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bootable backup tapes and periodic backup tapes, and for installing software

updates. The IRIS workstation can be booted from the cartridge tape drive in

case the root file system on the disk is damaged (see Section 4.5.3).
The half-inch tape drive can be used for making periodic backup tapes and for

transferring files, but it is not a bootable device.
The tape drives can be used with either

tar

(1) or

cpio

(1), the standard

nix

archiving tools. Use the

mkboot

(1M) command to make a bootable backup

cartridge tape.

4.4.1 Making a Bootable Backup Tape

The bootable backup tape can be used to boot the workstation and rebuild the

disk in case the file system on the disk is damaged beyond use. Make a

bootable backup tape as soon as you install a new workstation. Make a new

bootable backup tape whenever you install a new software distribution or

change the size of the swap partition on your disk.
To make a bootable backup tape, follow these steps:

1. Become the super-user and reboot the system into single-user mode:

reboot

fsck

Correct any errors reported by

fsck

2. Change your working directory to the root file system:

cd /

3. Mount the

/usr

file system:

IRIS 3020:

mount /dev/md0c /usr

IRIS 3030:

mount /dev/si0f /usr

/usr

is too large, back it up onto a separate tape, using the procedure

described in Section 4.4.2.

4. Put a tape in the tape drive.

4-20 IRIS OWNER’S GUIDE

SERIES 3000 Version 1.1

Workstation Administration

Summary of Contents for 3010

Page 1: ...IRIS Series 3000 Owner s Guide Version 1 1 Silicon Graphics Inc 2011 Stierlin Road Mountain View CA 94043 ...

Page 2: ...eral copyright law The information may not be disclosed to third parties or copied or duplicated in any form in whole or in part without prior written consent of Silicon Graphics Inc The information in this document is subject to change without notice IRIS Series 3000 Owner s Guide Document numbers 007 5220 010 007 5220 011 Unix is a trademark of AT T Bell laboratories Ethernet and XNS are tradema...

Page 3: ...nd uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly ie in strict accordance with the operating instructions reference manuals and the service manual may cause interference to radio or television reception It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable prot...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...or 2 12 Monitor Control Panel for Fifteen inch 60 Hz Monitor 2 13 Monitor Control Panel for 33 Hz Monitor 2 14 IRIS Configuration Switches 3 2 Sample IRIS Boot Information 3 6 Sample etc passwd File 4 4 Sample etc group File 4 6 Standard I O Panel and Auxiliary I O Panel 7 2 Sample etc ttytype File 7 3 Sample etc inittab File 7 4 Sample etc gettydefs File 7 5 Monitor Back Panel for Nineteen inch 6...

Page 6: ...2 Disk Storage Requirements 6 3 Two Ways to Configure a Second Disk 6 9 Serial Device Names 7 2 Cartridge Tape Drive Specifications 7 18 Pin Definitions for Modem Cable 7 20 Pin Definitions for a Null Modem Cable 7 20 Simplified Null Modem Pin Definitions for Printers 7 21 Three wire Null Modem for Terminals 7 22 Summary of Cable Types 7 22 Primary and Secondary Video Options 8 1 IRIS Component Sp...

Page 7: ...thernet Connection 2 15 3 Booting the IRIS 3 1 3 1 Workstation Booting Instructions 3 1 3 2 Terminal Booting Instructions 3 4 3 3 The Startup Environment 3 5 3 4 Boot Options 3 8 3 4 1 PROM Monitor Boot 3 9 3 4 2 Automatic Boot 3 12 4 Workstation System Administration 4 1 4 1 Basic Operation and Shutdown 4 1 4 2 Unix Configuration 4 2 4 2 1 Naming an IRIS Workstation 4 3 4 2 2 Adding a New Account...

Page 8: ... 8 5 3 2 Configuring the Startup Environment 5 10 5 3 3 XNS Configuration 5 14 5 3 4 TCP IP Configuration 5 14 5 3 5 Miscellaneous Unix Configuration 5 15 6 Disk Configuration 6 1 6 1 Disk Specifications 6 2 6 2 IRIS Workstation Disk Configuration 6 3 6 2 1 Changing the Swap Partition Size on an IRIS 3020 6 4 6 2 3 Changing the Swap Partition Size on an IRIS 3030 6 6 6 2 4 Configuring a Second Dis...

Page 9: ...7 15 7 6 2 Configuring Software for a Digitizer Tablet 7 16 7 6 3 Using a Digitizer Tablet 7 17 7 7 Tape Drives IRIS Workstation Only 7 17 7 7 1 Half inch Tape Drive 7 17 7 7 2 Quarter inch Cartridge Tape Drive 7 18 7 8 Floppy Disk Drive 7 18 7 9 Stereo Optic Viewer 7 19 7 9 1 Connecting the Stereo Optic Viewer to the IRIS 7 19 7 10 Serial Port Cabling 7 19 8 Video Options 8 1 8 1 Supported Option...

Page 10: ...tor Control Panel A 2 A 2 4 Monitor Back Panel A 2 A 3 IRIS Electronics Cabinet A 9 A 3 1 Power Switch A 9 A 3 2 Optional Tape Drives A 9 A 3 3 Standard I O Panel A 9 A 3 4 Cabinet Power Panel A 10 A 4 Site Selection A 12 Appendix B System Messages B 1 B 1 Hardware Error Messages B 2 B 1 1 General Hardware Error Messages B 2 B 1 2 Disk Controller Messages B 2 B 1 3 Tape Drive Messages B 3 B 1 4 Fl...

Page 11: ...cedures for installing IRIS series 3000 products To complete this procedure See Chapter Section Install hardware Install optional peripherals including ASCII terminals Install non standard video monitors Boot the IRIS workstation Boot the IRIS terminal Configure software IRIS workstation Configure software IRIS terminal Configure disk Chapter 2 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Section 3 1 Section 3 2 Chapter 4...

Page 12: ...am for IRIS series 3000 products For further information contact Customer Service through the Geometry Hotline Silicon Graphics Geometry Hotline 800 252 0222 U S except California toll free 800 345 0222 California toll free 800 443 0222 Canada 1 4 Conventions This document uses the standard Unix convention for referring to entries in the Unix documentation The entry name is followed by a section n...

