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Fluke Biomedical Victoreen NERO mAx 8000, User Manual

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Fluke Biomedical Victoreen NERO mAx 8000 User Manual Download Page 85

B

Appendix

mA Limits vs. kV 

 

 

 

 

B-1

Appendix B 

mA Limits vs. kV 

 
B.1 mA Limits vs. kV 

 

mA Limits vs. kV at 26" SDD, 1.2 mm Al Inherent Filtration  -  Low Sensitivity:  

W/Al, 30 - 60 kV Filter 

Low Sensitivity

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1

2

3

4

kV

mA

30

40

50

60

 

mA Limits vs. kV at 26" SDD, 1.2mm Al Inherent Filtration  -  High Sensitivity:  

W/Al, 30 - 60 kV Filter 

High Sensitivity

0

200

400

600

1

2

3

4

kV

mA

30

40

50

60

Summary of Contents for Victoreen NERO mAx 8000

Page 1: ...Victoreen 8000 NERO mAx Users Manual December 2006 Manual No 8000 100 1 Rev 9 2006 Fluke Corporation All rights reserved Printed in U S A All product names are trademarks of their respective companies...

Page 2: ...Fluke Biomedical Radiation Management Services 6045 Cochran Road Cleveland Ohio 44139 440 498 2564 www flukebiomedical com rms...

Page 3: ...torage 1 8 Section 2 Operation 2 1 2 1 Description 2 1 2 2 General 2 1 2 3 Using the NERO mAx 2 5 2 3 1 LCD Backlight Control 2 6 2 3 2 Measured Quantities 2 7 2 4 Quick Start 2 9 2 5 Modes of Operati...

Page 4: ...tal with Filament Preheat 4 16 Section 5 Maintenance 5 1 5 1 Fuse Replacement 5 1 5 2 Battery Replacement 5 1 5 3 Routine Cleaning 5 2 Appendix A Temperature and Pressure A 1 A 1 Temperature and Press...

Page 5: ...the right of the display The NERO mAx consists of the NERO mAx control console detector detector cable filter slides AC adapter HVL plates manual Microsoft Excel Add in and carrying case The NERO mAx...

Page 6: ...Solid state detectors are used to measure kV An ion chamber located in the top of the detector is used for exposure rate measurements In addition connectors for an external ion chamber are provided on...

Page 7: ...the control console unit detector and filter cards are calibrated together they must be used together for accurate measurements 1 2 New Features of Firmware Release 2 3 This release adds several new...

Page 8: ...ds for all exposures Time Measured during entire exposure at 90 rise fall of waveform Accuracy 1 ms Range 1 ms to 60 sec Exposure Exposure Rate Measured during entire exposure kVp corrected Accuracy 5...

Page 9: ...sure is made while in any measurement mode In addition the NERO mAx exits from any measurement mode after five minutes of no activity Pressing the ENTER key restores the NERO mAx to its previous measu...

Page 10: ...column 2 to turn automatic printing to ON Now whenever a measurement is made all of the measured results that are displayed on the NERO mAx s screen will also be sent to the printer If the printer is...

Page 11: ...of this equipment No other procedures are warranted by Fluke Biomedical It shall be the owner s or user s responsibility to see to it that the procedures described here are meticulously followed and...

Page 12: ...pt of the package 1 Inspect the carton s and contents for damage If damage is evident file a claim with the carrier and notify Fluke Biomedical at 440 248 9300 2 Remove the contents from the packing m...

Page 13: ...ilter slides and a connector for mAs leads The NERO mAx filter cards contain the various filters needed to accurately measure kilovoltage Each filter card is coded so that the NERO mAx knows which fil...

Page 14: ...hould be aligned with the x ray tube axis for the most accurate measurements This minimizes any heel effect Radiographic Install the W Al filter slide in the detector and set the filter slide to the d...

Page 15: ...detector Line up the front edge of the square alignment mark on the top of the detector with the front edge toward the chest wall of the collimated x ray beam Fluoroscopy Install the W Al filter slid...

Page 16: ...d to each other via a 25 foot cable The NERO mAx power should be turned off when connecting the detector to the control console connecting an external ion chamber to the detector or connecting the mAs...

