FLIR GFx320 User Manual Download Page 12

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Table of contents

History of infrared technology......................................................... 125

Theory of thermography................................................................. 128

44.1

Introduction ......................................................................... 128

44.2

The electromagnetic spectrum................................................. 128

44.3

Blackbody radiation............................................................... 128
44.3.1 Planck’s law .............................................................. 129
44.3.2 Wien’s displacement law.............................................. 130
44.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law ............................................... 131
44.3.4 Non-blackbody emitters............................................... 132

44.4

Infrared semi-transparent materials........................................... 134

The measurement formula.............................................................. 135

Emissivity tables ........................................................................... 139

46.1

References.......................................................................... 139

46.2

Tables ................................................................................ 139

#T810169; r. AN/42241/42268; en-US

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Summary of Contents for GFx320

Page 1: ...User s manual FLIR GFx3xx series...

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Page 5: ...User s manual FLIR GFx3xx series T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US v...

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Page 7: ...ccuracy 11 3 4 Disposal of electronic waste 11 3 5 Training 11 3 6 Documentation updates 11 3 7 Note about authoritative versions 12 4 Customer help 13 4 1 General 13 4 2 Submitting a question 13 4 3...

Page 8: ...9 14 8 Serial number 40 14 8 1 General 40 14 8 2 Figure 40 15 Screen elements 41 15 1 Mode selector 41 15 1 1 Figure 41 15 1 2 Explanation 41 15 2 Result table and measurement tools 41 15 2 1 Figure 4...

Page 9: ...18 2 Installing and removing the camera battery 52 18 2 1 Installing the battery 52 18 2 2 Removing the battery 52 18 3 Turning on the camera 53 18 3 1 Procedure 53 18 4 Turning off the camera 53 18 4...

Page 10: ...62 19 4 2 Procedure 62 19 5 Deleting a file 62 19 5 1 Procedure 62 20 Working with measurement tools 63 20 1 Laying out a measurement tool 63 20 1 1 General 63 20 1 2 Procedure 63 20 2 Moving or resi...

Page 11: ...neral 105 36 2 Signs to watch for 105 37 Detectable gases 106 37 1 General 106 37 2 Gases that can be detected by FLIR GFx3xx 106 38 Why do some gases absorb infrared energy 109 39 About FLIR Systems...

Page 12: ...trum 128 44 3 Blackbody radiation 128 44 3 1 Planck s law 129 44 3 2 Wien s displacement law 130 44 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law 131 44 3 4 Non blackbody emitters 132 44 4 Infrared semi transparent mate...

Page 13: ...duct must not be fur ther used in order to prevent additional damage The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply FLIR Systems will at its option repa...

Page 14: ...036179 70022216 70028915 70028923 70057990 7034300 710424 7110035 7154093 7157705 718801 723605 7237946 7312822 7332716 7336823 734803 7544944 7606484 7634157 7667198 7809258 7826736 8018649 8153971 8...

Page 15: ...recipient agrees to this EULA If the SOFTWARE is an upgrade any transfer must also include all prior versions of the SOFTWARE EXPORT RESTRICTIONS You acknowledge that SOFTWARE is subject to U S expor...

Page 16: ...t WARNING Do not charge the battery in a classified hazardous area An explosion can occur This can cause in jury or death to persons and damage to the equipment WARNING Do not take the following items...

Page 17: ...gives can be come unsatisfactory CAUTION Do not make markings on the camera Markings include labels engravings printing melting and so forth If you do not obey this the protection that the equipment g...

Page 18: ...nce or the life cycle of the battery If you do not use the correct equipment an incorrect flow of current to the battery can occur This can cause the battery to become hot or cause an explosion Injury...

Page 19: ...atteries Do not solder directly onto the battery Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not use the battery if when you use charge or put the batte...

Page 20: ...red lens This can cause damage to the anti reflective coating CAUTION Applicability Cameras with a viewfinder Make sure that the beams from the intensive energy sources do not go into the viewfinder T...

Page 21: ...deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No 50 dated June 24 2007 2 2 5 Compliance marking 2 2 5 1 Figure A marking with the following information is laser etched into the bottom of the camera housing 2 2...

Page 22: ...ic nC op is IIC T4 Gc II 3 G ANSI ISA 12 12 01 2013 Class I Division 2 CSA 22 2 No 213 Class I Division 2 2 2 8 Explosive hazardous environment Standards related to explosive hazardous environment tha...