Page 13: ...vel 60 Hz non interlaced monitor standard or fifteen inch tilt and swivel 60 Hz non interlaced monitor Keyboard with right hand and left hand connectors for the mouse Optical mouse with grid pad Ethernet transceiver For a more detailed description of the components see Appendix A The IRIS 3000 series products can also be ordered with these hardware options Dial and button box 33 Hz interlaced moni...

Page 14: ...er supply see Figure 2 1 The cabinet uses forced air cooling and is mounted on casters A quarter inch cartridge tape drive internal or a half inch streaming tape drive external is optional on the IRIS workstation see Figure 2 2 A floppy disk drive is standard on the IRIS terminal see Figure 2 3 See Chapter 6 for disk specifications and Chapter 7 for tape specifications Three types of monitor are a...

Page 15: ...Version 1 0 SERIES 3000 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE 2 3 Hardware Installation Figure 2 1 IRIS Series 3000 System ...

Page 16: ...2 4 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE SERIES 3000 Version 1 0 Hardware Installation Figure 2 2 IRIS 3030 Cabinet Front Panel IRIS 3020 Similar ...

Page 17: ...Version 1 0 SERIES 3000 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE 2 5 Hardware Installation Figure 2 3 IRIS 3010 Cabinet Front Panel ...

Page 18: ...olor coded coaxial video cables to connect the monitor to the cabinet see Figure 2 4 1 If you are using only one monitor plug the terminators into the unused video connectors The terminators are attached to the monitor by chains To connect several monitors in a series daisy chain remove the terminators from all but the last monitor Plug the terminators on the last monitor into the unused video inp...

Page 19: ...Version 1 0 SERIES 3000 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE 2 7 Hardware Installation Figure 2 4 IRIS Cabinet Connections Nineteen inch 60 Hz Non interlaced Monitor ...

Page 20: ...and rotate to lock into place 3 Connect the other end of each color coded cable to the corresponding output socket on the standard I O panel Push each cable into the connector and rotate to lock into place 2 3 3 33 Hz Interlaced Monitor Use the color coded coaxial video cables to connect the monitor to the cabinet see Figure 2 6 1 If you are using only one monitor set all of the input impedance sw...

Page 21: ...Version 1 0 SERIES 3000 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE 2 9 Hardware Installation Figure 2 5 IRIS Cabinet Connections Fifteen inch 60 Hz Non interlaced Monitor ...

Page 22: ...2 10 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE SERIES 3000 Version 1 0 Hardware Installation Figure 2 6 IRIS Cabinet Connections 33 Hz Interlaced Monitor ...

Page 23: ...e monitor has warmed up turn the Brightness and Contrast controls to the maximum clockwise setting 2 Turn the Brightness control down until the gray raster just disappears in relation to the black area at the edge of the screen Lighter brightness settings impair image sharpness and color fidelity 3 After the Brightness control has been set adjustment of the Contrast control is a matter of personal...

Page 24: ...2 12 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE SERIES 3000 Version 1 0 Hardware Installation Figure 2 7 Monitor Control Panel for Nineteen inch 60 Hz Non interlaced Monitor ...

Page 25: ...Version 1 0 SERIES 3000 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE 2 13 Hardware Installation Figure 2 8 Monitor Control Panel for Fifteen inch 60 Hz Non interlaced Monitor ...

Page 26: ...2 14 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE SERIES 3000 Version 1 0 Hardware Installation Figure 2 9 Monitor Control Panel for 33 Hz Interlaced Monitor ...

Page 27: ...S Specifications for the IRIS power requirements 2 7 IRIS to Ethernet Connection The IRIS can communicate with other hosts and terminals that have the necessary communication software through an Ethernet local area network The IRIS can be connected to an Ethernet local area network while the network is operating To connect the IRIS to an Ethernet local area network you need An Ethernet transceiver...

Page 28: ... meter intervals minimum distance Transceivers should be placed at these rings to minimize transceiver reflection which can induce transmission errors Tap into the Ethernet cable instructions are included with each transceiver 3 Connect the transceiver to the Ethernet cable 4 Connect the female end of the drop cable to the transceiver ...

Page 29: ...Section Topic 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 Workstation Booting Instructions Terminal Booting Instructions The Startup Environment Boot Options 3 1 Workstation Booting Instructions To boot the default software shipped on the disk and run the flight simulator demonstration program follow these steps 1 Set the Power switch on the display monitor to On 2 Set configuration switches 1 through 9 on the cabinet back p...

Page 30: ...3 2 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE SERIES 3000 Version 1 0 Booting the IRIS Figure 3 1 IRIS Configuration Switches ...

Page 31: ...nter the correct date mmddhhmm yy ss 0721083089 33 7 The workstation prompts for a file system check Do you want to check filesystem consistency y or n If you answer yes the file systems are checked with the fsck program Only answer no if the system has been shut down with the reboot command as described in Section 4 1 Even then you are advised to run fsck occasionally See the Unix Programmer s Ma...

Page 32: ...lso describes the PROM monitor a command interpreter that controls the boot environment Table 3 2 shows the commands understood by the PROM monitor Table 3 3 shows the boot devices 3 2 Terminal Booting Instructions To boot the default software shipped on the disk and run the flight simulator demonstration program follow these steps 1 Set the Power switch on the display monitor to On 2 Set configur...

Page 33: ... XNS or IEEE 488 option Connect to what host TCP IP option Enter IRIS IP address If your IRIS has the IBM option enter to return from the t3279 menu to the shell The shell prompt appears 7 To use the flight simulator type demos flight 8 To leave the flight program press the ESC key To return to the terminal emulator program enter the exit command See Chapter 5 for more information on using the ter...

Page 34: ...9200 max 8k Hardware Configuration dsd0 at mbio 0x7f00 ipl1 qic0 slave 0 md0 Priam V170 Name IP 2 slave 1 md1 Priam V170 Name IP 2 slave 2 mf0 not installed st0 not installed nx0 FW2 6 HW 2 0 0800 1400 0120 at mbio 0x7ffc ipl2 fpa installed Root File System Device Name root on md0a Swap Space Device Name and Size swap on md0b 8865K Figure 3 2 Sample IRIS Boot Information 3 6 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE SER...