Page 17: ...nd the NERO mAx should be turned off prior to connection The NERO mAx uses a standard IBM PC printer cable For more information on printing with the NERO mAx see Section 1 5 Printing AC Adapter The AC...

Page 18: ...n options or to increment and decrement numeric values The ENTER button to the right of the display is used to initiate data acquisition and measurement with options that have been selected It also is...

Page 19: ...ncludes peaks that are above the selected kV in its kVp average calculation When ZERO or 1 PULSE are selected the NERO mAx includes all detected peaks in the kVp average calculation The NERO mAx calcu...

Page 20: ...the integrated charge by the sample period and applying the proper conversion factor s In the Pulsed Fluoro and AMSE modes the NERO mAx calculates exposure per pulse or frame by sampling the integrate...

Page 21: ...ce Place the detector on the x ray table at approximately 26 SDD Make sure that the top of the detector is facing the x ray tube and the detector is aligned with the x ray tube axis Plug the AC adapte...

Page 22: ...Y 10 UNIT ID The NERO mAx s mode of operation is controlled from the main screen When the menu cursor blinking reverse video is moved to a mode selection by pressing the mode key or using the up and d...

Page 23: ...mode is used to make exposure and rate measurements using the NERO mAx s internal ion chamber or an external ion chamber The exposure is calculated using the selected ion chamber s stored calibration...

Page 24: ...ally low sensitivity should be used however if the NERO mAx does not respond to an exposure switch to high sensitivity Select the proper kV for the type of generator being tested generally ZERO or 1 P...

Page 25: ...MODE kV SENS DELAY Please wait while the Model 8000 prepares to take an exposure Note that the selected filter kV range is displayed The kV filter range may be changed at any time without exiting fro...

Page 26: ...election screen As a power saving feature the Model 8000 s display backlight turns off after one minute of no activity The backlight turns back on when any button is pressed or an exposure is made In...

Page 27: ...ive Radiation A negative delay is used to skip over filament preheat pulses Exposure time measured with a negative delay An example showing this use of a measurement delay can also be found in trouble...

Page 28: ...during the delay time The polarity of the delay has no effect on pulse counting for example the number of pulses counted with a 10 millisecond delay is the same as the number counted with a 10 millise...

Page 29: ...nformation see Using a Measurement Delay When calculating kVp average the NERO mAx only includes peaks that are above the selected kV in the kVp average calculation When ZERO or 1 PULSE are selected t...

Page 30: ...from one exposure to the next and can only be reset to zero by the user Please wait FILTER 22 35 MAMMO HIGH MOLY Mo 30 0 ms MODE SENS TARGET FILTER DELAY Please wait while the NERO mAx prepares to ta...

Page 31: ...vity The backlight turns back on when any button is pressed or an exposure is made In addition after five minutes of no activity the NERO mAx exits from any measurement mode and returns to the mode se...

Page 32: ...more information on positioning the NERO mAx detector see section Positioning the Detector For mA limits vs kV refer to Appendix B WARNING Extreme caution should be used when making connections to the...

Page 33: ...A FLUORO CONT HIGH TURN OFF MODE TYPE SENS BEAM After kV data is acquired the NERO mAx prompts to turn off the beam 4 49 R min 4 1 mA FLUORO CONT HIGH ANALYZE MODE TYPE SENS DATA After the beam is tur...

Page 34: ...NERO mAx calculates the fluoro kVp and applies an exposure correction factor based upon the calculated kVp As a power saving feature the NERO mAx s display backlight turns off after one minute of no a...

Page 35: ...and Charging and turn the instrument on EXP CT EXP AMSE FLUORO MAMMO PULSED LOW RADIO CONT HIGH MODE TYPE SENS Select fluoro mode pulsed generator type and sensitivity then press enter Please wait FI...

Page 36: ...318 R pulse 0 mAs pulse 0 28 R min FLUORO PULSED LOW ANALYZE MODE TYPE SENS DATA After the beam is turned off the NERO mAx analyzes the fluoro exposure kV data 318 R pulse 0 mAs pulse 0 28 R min FLUOR...