Page 23: ...tor 3 4 Disposal of electronic waste As with most electronic products this equipment must be disposed of in an environmen tally friendly way and in accordance with existing regulations for electronic...

Page 24: ...tive versions The authoritative version of this publication is English In the event of divergences due to translation errors the English text has precedence Any late changes are first implemented in E...

Page 25: ...e for existing questions and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following information to hand The camera model The camera se...

Page 26: ...the product Firmware updates for your infrared camera Program updates for your PC Mac software Freeware and evaluation versions of PC Mac software User documentation for current obsolete and historica...

Page 27: ...B mini B and HDMI ports If you do not obey this an explosion can occur This can cause injury or death to persons and damage to the equipment CAUTION You must only use this charger when you charge the...

Page 28: ...rognosis and reporting is a highly advanced skill It requires professional knowledge of thermography and its applications and is in some countries subject to certification and legislation Consequently...

Page 29: ...e department Contact the service department before shipping the camera Many problems can be resolved on the phone if so the camera does not need to be shipped If the camera has been subject to shock o...

Page 30: ...ent Cigarette lighter adapt er kit 12 VDC 1 2 m 3 9 ft 1910490 T198509 WARNING Do not take this item into a classified hazardous area An explosion can occur An explosion can cause death or injury to p...

Page 31: ...ke this item into a classified hazardous area An explosion can occur An explosion can cause death or injury to persons and damage to the equipment HDMI to DVI cable 1 5 m T910816 T910816ACC WARNING Do...

Page 32: ...the equipment Screwdriver TX20 T911309 T911309ACC WARNING Do not take this item into a classified hazardous area An explosion can occur An explosion can cause death or injury to persons and damage to...

Page 33: ...ting gas leaks quickly and efficiently and from a distance It also reduces the inspection time by allowing a broad area to be scanned rapidly and without the need to interrupt the industrial process T...

Page 34: ...section contains example images from various applications Note Gas leaks are easier to see in live image mode which is the reason the leaks are indicated with a red dot in the images below 10 2 Image...

Page 35: ...5 2 Charge the battery for four hours or until the green battery condition LED glows continuously Note Do this at room temperature 3 Put the battery into the battery compartment 4 Insert a memory card...

Page 36: ...nt do the following 9 1 Click Create a New Account 9 2 Enter the required information and click Create Account 10 On the camera push the joystick This displays a dialog box The serial number S N of th...

Page 37: ...Quick start guide 11 11 On the computer enter the serial number of the camera and click Validate 12 When the serial number is validated click Continue T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 25...

Page 38: ...the registration is completed the four digit code is displayed Note The code is also sent by e mail to the address registered with your FLIR Customer Support account The code is also displayed in you...

Page 39: ...p You do not have to go through the unlock procedure again 11 2 Detecting a gas leak 11 2 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Before operating the camera you must read understand and follow the warnin...

Page 40: ...a card reader connected to a computer Connect a computer to the camera using a USB Mini B cable Note To enable file transfer via the USB port the USB mode setting must be set to Mass Storage Device Th...

Page 41: ...Add a spotmeter by doing the following 11 1 Push the button to display a menu 11 2 Move the joystick left right to the Edit tab 11 3 Move the joystick up down to Add spot 11 4 Push the joystick A spot...

Page 42: ...Quick start guide 11 20 1 Laying out a measurement tool page 63 19 1 Saving infrared images page 60 T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 30...

Page 43: ...ity as when originally manufactured 1 Make sure that the camera powers on 2 Make sure that the camera completes the cool down process and produces a live in frared image 3 Make sure that the camera do...

Page 44: ...Note Please note the following Always tilt the viewfinder to fit your work position Always adjust the viewing angle of the display to fit your work position Always adjust the camera grip to fit your...

Page 45: ...nomics 13 13 3 Related topics 18 5 Adjusting the viewing angle of the viewfinder page 54 18 7 Adjusting the camera grip page 55 18 9 Adjusting the viewing angle of the display page 56 T810169 r AN 422...

Page 46: ...n setup mode in the Preferences tab 2 Temperature range button 3 Mode wheel with the following modes Camera mode Save images Video mode Record video clips and video sequences Archive mode View saved i...

Page 47: ...al camera lamp When you are in digital camera mode you turn on the lamps by pushing the joystick 6 button Preview Save Function in camera mode To preview an image before saving it push and release the...

Page 48: ...as been performed an asterisk is displayed in the result ta ble indicating that the measurement may be affected The asterisk disappears when the camera is restarted For more information see section 42...