Page 35: ... file system check program fsck Do you want to check filesystem consistency y or n If you answer yes the file systems are checked with the fsck program Only answer no if the system has been shut down with the reboot command as described in Section 4 1 Even then you are advised to run fsck occasionally If fsck is run and finds no problems it displays one line for each test If fsck finds any problem...

Page 36: ...e PROM monitor provides the ls command a version of the Unix ls 1 command for displaying the names of the files on the attached devices You can specify a device name and a pathname in the ls command see Table 3 2 For example ls searches the root file system on the default device and lists its contents If you type ls without an argument the IRIS displays a list of files on the default device The IR...

Page 37: ...vice from which the IRIS is to be booted Switch 5 specifies whether the IRIS should perform an automatic boot or a PROM monitor boot Switch 6 determines whether or not system information is displayed on the screen after the IRIS is reset Switch 7 selects the display monitor type For an explanation of selecting a display type see Chapter 8 Video Options 3 4 1 PROM Monitor Boot The PROM monitor is a...

Page 38: ...has the setting CCCC 3 Set switch 5 to Closed 4 Set the Power switch on the cabinet front panel to On If the clock battery has run down the system displays this ominous message Power has been lost to the machine This message refers only to the clock however The IRIS displays the PROM monitor prompt iris If the prompt does not appear press the Reset button Wait 20 seconds for the disk to spin up to...

Page 39: ...sk drive 0 generic Disk drive 0 IRIS 3010 3020 Disk drive 0 IRIS 3030 Disk drive 1 generic Disk drive 1 IRIS 3010 3020 Disk drive 1 IRIS 3030 Cartridge tape drive 0 generic Cartridge tape drive IRIS 3020 3030 Cartridge tape drive IRIS 3030 Floppy disk 0 generic Floppy disk 0 IRIS 3020 3030 Floppy disk 0 IRIS 3030 Table 3 3 Boot Devices You can boot the IRIS from any attached device through the PRO...

Page 40: ...Ethernet To boot the IRIS over an XNS Ethernet use this command syntax xns hostname filename If the hostname is omitted the first host to recognize filename responds For example to boot the IRIS from the file usr local boot goboot on the host cruncher enter this command xns cruncher usr local boot goboot 3 4 2 Automatic Boot When configuration switch 5 is set for automatic boot the IRIS attempts t...

Page 41: ...S 3000 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE 3 13 Booting the IRIS NOTE It the power for the IRIS is already on press the Reset button Do not press the Reset button while the IRIS is running Unix without first using the etc reboot command ...

Page 42: ......

Page 43: ... kernels 4 4 Backups Making a bootable tape Making periodic backups Storing key Unix files on a second disk 4 5 Crash Recovery Recovering from a crash by using init booting from tape booting from the second disk 4 1 Basic Operation and Shutdown If you have not yet installed and booted the workstation see Chapters 2 and 3 For a description of the startup environment see Section 3 3 The IRIS worksta...

Page 44: ...e sure there are no other users on the system who 2 Become the super user su 3 Reboot the system reboot 4 Set the Power switches on the cabinet and monitor to Off 4 2 Unix Configuration One of the strengths of the Unix operating system is its flexibility The system administrator configures the workstation to the needs of the local user community and the users can fine tune their own environments T...

Page 45: ...he guest account is a sample user account with a C shell environment The demos and mexdemos accounts are for running demonstrations see Chapter 9 The accounts shipped on a new IRIS workstation have no passwords To establish passwords tor these accounts follow the procedure below See the passwd manual page for more information Typically each user on an IRIS workstation is given his or her own accou...

Page 46: ... group identification given to the user at login When the user logs in he or she has access to a pool of files shared by all users in that group The group number corresponds to the groups in the file etc group see group 4 The etc group file shipped on the workstation has group number 20 set to user this is a default group number to use for new users Leave the password field empty The system encryp...

Page 47: ...on parameters on a file or directory The example below sets protection codes to allow only the owner to create files in the directory All users may read the file and search the directory Protection parameters can be set only by the super user or by the owner of the file or directory chmod 755 usr people jose The chown 1 command changes the ownership of the directory The ownership of a directory ca...

Page 48: ...ber Group Members To add a user to a group append the user s name to the list of group members Separate group members with commas For example to add jose to the group vlsi append the name jose to the line for the group vlsi vlsi 21 steve jose 4 The new user should log in and use the passwd command to establish a password for the account Issue the exit command to return to a login shell if you are ...

Page 49: ... each time a shell is started If the shell is a login shell the C shell then reads the login file in the user s home directory If you choose the Bourne shell the user s home directory should contain the file profile The Bourne shell reads the profile file in the user s home directory when a login shell is started For more information on the C shell and the Bourne shell see csh 1 and sh 1 Each user...

Page 50: ...fault The system will now enter multi user mode each time it is rebooted For more information on the init process see init 1M and inittab 4 4 2 4 Unix Configuration Files The directories etc and usr lib contain the major system configuration files They can be edited by the system administrator as needed to serve the needs of the local user community etc bcheckrc This file contains commands to perf...

Page 51: ...t the start of multi user mode Typically it is used to start daemons and mount file systems See brc 1M etc rc fs This shell script mounts file systems on appropriate devices according to the model number of the workstation It is called by the program etc rc when multi user mode is entered etc sys_id This file contains the name of the system which is always IRIS on a new workstation See Section 4 2...

Page 52: ...a list of holidays It is used by the calendar 1 program usr lib Mail rc This file contains set commands used for initializing the mail system The next four files configure the Unix to Unix communication system UUCP Further information on UUCP can be found in the Unix Programmer s Manual Volume II usr lib uucp L devices This file sets the line speeds for the ports used by uucp 1C The file contains ...

Page 53: ... rfloppy ib 0 9 kmem m d 0 a h rmd0 a h md1 a h rmd1 a h mem mf0a rmf0a Paging device used for virtual memory Directory of TCP IP devices Optional floppy disk drive generic blocked device Optional floppy disk drive generic raw device IEEE 488 devices Kernel memory see mem 7 Disk zero partitions IRIS 3010 3020 block devices md0a contains the root file system md0c contains the user usr file system I...

