T199013 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 printed license key T199043 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 Upgrade printed license key T198731 FLIR ResearchIR Standard 4 hardware...

Page 62: ...in Spatial resolution IFOV 0 19 mrad Lens identification Automatic F number 1 3 Image frequency 50 Hz 100 200 Hz with windowing Focus Automatic or manual built in motor Detector data Detector type Fo...

Page 63: ...n and GenICam compatible Ethernet protocols TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Digital input output Digital input purpose Image tag start stop general Image...

Page 64: ...FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 licence only Hard transport case Mains cable Power cable pig tailed Power supply Printed documentation USB cable Packaging weight Packaging size EAN 13 7332558004715 UPC 12 8451...

Page 65: ...chIR Max 4 hardware sec dev T199013 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 printed license key T199043 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 Upgrade printed license key T198731 FLIR ResearchIR Standard 4 hardware sec dev T199012 FLIR...

Page 66: ...6 in Spatial resolution IFOV 2 62 mrad Lens identification Automatic F number 1 0 Image frequency 50 Hz 100 200 Hz with windowing Focus Automatic or manual built in motor Detector data Detector type F...

Page 67: ...n and GenICam compatible Ethernet protocols TCP UDP SNTP RTSP RTP HTTP ICMP IGMP ftp SMTP SMB CIFS DHCP MDNS Bonjour uPnP Digital input output Digital input purpose Image tag start stop general Image...

Page 68: ...FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 licence only Hard transport case Mains cable Power cable pig tailed Power supply Printed documentation USB cable Packaging weight Packaging size EAN 13 7332558006054 UPC 12 84518...

Page 69: ...chIR Max 4 hardware sec dev T199013 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 printed license key T199043 FLIR ResearchIR Max 4 Upgrade printed license key T198731 FLIR ResearchIR Standard 4 hardware sec dev T199012 FLIR...

Page 70: ...n 5 Supply VCC 6 24 VDC max 200 mA 6 Supply Gnd Gnd Note Cables for digital I O ports should be 100 m 328 maximum 15 2 LED indicators The LEDs indicate the following Type of signal Explanation The LED...

Page 71: ...Mechanical drawings 16 T559950 r AD 35720 35720 en US 63...

Page 72: ...3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A B C D E F G H 1 3 2 5 4 C F B D G E A 6 Size A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system o...

Page 73: ...e A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanica...

Page 74: ...E A 6 Size A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic...

Page 75: ...E A 6 Size A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic...

Page 76: ...G E A 6 Size A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electroni...

Page 77: ...18 R D Thermography Modified 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A B C D E F G H 1 3 2 5 4 C F B D G E A 6 Size A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reprodu...

Page 78: ...G E A 6 Size A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electron...

Page 79: ...8 9 10 A B C D E F G H 1 3 2 5 4 C F B D G E A 6 Size A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmit...

Page 80: ...9 10 A B C D E F G H 1 3 2 5 4 C F B D G E A 6 Size A 1 2 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitt...

Page 81: ...CE Declaration of conformity 17 T559950 r AD 35720 35720 en US 73...

Page 82: ......

Page 83: ...if you use it to ensure that the wired Ethernet port is open Renew the DHCP license Make sure that the firewall is turned off when you troubleshoot Make sure that your wireless adapter is switched off...

Page 84: ...Digital I O connection diagrams 19 T559950 r AD 35720 35720 en US 76...

Page 85: ......

Page 86: ...uipment Cotton wool 20 2 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Soak the cotton wool in the liquid 2 Twist the cotton wool to remove excess liquid 3 Clean the lens one time only and discard the cotton wo...

Page 87: ...nically This mechanical cleaning must be carried out by an authorized service partner CAUTION In Step 2 below do not use pressurized air from pneumatic air circuits in a workshop etc as this air usual...

Page 88: ...Imaging 2009 OmniTech Partners 2009 Directed Perception 2009 Raymarine 2010 ICx Technologies 2010 TackTick Marine Digital Instruments 2011 Aerius Photonics 2011 Lorex Technology 2012 Traficon 2012 MAR...

Page 89: ...that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infra red camera systems We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera sys tems to work more productively by providing them with th...

Page 90: ...About FLIR Systems 21 no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language T559950 r AD 35720 35720 en US 82...

Page 91: ...function works all the time continuously adjusting brightness and contrast according to the im age content convection Convection is a heat transfer mode where a fluid is brought into mo tion either b...

Page 92: ...ity reflected apparent temperature distance etc object signal A non calibrated value related to the amount of radiation received by the camera from the object palette The set of colors used to display...

Page 93: ...ration temperature scale The way in which an IR image currently is displayed Expressed as two temperature values limiting the colors thermogram infrared image transmission or transmit tance factor Gas...

Page 94: ...ject and the camera The relative humidity Temperature of the atmosphere 23 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much r...

Page 95: ...Look for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection angle a b Figure 23 1 1 Reflection source 2 If the reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructi...

Page 96: ...d for two important reasons A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity A thermocouple requires a very good thermal contact to the surface usually by gluing and covering the sensor by a therma...