Page 49: ...k 14 4 View from the rear with open cover 14 4 1 Figure 14 4 2 Explanation 1 USB Mini B cable to connect the camera to a computer 2 HDMI cable for live video output 3 Memory card slot 4 Battery releas...

Page 50: ...n LED indicator Type of signal Explanation The LED is red and glows continuously The battery needs to be charged The LED is green and flashes The battery is being charged The LED is green and glows co...

Page 51: ...al axis are parallel WARNING Do not look directly into the laser beam The laser beam can cause eye irritation Note The symbol is displayed on the screen when the laser pointer is on 14 7 3 Laser warni...

Page 52: ...Camera parts 14 14 8 Serial number 14 8 1 General The serial number of the camera is provided on a label in the battery compartment 14 8 2 Figure T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 40...

Page 53: ...nd video sequences 4 Program mode Set up periodical saving of images 5 Setup mode Change the general settings 15 2 Result table and measurement tools 15 2 1 Figure 15 2 2 Explanation 1 Status bar 2 Re...

Page 54: ...Menu item 5 Status indicators Time Date GPS indicator USB indicator Power indicator Memory card indicator The indicator shows the amount of free space on the memory card As a warning the indicator wil...

Page 55: ...anging object parameters This section explains how to change these settings 16 2 Adjusting the infrared camera focus Note Do not touch the lens surface when you adjust the infrared camera focus If thi...

Page 56: ...ect Auto The image will now be continuously adjusted for best image brightness and contrast 16 3 4 Figure This figure shows the HSM slider 16 3 5 Procedure HSM Follow this procedure to adjust an image...

Page 57: ...n 1 Currently set minimum temperature in the temperature span range of type 3 in the table 16 4 1 2 Types of temperature ranges page 45 2 Currently set maximum temperature in the temperature span rang...

Page 58: ...e 5 Push the joystick to enable the list of palettes 6 Move the joystick up down to select a new palette 7 Push the joystick 8 Push the button to leave the setup mode 16 6 Enabling or disabling histog...

Page 59: ...e the temperature of the air between the camera and the object of interest Relative humidity i e the relative humidity of the air between the camera and the ob ject of interest External optics tempera...

Page 60: ...arameters locally first select a measurement tool in the toolbox then select Use local parameters Change the local parameters by selecting Edit local parameters then edit them in the same way as for g...

Page 61: ...Explanation 1 To connect a computer to the camera to move images and files to and from the cam era use a USB Mini B cable and this connector 2 To play live video from the camera on an external video m...

Page 62: ...plorer select My Computer and right click the memory card 3 Select Format 4 Under File system select FAT 5 Click Start Note SDHC memory cards that are 4 GB or larger can only be formatted to the FAT32...

Page 63: ...ndition indicator glows continuously discon nect the power supply cable 18 1 1 2 Related topics For information about the battery condition LED indicator see 14 5 Battery condition LED indicator page...

Page 64: ...Conditions of Use for Ex Equipment page 15 2 Unscrew the Torx T20 screw and open the battery compartment cover 3 Push the battery into the battery compartment The battery makes a click when it locks...

Page 65: ...The mechanical cooler has a sound that resembles a subdued motor This sound is normal When the cooling procedure is completed there is a distinct change in the sound The cooling procedure typically t...

Page 66: ...s possible you can adjust the viewing angle of the viewfinder 18 5 2 Figure 18 5 3 Procedure To adjust the viewfinder tilt the viewfinder up or down 18 6 Adjusting the viewfinder s dioptric correction...

Page 67: ...st sharpness Note Maximum dioptric correction 2 Minimum dioptric correction 2 18 7 Adjusting the camera grip 18 7 1 General To make your working position as comfortable as possible you can adjust the...

Page 68: ...lay 18 9 2 Figure 18 9 3 Procedure To adjust the viewing angle of the display rotate the display clockwise or counter clockwise 18 10 Adjusting the infrared camera focus Note Do not touch the lens sur...

Page 69: ...lens 18 11 Using the zoom function 18 11 1 General You can zoom in on infrared images in preview or archive mode This enables you to view details in an image 18 11 2 Procedure Do one of the following...

Page 70: ...irectly into the laser beam The laser beam can cause eye irritation Note The symbol is displayed on the screen when the laser pointer is on 18 13 Laser warning label A laser warning label with the fol...

Page 71: ...zoom factor Hide show graphics Change the polarity Change the palette 18 15 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Turn the mode wheel to to enter setup mode 2 Select the Preferences tab and push the joy...

