TABLE IV. Check Bit Overhead for Multiple Bit Error
Detection and Single Bit Error Correction
Number of Bits
Number of
Percentage
in Memory
Check Bits
of Excess
Data Word
Required
Memory
8
5
63%
16
6
38%
24
6 (7)
25% (29%)
32
7
22%
48
7 (8)
15% (17%)
64
8
13%
Note:
The number stated assumes the use of the DP8400; the number in
parentheses is required by other error correction circuits.
lists the number of additional memory chips required to sup-
port single bit error correction and double bit error detection
as a function of the memory data word width.
This table also shows the percentage of DRAM overhead
required to implement this function. Adding error correction
also increases the memory access delay, since the informa-
tion contained in the overhead chips must be analyzed in
each read and generated in each write operation.
DP8400 16-Bit Expandable Error Correction Chip
The DP8400 expandable error checker/corrector is shown
in block diagram form in
Figure 8 . This circuit offers a high
degree of flexibility in applications which range from 8-bit
to 80-bit data words. It is a 16-bit chip that is easily expand-
able with the simple addition of more DP8400s for each 16-
bit word increment.
Figures 9a, 9b and 9c demonstrate its basic operation in the
write and read memory access cycles.
Figure 9a shows the
normal write cycle, where system data is used by the
DP8400 to generate parity bits, called check bits, based on
certain combinations of the data bits. This combination is
defined by the DP8400’s matrix shown in
Figure 10 . When-
ever a ‘‘1’’ occurs in any row, the corresponding input data
bit at the top of the column helps determine the parity for
that check bit labeled at the end of the row. These check
bits are written along with the data at the same memory
address. Also, during a memory write cycle the DP8400
checks system byte parity. This is parity associated with the
data bytes transmitted between the processor and the
memory card. This is an optional feature that may prove
very valuable in multiple board memory systems.
Sometime later a read will occur at this same memory ad-
dress. The reading of memory data may be performed in
two ways, as shown in
Figures 9b and 9c . In the read cycle,
the DP8400 uses the data read from memory and internally
regenerates check bits using the same matrix. These newly
generated check bits are then compared (using X-OR
gates) with the check bits read from memory to detect er-
rors. The result of this comparison is called a syndrome
word. Any differences in the generated versus read check
bits will result in at least one syndrome bit true. This indi-
cates an error in either the read data or check bit field or
both.
TL/F/5012 – 10
FIGURE 8. DP8400 Simplified Block Diagram
7
Summary of Contents for DP8400
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