Page 97: ...he temperature and how evenly you have heated the sample Spot simpler Box Avg good for surfaces with varying emissivity 9 Write down the temperature 10 Move your measurement function to the sample sur...

Page 98: ...umidity of the atmosphere To do this set the relative humidity to the cor rect value For short distances and normal humidity the relative humidity can normally be left at a default value of 50 23 6 Ot...

Page 99: ...well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by ac tually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in th...

Page 100: ...Cl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remark ably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infra red optica...

Page 101: ...dance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive...

Page 102: ...at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into...

Page 103: ...temperature generates black body radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in tempe...

Page 104: ...25 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 103 m 2 Wavelength m 25 3 2 Wien s displacement law By...

Page 105: ...t each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 m 2 Wavelength m 25 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from 0 to we obtain the tot...

Page 106: ...mitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions Thus The spectral absorptance the ratio of the spect...

Page 107: ...i al i e a perfect mirror we have For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperatur...

Page 108: ...diation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker a...

Page 109: ...s at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibility to modify the measure ment situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sourc...

Page 110: ...ation 3 for Uobj Equation 4 This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Table 26 1 Voltages Uobj Calculated camera outp...

Page 111: ...are actually performing extrapola tion of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the trans mit...

Page 112: ...f radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters 0 88 Trefl...

Page 113: ...mission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 9 hman Claes Emittansm tningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999 Emittance measurements...

Page 114: ...face 20 50 T 0 06 0 07 1 Aluminum roughened 27 10 m 0 18 3 Aluminum roughened 27 3 m 0 28 3 Aluminum sheet 4 samples differently scratched 70 SW 0 05 0 08 9 Aluminum sheet 4 samples differently scratc...

Page 115: ...59 1 Brick fireclay 20 T 0 85 1 Brick masonry 35 SW 0 94 7 Brick masonry plastered 20 T 0 94 1 Brick red common 20 T 0 93 2 Brick red rough 20 T 0 88 0 93 1 Brick refractory corundum 1000 T 0 46 1 Bri...

Page 116: ...0 6 0 7 1 Copper oxidized to blackness T 0 88 1 Copper oxidized black 27 T 0 78 4 Copper oxidized heavily 20 T 0 78 2 Copper polished 50 100 T 0 02 1 Copper polished 100 T 0 03 2 Copper polished comm...

Page 117: ...worked with emery 20 T 0 24 1 Iron and steel ground sheet 950 1100 T 0 55 0 61 1 Iron and steel heavily rusted sheet 20 T 0 69 2 Iron and steel hot rolled 130 T 0 60 1 Iron and steel hot rolled 20 T...

Page 118: ...8 T 0 63 4 Iron cast oxidized 538 T 0 76 4 Iron cast oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 64 0 78 1 Iron cast polished 200 T 0 21 1 Iron cast polished 38 T 0 21 4 Iron cast polished 40 T 0 21 2 Iron cast unw...

Page 119: ...d 11 Nichrome rolled 700 T 0 25 1 Nichrome sandblasted 700 T 0 70 1 Nichrome wire clean 50 T 0 65 1 Nichrome wire clean 500 1000 T 0 71 0 79 1 Nichrome wire oxidized 50 500 T 0 95 0 98 1 Nickel bright...

Page 120: ...yellow T 0 28 0 33 1 Paint chrome green T 0 65 0 70 1 Paint cobalt blue T 0 7 0 8 1 Paint oil 17 SW 0 87 5 Paint oil based aver age of 16 colors 100 T 0 94 2 Paint oil black flat 20 SW 0 94 6 Paint oi...

Page 121: ...um 100 T 0 05 4 Platinum 1000 1500 T 0 14 0 18 1 Platinum 1094 T 0 18 4 Platinum 17 T 0 016 4 Platinum 22 T 0 03 4 Platinum 260 T 0 06 4 Platinum 538 T 0 10 4 Platinum pure polished 200 600 T 0 05 0 1...

Page 122: ...cco rough lime 10 90 T 0 91 1 Styrofoam insulation 37 SW 0 60 7 Tar T 0 79 0 84 1 Tar paper 20 T 0 91 0 93 1 Tile glazed 17 SW 0 94 5 Tin burnished 20 50 T 0 04 0 06 1 Tin tin plated sheet iron 100 T...

Page 123: ...0 98 5 Wood 19 LLW 0 962 8 Wood ground T 0 5 0 7 1 Wood pine 4 different samples 70 SW 0 67 0 75 9 Wood pine 4 different samples 70 LW 0 81 0 89 9 Wood planed 20 T 0 8 0 9 1 Wood planed oak 20 T 0 90...

Page 124: ...List Of Effective Files T501090 xml en US AD 35720 2016 05 19 T505475 xml en US 15550 2014 06 30 T505780 xml en US 33259 2016 02 10 T505469 xml en US 23215 2015 02 19 T505013 xml en US 35155 2016 04...

Page 125: ......

Page 126: ...hange without further notice Models and accessories subject to regional market considerations License procedures may apply Products described herein may be subject to US Export Regulations Please refe...

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