Page 37: ...he backlight turns back on when any button is pressed or an exposure is made In addition after five minutes of no activity the NERO mAx exits from any measurement mode and returns to the mode selectio...

Page 38: ...needed see Section 1 4 Battery Operation and Charging and turn the instrument on EXP CT EXP AMSE FLUORO MAMMO LOW RADIO HIGH MODE SENS Select AMSE mode and sensitivity then press enter Please wait FI...

Page 39: ...ODE SENS DATA After the beam is turned off the NERO mAx analyzes the fluoro exposure kV data 65 6 kVp Avg 57 msec frame 65 0 kV Eff 250 9 mR frame 67 2 kV Peak 45 6 mAs frame AMSE LOW Please MODE SENS...

Page 40: ...or an exposure is made In addition after five minutes of no activity the NERO mAx exits from any measurement mode and returns to the mode selection screen 2 5 5CT Exposure Mode CT Exposure mode is use...

Page 41: ...h as a high offset an error message is displayed and the user must correct the error to continue see Section 4 3 Error Messages for more information 0 00 R CT EXP HIGH 10 mm MODE SENS BEAM RESET When...

Page 42: ...e user to adjust the calibration of the internal ion chamber The default for this calibration factor is 1 00 E 00 For more information about entry and storage of ion chamber calibration factors see CA...

Page 43: ...EG HIGH MODE CHAMBER MODE SENS RESET After the exposure ends the measured exposure is displayed If an overrange occurs an error message will be displayed see Section 4 3 Error Messages for more inform...

Page 44: ...d using the ion chamber s 80 kV calibration factors In measurement modes where kV is measured exposure and rate are calculated using calibration factors based upon the measured kV In the HVL mode no k...

Page 45: ...n the reproducibility of the x ray parameters geometry errors and calculation errors caused by the approximation of the natural log of the normalized exposure data to the actual attenuation curve This...

Page 46: ...RO mAx detector Position the ion chamber as needed If using the NERO mAx s internal ion chamber position the NERO mAx detector as needed WARNING An electric shock hazard exists between the ion chamber...

Page 47: ...TEG HIGH MODE CHAMBER MODE SENS REJECT The exposure data from the first exposure is displayed and the NERO mAx prepares to take the second exposure Please wait while the NERO mAx prepares to take the...

Page 48: ...played while the NERO mAx prepares for the next exposure If the NERO mAx displays LOW above the calculated HVL the average of the added filtration is more than 10 less than the calculated HVL and more...

Page 49: ...ted plug the printer cable into the printer port at the rear of the NERO mAx then plug the other end of the printer cable into the printer and turn the printer on see Section 1 5 Printing Plug the AC...

Page 50: ...ENS REJECT While the exposure rate from the first exposure is displayed the NERO mAx prepares to take the second exposure Please wait while the NERO mAx prepares to take the next exposure If the NERO...

Page 51: ...d press the ENTER key If a filter thickness is repeated the NERO mAx will ask for confirmation that the latest exposure data is to be accepted Pressing the enter key accepts the HVL exposure data afte...

Page 52: ...d of the detector cable into the NERO mAx s detector connector No filter card is required for exposure or rate measurements Plug the CT chamber s BNC connector into the ion chamber signal input at the...

Page 53: ...osure 0 0 R MAKE EXPOSURE 01 HVL CT HIGH 10 mm MODE CHAMBER SENS BEAM Make the x ray exposure with no filtration in the beam 6 71 R Please Wait HVL CT HIGH 10 mm MODE CHAMBER SENS BEAM REJECT While th...

Page 54: ...VL CT HIGH 10 mm MODE CHAMBER SENS BEAM The HVL is calculated and displayed after the new exposure data has been entered and a Please wait message is displayed while the NERO mAx prepares for the next...

Page 55: ...ibration factor that is to be changed value exponent R Gy and use the up and down arrow keys to increment and decrement the selected number Holding down the up or down arrow keys continuously incremen...

Page 56: ...and a highlight reverse video will extend across the other 3 display fields The hours minutes and seconds keys select and increment hours minutes or seconds Holding down any of these keys hours mins s...