Page 54: ... root file system si0c contains the user usr file system See efs 4 Disk zero partitions IRIS 3030 raw devices Optional disk partitions IRIS 3030 block devices Optional disk partitions IRIS 3030 raw devices Cartridge magnetic tape IRIS 3030 raw blocked device Cartridge magnetic tape IRIS 3030 raw blocked device and no rewind on open or close System console linked to dev console System console linke...

Page 55: ...e over an XNS Ethernet local area network the IRIS workstation uses three commands xcp Copies a file from one computer to another xx Runs a command on a remote host xlogin Initiates a login on a remote host xcp copies a file from one host to another The command line specifies both the source host and file first followed by the destination host and file xcp sourcehost pathname destinationhost pathn...

Page 56: ...and xx hostname uptime xlogin initiates a login on a remote host across the network The command takes the remote host name as an argument For example to log in remotely to a host with the name olympus enter this command xlogin olympus login For more information about the network software for the IRIS workstation see the manual pages for these commands in the Unix Programmer s Manual Volume IA 4 3 ...

Page 57: ...y oh4 doc install on a host named olympus rcp sting usr include stdio h test This example copies the file usr include stdio h from a remote machine sting to the file test on the local machine rcp puppy temp_vi sting temp_vi This example copies the file temp_vi from the remote machine named puppy to a file with the same name on a remote machine named sting in the user s home directory on each machi...

Page 58: ...kes the name of the host as an argument For example to log in remotely to a host named puppy enter this command telnet puppy The screen shows Trying connected to puppy Escape character is login To disconnect from the host first log out from the host Then exit the telnet program To do this type CTRL Typing CTRL gets the attention of the telnet program To the telnet prompt type quit For more informa...

Page 59: ... peter Password olympus peter 331 Password required for peter 230 User peter logged in After you ve logged in the ftp prompts appears ftp 2 Now you re ready to send and receive files using the commands below Each bulleted item shows both the command syntax and an example for that command To send a file to the remote host type a command using the following syntax send localfile remotefile For examp...

Page 60: ...ile and thatfile to the directory usr john filexfer type cd usr john filexfer mput thisfile thatfile The screen indicates that the files have been sent To transfer multiple files from the remote machine to the local machine into the current directory type mget localfile1 localfile2 For example to transfer the files localinclude and graph c type mget localinclude graph c The screen indicates that t...

Page 61: ...me sites switch between more than one kernel to have access to more than one communications option In such an environment it will be necessary to copy the kernel being used to vmunix and link it to defaultboot This is done as the last step before taking the system down with the old kernel to reboot it with the new choice The kernel 1M program takes care of these details The argument is the short n...

Page 62: ...and rebuild the disk in case the file system on the disk is damaged beyond use Make a bootable backup tape as soon as you install a new workstation Make a new bootable backup tape whenever you install a new software distribution or change the size of the swap partition on your disk To make a bootable backup tape follow these steps 1 Become the super user and reboot the system into single user mode...

Page 63: ...ow much of the file systems are used Use this information to determine the size of tape required to back up a file system CAUTION Do not use multiple tapes to copy a file system that is too large to fit onto one tape Inserting a second tape even when you are prompted to do so could cause a system crash If more than one tape is required back up subdirectories of the file system onto separate tapes ...

Page 64: ...en most user files will be stored in the directory usr people Each tar or cpio command generates a single output file which is written to tape To put several of these output files on one tape use the tape devices without rewind When these devices are used output files can be written one after another onto the tape the tape does not rewind to the beginning after each write but rather remains where ...

Page 65: ...y errors reported by fsck 3 Install a tape in the tape drive 4 Back up the root file system using one of these commands Using tar tar c rewind cartridge tape device tar c3 rewind half inch tape device Using cpio cpio oh1 rewind cartridge tape device cpio oh3 rewind half inch tape device 5 Mount the usr file system mount dev md0c usr 6 Change directories to usr cd usr 7 Install another tape in the ...

Page 66: ...tem with a tape drive must have a host name which is referred to in this description as hostA and must be in multi user mode To back up a disk onto a tape installed in a remote workstation follow the procedure for backing up a system with a local tape drive but use the command lines below for steps 4 and 8 Replace rmt1 with rmt2 rmt3 or rmt4 depending on your backup device see Table 4 1 4 Back up ...

Page 67: ...that contains the key Unix files The backslash in this command is typed only when immediately followed by a RETURN as is the case here find cshrc login profile vmunix bin etc dev print type f sort keyfiles The key Unix files consist of five files from the root directory all of the files in the dev directory and some of the files from the bin and etc directories 3 Edit keyfiles to remove any files ...

Page 68: ...he disk if the software is damaged See Appendix B for a list of system error messages and their probable causes Also see the crash 8 manual entry If the IRIS workstation stops running for some reason follow this recovery sequence 1 Try to reboot the workstation by entering the reboot command reboot 2 If the system does not respond wait one minute and press the Reset button The system should attemp...

Page 69: ... for virtual memory etc etc init etc inittab etc passwd Miscellaneous file directory Program that starts other user processes Table for init Table of user login names passwords and shells bin bin su bin sh bin csh Commands directory Used to set environment before execing shell Bourne shell C shell Table 4 4 Files Critical to Unix Operation The following subsections describe three procedures for di...

Page 70: ...led root The su program then starts a shell of the type specified in the file etc passwd for the account root The default shell is the C shell bin csh During this process the system does not boot correctly if it encounters any of these conditions 1 The etc passwd file is missing 2 The entry for root is missing or in error in the etc passwd file 3 Any other files critical to starting Unix are missi...

Page 71: ...mpts to extract whatever it can from tape hoping for a bootable kernel and reads it into a file called lastditch It then attempts to execute this file Whether or not init is able to recover the system you may want to rebuild the file system from a backup copy See the procedures below for recovering from a backup tape and recovering from a backup disk 4 5 3 Recovery by Booting from Tape If the root...

Page 72: ...ure to follow instructions could result in serious damage to your file system The mdfex or sifex initial screen and prompt appear SGI Formatter Exerciser Version x Date Drive 0 Name name Serial serial number IRIS 3020 mdfex x IRIS 3030 sifex x NOTE If an error message appears instead call your local System Engineer or the Geometry Hotline see Chapter 1 5 Instruct mdfex or sifex to create the root ...