Page 72: ...ry Card 19 1 4 1 General You can preview an image before you save it to an SD Memory Card This lets you do one or more of the following tasks before you save the image Edit measurements Adjust the ima...

Page 73: ...settings relating to image presentation These settings include Zoom i e zoom into or out of images Hide show graphics i e hide or show the on screen graphics Change the color palette i e the colors th...

Page 74: ...st an image that has been saved in Auto or Manual mode An image saved in HSM mode cannot be adjusted For more information see sec tion 16 3 Adjusting an image page 43 Select to delete the image Select...

Page 75: ...he screen Follow this procedure to move or resize a measurement tool 1 Turn the mode wheel to or 2 Push the button to display a menu 3 Move the joystick left right to go to the Edit tab 4 Move the joy...

Page 76: ...select the ID 7 3 Not applicable to spotmeter To select the result type of the measurement tool Min Max Avg select Type and push the joystick Move the joystick up down to select the result type of the...

Page 77: ...eters 5 Push the joystick to display a dialog box 6 Move the joystick up down to select the parameter you want to change then push the joystick 7 Move the joystick up down to change the value then pus...

Page 78: ...is will display the following dialog box 4 Push the joystick 5 Use the joystick to set the following The type of images to save IR image Digital photo IR and digital The time period between which the...

Page 79: ...the screen displays the elapsed recording time 3 To stop the recording push the button This will display a preview dialog box 4 You can now do one or more of the following tasks before you save the v...

Page 80: ...nd free memory etc No changes are possible here only presentation of information 23 2 Procedure Follow this procedure to change settings 1 Turn the mode wheel to to enter setup mode 2 Move the joystic...

Page 81: ...the camera series for field of view tables for all lens camera combinations 24 2 Note about technical data FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice Ple...

Page 82: ...exposed to invisible and potentially harmful or explosive chemicals With a FLIR GFx320 gas imaging camera it is easy to scan areas of interest that are difficult to reach with conventional methods Th...

Page 83: ...t or captured from any measurement function Emissivity correction Variable from 0 01 to 1 0 or selected from editable materials list Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input...

Page 84: ...am include the following FLIR IR Camera Player FLIR ResearchIR FLIR Tools Non radiometric IR video streaming RTP MPEG4 Digital camera Built in digital camera 3 2 Mpixels auto focus and two video lamps...

Page 85: ...2010 partial IEC 60079 28 2015 BS EN 60079 0 2012 BS EN 60079 11 2012 BS EN 60079 15 2010 BS EN 60079 28 2015 ANSI ISA 12 12 01 2013 CSA 22 2 No 213 ATEX directive 2014 34 EU Low voltage 73 23 EEC RoH...

Page 86: ...supply incl multi plugs Printed documentation Screwdriver TX20 USB cable EAN 13 7332558012574 UPC 12 845188013721 Course organization ITC ITC Trainers and Licensed Trainers T197692 Battery charger inc...

Page 87: ...ng exposed to invisible and potentially harmful or explosive chemicals With a FLIR GFx320 gas imaging camera it is easy to scan areas of interest that are difficult to reach with conventional methods...

Page 88: ...t or captured from any measurement function Emissivity correction Variable from 0 01 to 1 0 or selected from editable materials list Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input...

Page 89: ...am include the following FLIR IR Camera Player FLIR ResearchIR FLIR Tools Non radiometric IR video streaming RTP MPEG4 Digital camera Built in digital camera 3 2 Mpixels auto focus and two video lamps...

Page 90: ...2010 partial IEC 60079 28 2015 BS EN 60079 0 2012 BS EN 60079 11 2012 BS EN 60079 15 2010 BS EN 60079 28 2015 ANSI ISA 12 12 01 2013 CSA 22 2 No 213 ATEX directive 2014 34 EU Low voltage 73 23 EEC RoH...

Page 91: ...supply incl multi plugs Printed documentation Screwdriver TX20 USB cable EAN 13 7332558012567 UPC 12 845188013714 Course organization ITC ITC Trainers and Licensed Trainers T197692 Battery charger inc...

Page 92: ...Mechanical drawings 25 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 80...

Page 93: ...ize A 1 3 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechani...

Page 94: ...Size A 1 3 Scale 2012 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No part of this drawing may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechan...

Page 95: ...EU Declaration of conformity 26 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 83...

Page 96: ......

Page 97: ...MET Compliance Data Report truncated 27 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 85...