Page 57: ...Temperature and Pressure for additional information To Select Exposure Units R or Gy SETUP CLOCK OFF CAL PRINT OFF HVL UNITS R EXP AIR 20 5 C 734 mmHg CT EXP DATE Oct 10 1996 AMSE TIME 10 30 45 MODE...

Page 58: ...o reverse video or off The clock display mode may also be toggled changed with the up or down keys SETUP CLOCK NORMAL Oct 10 1996 CAL PRINT ON 10 30 45 HVL UNITS R EXP AIR 20 5 C 734 mmHg CT EXP DATE...

Page 59: ...with reference to a calibrated current source Equipment used to calibrate the current source is calibrated on a routine basis and the calibrations are N I S T traceable A calibration report is provide...

Page 60: ...ion Place the NERO mAx detector on the x ray table with the top of the detector facing the x ray tube Position the detector so that the detector is centered in the beam and is aligned with the x ray t...

Page 61: ...ror message is displayed see Section 4 3 Error Messages for more information Please wait while the NERO mAx prepares for the next exposure If the NERO mAx detects a fault condition such as an invalid...

Page 62: ...Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Blank page...

Page 63: ...arge indicator on the front panel of the NERO mAx should illuminate when the battery is charging If the green battery charge LED does not light the battery is not charging and repairs are needed Pleas...

Page 64: ...his prevents existing x ray exposure data from being overwritten by new exposure data so that no exposure data is lost Wait until the printer stops printing then continue 4 2 Modes of Operation 4 2 1R...

Page 65: ...posure in question Two methods may be used to examine these waveforms The first method is to use the NERO mAx Excel Add In to extract the waveforms from the NERO mAx Information on the installation an...

Page 66: ...to terminate the measurement prematurely When this occurs the NERO mAx measures the exposure time of the first few preheat pulses that is usually much shorter than the set exposure time To eliminate t...

Page 67: ...e are corrected based upon calculated kV and if the calculated kV is incorrect the calculated exposure may also be incorrect 4 2 3Fluoro Mode For an explanation of error messages see Section 4 3 Error...

Page 68: ...ctor has been entered accurately and has not been changed by accident see Cal Mode In addition verify that temperature and pressure have been correctly entered defaults are 22 C 760 mmHg see Setup Mod...

Page 69: ...s are allowed to discharge below a safe operating level the NERO mAx will become inoperable and the Low Battery indicator on the front panel will illuminate See Section 1 4 Battery Operation and Charg...

Page 70: ...of the HVL absorbers is more than 10 higher than the calculated HVL If only two exposures have been made the added filtration of the second exposure is more than 10 higher than the calculated HVL Whe...

Page 71: ...Fluoro and AMSE modes mAs offset errors may be caused by current flowing in the NERO mAx mAs measurement circuit when no exposure is being made This occurs when a voltage exists between the mAs termi...

Page 72: ...ey to continue If a printer is not in use turn printing off by going to the setup mode and turning print off RAD TOO LOW This error occurs when most of an exposure is below the NERO mAx s detectabilit...

Page 73: ...232 port and the port is not functioning properly Press any key to clear this error and continue Under these conditions the NERO mAx will not communicate properly with a computer but remains function...

Page 74: ...time of that peak This is because the NERO mAx finds peaks and calculates exposure time only between 90 of kVp on the kV waveform Since this peak is 80 5 kV any peaks below 72 5 kV 90 of the peak kV w...

Page 75: ...now only 90 milliseconds in length because the NERO mAx delayed data acquisition for ten milliseconds Exposure Results with 10 Millisecond Delay kVp Avg kV Eff kV Peak mSec mR 70 3 69 8 71 8 101 5 227...

Page 76: ...e kV waveform no data is plotted below approximately 39 kV This is because there is insufficient data available to fully construct the kV waveform This occurs when exposures are made near the detectab...

Page 77: ...which the NERO mAx can accurately reproduce the kV waveform This level is approximately 400 counts on the channel A radiation waveform kV Waveform High Sensitivity 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 2 4 6...

Page 78: ...et in milliseconds setting the kV to a lower percentage or ZERO zero crossing will also yield more accurate results Generally a kV setting of ZERO or 1 PULSE should be used for single phase self recti...