Page 73: ...onse to the file system prompt File System a mdfex sifiex displays a message about the block sizes it will use for the copy When it is ready it displays the message Type go return to begin 8 Type go followed by RETURN The system displays these messages Copy started 1 2 3 4 Tape to Disk Copy complete IRIS 3020 mdfex x IRIS 3030 sifex x 9 Re enter the PROM monitor by entering the quit command q Conf...

Page 74: ...tape drive 11 Make a clean user file system IRIS 3020 mkfs dev rmd0c labelit dev rmd0c usr sgi IRIS 3030 mkfs dev rsi0f labelit dev rsi0f usr sgi 12 Mount the new usr file system and change to that directory IRIS 3020 mount dev md0c usr cd usr IRIS 3030 mount dev si0f usr cd usr 13 Rewind the tape position the tape to the third file on it and copy usr from the tape to the disk mt rewind mt fsf 2 c...

Page 75: ...isk to the first The procedure in this section assumes that the key Unix files have been stored on the second disk using the procedure in Section 4 4 3 To boot from the second disk follow these steps 1 Set configuration switches 1 through 5 for booting from the PROM monitor see Table 3 1 2 Reset the workstation by pressing Reset button The IRIS displays the PROM monitor prompt iris 3 Boot the file...

Page 76: ...ng cpio 1 cd cpio pdaumv root keyfiles 8 Shut down the system with the reboot command Try to boot Unix from the first drive If this is successful recreate the file system on the b partition of the second disk This is required because it was used as the swap partition while vmunix1 was running IRIS 3020 mkfs dev md1b labelit dev rmd1b tmp sgi IRIS 3030 mkfs dev si1b labelit dev rsi1b tmp sgi If pro...

Page 77: ...tion 5 3 5 Miscellaneous Unix Configuration 5 1 Host Software Installation This section contains instructions for installing the host resident IRIS 3010 support software in a VAX Unix 4 2BSD environment For an IRIS workstation System V environment install the software according to Section 4 of Installing Software Updates The entry name for the workstation host resident software is host Instruction...

Page 78: ...termcap to the terminal description data base in etc termcap 6 Change directories to usr iris c cd usr iris c 7 Compile the C language remote host Graphics Library librgl2 a the IRIS 3010 configuration tools and the demonstration programs using the usr iris c makefile make all 8 To install the library in usr lib execute make install 9 If a FORTRAN language remote host Graphics Library libfrgl2 a i...

Page 79: ...S 3010 runs a different terminal emulator t3279 1 Its user interface is completely different from that described below 5 2 1 Connecting to the Host This section describes the terminal emulator interface used for connecting to the host See Section 3 2 for the procedures for booting the terminal emulator program See Section 5 3 2 for the procedure for configuring the terminal emulator program for th...

Page 80: ...consisting of four numbers separated by periods n n n n are accepted To convert a two field Internet address to the correct format insert two fields of zeros in the middle of the address For example if the representation of a host name in the etc hosts table on a 4 2BSD Unix system is 42 2 enter the address as 42 0 0 2 The IRIS establishes a connection with the host which should display its usual ...

Page 81: ...ue of the d n debugging option see Section 5 3 2 D1 interactively turns logging on and off When you turn logging on log output is appended to the current log file If n is 3 the new logfile name consists of all characters following the 3 until terminated by a RETURN If logging is on the current log file is closed and the newly named one is opened Subsequent log output is appended to it If you speci...

Page 82: ...3 2 Currently the only valid value for n is 1 The escape character can be changed from with the e option specified in the wsiris configuration file see Section 5 3 2 If e none is specified there is no escape character and none of the above interpretations occur In this case if the window manager is not running there is no way to force wsiris to exit If the remote program queues the keyboard all ke...

Page 83: ...xit 5 2 4 Shutting Down the IRIS Terminal To shut down an IRIS 3010 running wsiris 1 Issue the DEL command 2 Set the Power switch on the front of the cabinet to the Off position 5 2 5 Boot Failure Recovery If a critical file on the IRIS 3010 disk becomes corrupted the boot procedure fails and the terminal emulator does not run If this happens use the procedure in this section to restore the file s...

Page 84: ...minal to the IRIS see Section 7 1 5 3 Software Configuration The IRIS 3010 software is based on the same System V Unix kernel used on the IRIS 3020 and 3030 IRIS 3010 users do not necessarily interact with Unix however because the terminal emulator program running on top of Unix provides an interface almost identical to the interface on IRIS terminals The terminal emulator interface is described i...

Page 85: ...ble when you are logged on to the remote host from the IRIS 3010 These commands are run from the host while the IRIS 3010 is running wsiris File Transfer Program The iftp program transfers files between the host and the IRIS 3010 The command takes three arguments iftp mode hostfile 3010file Mode can have one of three values w Write hostfile to 3010file A temporary file on the IRIS 3010 is written ...

Page 86: ...onfiguring the Startup Environment You can configure the startup environment on the IRIS 3010 in these ways 1 Custom configuring the terminal emulator program wsiris 2 Causing the window manager to start automatically during bootstrap 3 Installing your own startup program The next three sections describe these procedures Terminal Emulator Configuration The terminal emulator program wsiris is custo...

Page 87: ...the default to c Lines beginning with the escape character can be commands to wsiris If c is none there will be no escape character h Use half duplex serial communications The default is full duplex i Try the TCP IP communication protocol first When using Ethernet communications in the absence of the i option the system first at tempts a connection to hostname using XNS protocols If that fails a c...

Page 88: ...dependent sources of these characters y If using serial communications interpret xon and xoff characters from the remote host as output flow control commands By default they are treated as ordinary data You must not give this flag if you are using eight bit fast mode communications z n Special instructions Multiple z options can be given The legal values for n are 1 Interpret ginit commands as gbe...

Page 89: ... use the boot failure recovery procedure described in Section 5 2 5 Window Manager Configuration The IRIS 3010 can be configured to start the window manager mex automatically The window manager options are controlled through the file mexrc The IRIS User s Guide contains a description of what mex expects to find in this file The default configuration file on the IRIS 3010 is different from the one ...

Page 90: ...se of boot failure Before copying these files make sure that the IRIS boots and correctly runs your startup program The IRIS 3010 disk contains a script etc rootcopy that copies the entire root partition to the backup partition Run rootcopy specifying the argument ok rootcopy ok 5 3 3 XNS Configuration Operation of the IRIS 3010 using XNS requires no configuration The IRIS does not need a hostname...

Page 91: ...10 the terminal emulator always prompts for the Internet addresses of the IRIS and the host Once the terminal emulator knows the local address it prompts only for the host address The terminal emulator can be configured to initiate a connection with a single host automatically each time it is started up This procedure is documented in Section 5 2 1 If the IRIS 3010 disk contains an invalid etc hos...

Page 92: ...tic Date Setting By default the IRIS 3010 prompts the user to check the date each time it is booted If an executable file etc rc getdate is found the user is not prompted and the result of its execution is used in place of what the user would have typed to the prompt Enter the correct date mmddhhmm yy ss A sample version of this file named rc getdate is included in the host distribution It is a sh...

Page 93: ...and of disk you have on your workstation issue the sgilabel command IRIS 3010 3020 sgilabel md0 IRIS 3030 sgilabel si0 A first disk is disk zero a second disk is disk 1 Disks are divided into a number of partitions depending on the brand and size the partitions are labeled with lower case letters a through g The two formatter exerciser programs mdfex and sifex correspond to the two types of disk m...

Page 94: ...s a combination of the c and d partitions Table 6 2 contains estimates of the disk storage requirements for Unix software the IRIS Graphics Library and options that are available for the IRIS These estimates fluctuate slightly from one release to the next as new utilities and other software are added to the system IRIS Model Disk Drive Mb Cyl Partitions Cylinders Mb IRIS 3010 Tandon 0348 md0a md0b...

Page 95: ...ich contains the root file system the swap partition which is used by Unix for paging and the user partition which contains the usr file system On an IRIS 3020 the root partition is device md0a the swap partition is md0b and the user partition is md0c On an IRIS 3030 the root partition is device si0a the swap partition is si0b and the user partition is si0f The size of the swap partition determine...

Page 96: ...re describes a specific although arbitrarily chosen change an increase of 100 cylinders 1 Log in as root login root 2 Back up the usr file system and make sure you have a bootable backup tape in case the root file system is unintentionally corrupted see Section 4 4 3 Reboot the workstation reboot 4 Boot the disk formatter program b stand mdfex CAUTION You must follow all instructions exactly when ...

Page 97: ...b base 151 size 149 249 c base 300 400 size 586 486 Maxtor b base 151 size 149 249 c base 300 400 size 670 570 8 Continue to press RETURN until the workstation displays the Set prompt 9 Enter q twice to quit both the set function and mdfex The workstation displays the mdfex prompt and the message Quit Label on drive 0 needs updating do it 10 Confirm your intention to update the drive label by ente...

Page 98: ...r umount dev md0c 18 Check the file system fsck dev rmd0c 19 Make a new bootable backup tape see Section 4 4 1 20 Begin multi user mode multi 6 2 2 Changing the Swap Partition Size on an IRIS 3030 To change the size of the swap partition on an IRIS 3030 follow the steps below For simplicity the procedure describes a specific although arbitrarily chosen change an increase of 100 cylinders 1 Log in ...

Page 99: ...letter s then l to display the drive label on your screen 6 Press RETURN The entry below appears a base 1 size 56 This entry indicates that partition si0a begins at cylinder 1 and has a size of 56 cylinders Partition si0a is the root partition and does not change Press RETURN 7 To add 100 cylinders to the swap partition subtract 100 cylinders from the usr partition partition f Type the revised ent...

Page 100: ...quit sifex and return to the PROM monitor The PROM monitor prompt appears 12 Boot the system in single user mode b 13 Make the new smaller user file system mkfs dev rsi0f 14 Name the file system and give it a volume name with the labelit command labelit dev rsi0f usr sgi 15 Mount the usr file system mount dev si0f usr 16 Restore the usr files from tape cd usr tar xv or cpio ihmud1v 17 Unmount usr ...

Page 101: ...s IRIS 3030 si1a si1b si1f copy of key files and user files tmp user files Table 6 3 Two Ways to Configure a Second Disk If you want as much space as possible for an extra file system it is best to configure the second disk as one large file system On the other hand if you would like to keep a copy of the key Unix files on your second disk it is better to configure the second disk as several file ...

Page 102: ...n the table below The names must be six characters or less The procedure below uses the names n1 and n2 System Partition File System Name IRIS 3020 md1a md1b md1c n1 tmp n2 IRIS 3030 si1a si1b si1f n1 tmp n2 Note that tmp already exists and will be mounted on the b partition cd mkdir n1 n2 3 Make the new file systems IRIS 3020 mkfs dev rmd1a mkfs dev rmd1b mkfs dev rmd1c IRIS 3030 mkfs dev rsi1a m...

Page 103: ...1 c mount dev md1b tmp echo tmp c mount dev md1c n2 echo n2 c IRIS 3030 mount dev si1a n1 echo n1 c mount dev si1b tmp echo tmp c mount dev si1f n2 echo n2 c These lines automatically mount the file systems on the second disk each time multi user mode is started 6 etc checklist is the default list of file systems to be checked by fsck Edit etc checklist and add the new file systems IRIS 3020 dev r...

Page 104: ...system to be mounted on md1g for an IRIS 3020 or si1g for an IRIS 3030 Its name must be six characters or less In this procedure the name n is used cd mkdir n 3 Make the user file system IRIS 3020 mkfs dev rmd1g IRIS 3030 mkfs dev rsi1g 4 Edit etc rc fs to contain the following lines IRIS 3020 mount dev md1g n echo n c IRIS 3030 mount dev si1g n echo n c This line automatically mounts the new file...

Page 105: ...k on an IRIS 3010 Creating and using a backup floppy set 6 3 1 Changing the Swap Partition Size on an IRIS Terminal The disk on the IRIS 3010 is divided into three partitions the root partition which contains the file system the swap partition which is used by the kernel for paging and the backup partition which is a copy of the root partition The root partition is device md0a the swap partition i...

Page 106: ...can make it larger If your IRIS 3010 uses less virtual memory than is currently available you can create more storage room on the disk by reducing the size of the swap partition The backup partition is an exact copy of the root partition To keep the two partitions the same size divide the space reclaimed from the swap partition equally between the root and backup partitions To change the sizes of ...