Page 79: ...ses which should result in a waveform containing 24 pulses including 14 filament preheat pulses Radiation Waveform No Delay 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 mSec co...

Page 80: ...to determine the optimum measurement delay to use Information on using the NERO mAx Excel Add In to view waveforms may be found in the NERO mAx Toolkit for Excel Instruction Manual In addition a digit...

Page 81: ...nd rating See Appendix F Replacement Parts for part numbers 8 Reconnect the positive battery lead and reassemble the NERO mAx in the reverse order of disassembly 9 Turn the NERO mAx on and verify that...

Page 82: ...w battery in place and secure the battery to the mounting plate with two new tie wraps See Appendix F Replacement Parts for part numbers 9 Reconnect the battery leads and reassemble the NERO mAx in th...

Page 83: ...e directly proportional The number of air molecules is a function of volume temperature and pressure The volume of air in the internal and external ion chambers attached to the NERO mAx are fixed alth...

Page 84: ...Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Blank page...

Page 85: ...t 26 SDD 1 2 mm Al Inherent Filtration Low Sensitivity W Al 30 60 kV Filter Low Sensitivity 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1 2 3 4 kV mA 30 40 50 60 mA Limits vs kV at 26 SDD 1 2mm Al Inherent Filtration H...

Page 86: ...tion Low Sensitivity W Al 50 100 kV Filter Low Sensitivity 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1 2 3 4 5 kV mA 50 60 75 90 100 mA Limits vs kV at 26 SDD 1 2mm Al Inherent Filtration High Sensitivity W Al 50 100...

Page 87: ...Low Sensitivity W Al 80 160 kV Filter Low Sensitivity 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1 2 3 4 5 kV mA 80 100 120 140 160 mA Limits vs kV at 26 SDD 1 2mm Al Inherent Filtration High Sensitivity W Al 80 160 k...

Page 88: ...Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Blank page...

Page 89: ...1 R min 01 mR 1 mR min Internal 1 mR 1 R min 1 mR 01 R min Rate Limits Standard Units R Ion Chamber Low Sensitivity High Sensitivity Mammo 10 kR min 1000 R min Fluoro 250 R min 25 R min R F 1000 R min...

Page 90: ...tors Manual C 2 Rate Limits SI Units Gy Ion Chamber Low Sensitivity High Sensitivity Mammo 100 Gy min 10 Gy min Fluoro 2 Gy min 200 mGy min R F 10 Gy min 1 Gy min Scatter 1 Gy min 100 mGy min Internal...

Page 91: ...Sensitivity High Sensitivity 1 1 R 1 R 2 1 R 1 R 3 1 R 1 R 4 1 R 1 R 5 1 R 1 R 6 1 R 1 R 7 1 R 01 R 8 1 R 01 R 9 1 R 01 R 10 1 R 01 R CT Exposure Resolution vs Beam Width SI Units Gy Beam Width mm Low...

Page 92: ...Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Blank page...

Page 93: ...e NERO mAx internal ion chamber is located along the center line of the detector 6 10 centimeters from the front edge of the detector The dotted black crosshairs on the top of the detector indicate th...

Page 94: ...Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Blank page...

Page 95: ...nited Kingdom Input 240 VAC 50 HZ 21 2 VA Output 12 VDC 1 A 14 414 AC Adapter Australia 220 240 VAC 14 414 14 416 Battery 12 V 2 2 Ah 16 47 Carrying Case 8000 69 Detector Cable 105 252 HVL Plate 2 3 m...

Page 96: ...Chamber Fluoro 150 cc 14 414 Ion Chamber Mammo 3 3 cc 14 414 14 416 Ion Chamber R F dose 30 cc 16 47 Ion Chamber Scatter 400 cc 8000 69 HVL Plates Set of 11 105 252 HVL Plates High Purity for Mammo H...

Page 97: ...Blank page...

Page 98: ...Fluke Biomedical Radiation Management Services 6045 Cochran Road Cleveland Ohio 44139 440 498 2564 120 Andrews Road Hicksville New York 11801 516 870 0100 www flukebiomedical com rms...

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