Page 107: ... damage to your file system The system displays the mdfex opening screen and prompt 10 Type s The system displays the set prompt Set Respond with the letter l to set the disk s label Press RETURN The system displays the size of the root partition partition a a base 1 size 123 The numbers in parentheses are the current values The size is expressed in cylinders each cylinder is 34Kb Before pressing ...

Page 108: ...on and mdfex The workstation displays the mdfex prompt and the message Quit Label on drive 0 needs updating do it Confirm your intention to update the drive label by entering y The workstation displays the message confirm quit with y Type y to confirm your intention to quit mdfex and return to the PROM monitor The PROM monitor prompt appears 11 Boot the recover program create a filesystem on the n...

Page 109: ...et of floppies for backup and using them to build a file system on the hard disk The two procedures below describe how to create the floppies and how to build the disk from them The floppy set is to be used only in extraordinary circumstances There is no need for the typical user to create the floppy set as the backup partition on the disk can be used if there is problem with the file system Creat...

Page 110: ...ge Type go return to start 4 To set the label enter the letters s then l The system prompts for the name serial number and type of drive Type 3010 after the Name prompt Press RETURN to continue to the next item The serial number is shown on the hard disk drive Enter the type of drive after the prompt Type 21 the number corresponding to Tandon TM262 Continue to press the RETURN key until the Set pr...

Page 111: ...puxfer md0a 10 Shut down the system and boot defaultboot off the hard disk etc reboot b The system prompts for run level Answer s 11 Move a few files bin mv bin tar bin sh etc init tmp 12 Insert the first of the six tar floppies Read the complete system onto the disk cd tmp tar xvfb dev rfloppy 80 Insert the subsequent floppies as the system prompts for additional tapes Insert the floppies in orde...

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Page 113: ...s the possible combinations of primary and secondary video options Primary Video Secondary Video 60 Hz Non interlaced 60 Hz Non interlaced 60 Hz Non interlaced 33 Hz Interlaced 33 Hz Interlaced 33 Hz Interlaced 33 Hz Interlaced RS 170A European Video Standard 60 Hz Non interlaced RS 170A European Video Standard Table 8 1 Primary and Secondary Video Options NOTE The RS 170A and European video stand...

Page 114: ...0279 This stability is adequate tor most applications but not for broadcasting For broadcast applications use either the genlockable RS 170A option or a timebase corrector The IRIS RGBS output can be encoded into an NTSC signal with a stand alone NTSC color encoder or an NTSC color encoder connected to a sync generator genlocked to the IRIS sync output This NTSC signal can be connected to video ta...

Page 115: ...ckable European Video Standard options are identical The IRIS must be operating in its supported low resolution mode RS 170A or European Video Standard to genlock Genlock provides for vertical and horizontal alignment of the IRIS RGB and Sync outputs to an external composite sync reference input presented to the Genlock Input on the auxiliary I O panel see Figure 7 1 This input is a loop through c...

Page 116: ... Table 3 2 for a list of PROM monitor commands Instead of booting using the PROM monitor the secondary display can be selected using the setmonitor command see below NOTE Although it can be used as the secondary display the RS 170A monitor option cannot be used as the boot display 8 3 Using the Graphics Library with the Video Options The setmonitor command in the IRIS Graphics Library specifies th...

Page 117: ...ordinates on low resolution monitors To establish a one to one mapping of graphics coordinates to screen coordinates use parallel ranges in the two commands NTSC monitor ortho2 0 5 635 5 0 5 484 5 PAL monitor ortho2 0 5 779 5 0 5 574 5 If the graphics programs are run on a low resolution monitor with the default viewport specifications only the lower left portion of the image will be visible on th...

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Page 119: ...ories usr people demos and usr people mexdemos The directory mexdemos contains demonstration programs that run with the window manager while the programs in demos do not work correctly if the window manager is running 9 1 1 Running Demonstration Programs 1 Boot the workstation in multi user mode 2 Log in to the workstation as demos or mexdemos IRIS login demos IRIS login mexdemos 3 If you are runn...

Page 120: ...his information is located in the IRIS User s Guide Version 2 1 in the section called The Default User Interface to the Window Manager Pay special attention to the subsection called Creating new textports and selecting textports for input which tells how to select a window for interaction attach to a window and exit a window 9 1 3 Window Manager Demonstration Programs The demonstration programs de...

Page 121: ...map to build the default color map for the demonstration package To see the effect of changing the color map using demomakemap run showmap in a separate window At any time during the demonstration session the original color map can be restored by executing demomakemap demomakemap also works in conjunction with the gamma program demomakemap reads the value from the file gamma in your home directory...

Page 122: ...serve the effects on the object and the brightness and smoothness of the color ramps in the showmap and showramp windows demomakemap does not open a window 3 Repeat the experiment with a different gamma value gamma 3 0 demomakemap Remember that the value you select for gamma is saved until you change it cedit is an interactive color editor in a graphics window To use cedit 1 Bring up the cedit win...

Page 123: ... color and again press the LEFTMOUSE button The colors appear as two large squares in the interp window If you make a mistake while choosing extreme colors for example the cursor is over an incorrect color index then continue picking colors with the LEFTMOUSE button until both extreme colors are visible in the interp window 4 Press MIDDLEMOUSE the system interpolates between the colors you have ch...

Page 124: ...u hold down MIDDLEMOUSE To select or de select an entry position the cursor on the entry and press and release LEFTMOUSE Two menus appear The left column of menu entries independently turns off and on each of the five parts of the molecule The right column of menu entries controls the transformations of the molecule The menu entries in the right column are graphical icons A LEFTMOUSE press changes...

Page 125: ...for input The surface editor has two parts The upper part of the display is the wireframe surface and the control points that define it The bottom of the window is a menu of seven screen iconic buttons The simplest use of the surface editor allows one to edit the displayed surface by manipulating its basis points To do this 1 Move the cursor now shaped like the mouse clear of the window 2 Press th...

Page 126: ...lexity of the model and therefore slow it down 9 Use the two rightmost screen buttons to make more modifications to the surface The fifth screen button is unused Each of the two rightmost buttons the cubes with slices down the middle selects a plane of symmetry in a different axis across the surface When a plane is chosen by pressing a mouse button as the cursor lies over one of the iconic buttons...

Page 127: ...ose hidden surface removal 5 Type c to select a new color ramp to smooth shade all objects on the screen Another way to change the surface color is to bring up the cedit showmap and interp graphics windows and use them to alter the color ramp that shades the surface The rendering program can also be executed directly without going through the surface editor stage to modify the database To do this ...

Page 128: ...ples are discussed in the Programming Examples section of the IRIS User s Guide Some of the window manager tools are documented in the Unix Programmer s Manual Volume IA Manual pages for window manager commands are labeled 1W To determine what is currently available in usr people gifts 1 Change your working directory to the directory containing the programs cd usr people gifts 2 Display a listing ...

Page 129: ...th these hardware options Dial and button box Nineteen inch 33 Hz interlaced monitor Digitizer tablet Tektronix 4692 printer Half inch tape drive Quarter inch cartridge tape drive Stereo optic viewer cable Floppy disk standard on IRIS terminal Early IRIS series 2000 models with the Turbo upgrade may not have the same standard peripherals described here The 60 Hz monitor may be different from the o...

Page 130: ...e from Silicon Graphics are high resolution 60 Hz non interlaced or 33 Hz interlaced A single system can support two video options The video display configuration for each system is specified when the system is ordered A 2 1 60 Hz Non interlaced Monitors The 60 Hz non interlaced monitors have a monitor control panel on the lower right front On the back of the monitors are several ports for receivi...

Page 131: ...The monitor control panel on this monitor is shown in Figure 2 8 The recessed dial labeled Brightness adjusts the DC levels of the red green and blue signals equally Turning this knob clockwise increases the monitor s brightness The recessed dial labeled Contrast adjusts the AC gain levels of the red green and blue signals Turning this dial clockwise increases the monitor s contrast The button lab...

Page 132: ...Figure A 1 The four 75 Ω terminators attached to the monitor by chains control the impedance of the video signals When a single monitor is used the terminators plug into the unused BNC sockets When more than one monitor is used in a daisy chain the terminators are removed from the sockets on all but the last monitor Fifteen inch Monitor 60 Hz Non interlaced Either of the two BNC sockets labeled Sy...

Page 133: ...re not used Either of the two BNC sockets labeled R G and B receives the red green or blue video signal from the cabinet The circuit protector is either a 5 amp fuse 100 125 VAC or a 2 amp fuse 200 240 VAC The 120 240 volt power receptacle connects to the power cable The 25 pin plug connects the control cable from the cabinet to the monitor The four impedance switches control the impedance of the ...

Page 134: ...A 6 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE SERIES 3000 Version 1 0 Appendix A Figure A 1 Monitor Back Panel for Nineteen inch 60 Hz Monitor ...

Page 135: ...Version 1 0 SERIES 3000 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE A 7 Appendix A Figure A 2 Monitor Back Panel for Fifteen inch 60 Hz Monitor ...

Page 136: ...A 8 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE SERIES 3000 Version 1 0 Appendix A Figure A 3 Monitor Back Panel for 33 Hz Interlaced Monitor ...

Page 137: ... on the IRIS Quarter inch Cartridge Tape Drive The cartridge tape drive is located on the front upper left of the cabinet See Chapter 7 Optional Peripherals for information on using the tape drive Half inch Tape Drive The half inch tape drive is housed in an enclosure that is separate from the electronics cabinet A 3 3 Standard I O Panel The standard I O panel is located on the upper right rear of...

Page 138: ...be used See the discussion on Crash Recovery in Chapter 4 The LED labeled Halt lights when the processor is in a halt state The alphanumeric diagnostic LED labeled Status indicates system status and displays startup diagnostics The nine element DIP switch labeled Configuration controls the IRIS startup diagnostics and the boot environment A 3 4 Cabinet Power Panel The cabinet power panel has a pow...

Page 139: ...Version 1 0 SERIES 3000 IRIS OWNER S GUIDE A 11 Appendix A Figure A 4 IRIS Cabinet Back Panel ...

Page 140: ...fteen inch 30 width 30 depth 22 width 22 depth Cabinet space 24 width 33 depth 33 height System Power Requirement single phase line neutral ground 115 VAC Configuration Operating Range 220 VAC Configuration Operating Range 93 132 V AC 47 63 Hz 186 264 V AC 47 63 Hz System Power Consumption Cabinet 1250 VA 1000 W Nineteen inch 60 Hz Monitor 225 VA 150 W Fifteen inch Monitor 185 VA 100 W Nineteen in...

Page 141: ...ve tape drive any type quarter inch cartridge tape IRIS 3010 3020 hard disk drive floppy disk drive tape small disk and floppy disk controller Ethernet Table B 1 Device Abbreviations If the panic message does not indicate one of the devices listed in Table B 1 there may be a hardware problem with another part of the system processor board memory board or backplane for example or a software problem...

Page 142: ...Disk Controller Messages A The following messages result from a bad disk controller md 0 1 a h couldn t start dsd zero status on command dsd ccb timeout command dev 0 unit 0 1 dsd ccb timeout during init dsd cib timeout command dev 0 unit 0 1 B This message indicates that no label is installed on the disk No label C The following error probably results from a bad connection from the disk to the co...

Page 143: ...repeatedly contact Customer Service through the Geometry Hotline see Chapter 1 soft error error on block NN B 1 3 Tape Drive Messages A The following are general messages for the tape drive qic0 no cartridge in drive Cartridge isn t inserted properly qic0 unit not ready qic0 write protected Dial on the cartridge needs to be twisted to enable writing on the tape B The following error message indica...

Page 144: ...e following message occurs while the system is booting This message indicates that the system attempted to configure a disk drive with no entry in the bdevsw array the array of block devices The system was incorrectly configured getmajor C The following messages indicate that there is a problem with the buffer cache inode tables devtab no fs no imt D The following message indicates that the init p...

Page 145: ...nel bus error ksyscall G The following messages are related to graphics consistency checks duplicate gr_getshmem gr_unlockmem H The following messages indicate problems occurring while trying to swap some portion of a user process to disk IO err in push hard IO err in swap I The following message occurs during the autoconfiguration process if no disk was found that supports a swap area no swap dev...

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