Page 98: ...7 2013 Page 1 of 10 Issued by Department Manager or designee Clause Test 22 5 2 Before Seal Test Voltage Test Component 22 5 1 Conditioning Component 22 5 3 2 Seal Component Test Component Method 3 22...

Page 99: ...ng will be with respect to EN IEC 60079 15 2010 clause 22 5 as this testing is more onerous than ANSI ISA 12 12 01 2012 and CSA CAN C22 2 No 213 reaffirmed 2013 requirements CEIT 17072 1 SB4293v2 500...

Page 100: ...IEC IECEE Intertek Test Report truncated 28 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 88...

Page 101: ...not assume liability for damages resulting from the reader s interpretation of the reproduced material due to its placement and context If this Test Report Form is used by non IECEE members the IECEE...

Page 102: ......

Page 103: ...IEC IECEE Intertek CB Test Certificate 29 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 91...

Page 104: ......

Page 105: ......

Page 106: ...MET Laboratories Test Certificate truncated 30 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 94...

Page 107: ...electrical equipment for use in Class I and II Division 2 and Class III Divisions 1 and 2 hazardous classified locations Second Edition UL 60950 1 CSA C22 2 NO 60950 1 Information Technology Equipmen...

Page 108: ...MET Laboratories Letter of Certification 31 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 96...

Page 109: ...Information Technology Equipment ANSI ISA 12 12 01 2016 Nonincendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I and II Division 2 and Class III Divisions 1 and 2 Hazardous Classified Locations Seventh E...

Page 110: ...Element Type Examination Certificate truncated 32 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 98...

Page 111: ...t TRA 029115 33 00A 9 Compliance with the Essential Health and Safety Requirements has been assured by compliance with EN 60079 0 2012 A11 2013 EN 60079 11 2012 EN 60079 15 2010 EN 60079 28 2015 Excep...

Page 112: ...IECEx Technical Report GB EMT ExTR16 0015 00 33 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 100...

Page 113: ...Ed 2 Issuing ExTL EMT Element Materials Technology Endorsing ExCB EMT Element Materials Technology Manufacturer FLIR SYSTEMS AB Antennv gen 6 SE 187 15 T by Country of Manufacture Sweden Ex Protectio...

Page 114: ...IECEx Quality Assessment Report GB EMT QAR16 0003 00 34 See next page T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 102...

Page 115: ...IR SYSTEMS AB Antennv gen 6 SE 187 66 T by Sweden Issuing ExCB EMT Element Materials Technology Manufacturer FLIR SYSTEMS AB Antennv gen 6 SE 187 66 T by Country of Manufacture Sweden Product informat...

Page 116: ...leaning cloth it must be dry Do not use a lens cleaning cloth with the liquids that are given in section 35 2 1 above These liquids can cause material on the lens cleaning cloth to become loose This m...

Page 117: ...ocooler is equipped with a closed loop speed regulator which adjusts the cooler motor speed to regulate the detector temperature Typically the cooler runs at maximum speed for 7 10 minutes depending o...

Page 118: ...carbons Within the laboratory FLIR Systems has tested numerous gases for detection at varying concentrations 37 2 Gases that can be detected by FLIR GFx3xx Common name Molecular formula Structural for...

Page 119: ...ses 37 Common name Molecular formula Structural formula Ethylene C2H4 Heptane C7H16 Hexane C6H14 Isoprene C5H8 m Xylene C8H10 Methane CH4 Methanol CH4O Methyl ethyl ketone C4H8O T810169 r AN 42241 422...

Page 120: ...Detectable gases 37 Common name Molecular formula Structural formula MIBK C6H10O Octane C8H18 Pentane C5H12 Propane C3H8 Propylene C3H6 Toluene C7H8 T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 108...

Page 121: ...a time Figure 38 1 Single atom The next most complex category of molecules is diatomic made of two atoms such as hydrogen H2 nitrogen N2 and oxygen O2 They have the ability to tumble around their axes...

Page 122: ...olecule FLIR GFx3xx series cameras take advantage of the absorbing and emitting nature of cer tain molecules to visualize them in black or white in their native environments The gas visualization cont...

Page 123: ...Why do some gases absorb infrared energy 38 Figure 38 8 Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 Strong absorption around 10 6 m CL 50 ppmxm Source PNNL T810169 r AN 42241 42268 en US 111...

Page 124: ...ologies Extech Instruments 2007 Ifara Tecnolog as 2008 Salvador Imaging 2009 OmniTech Partners 2009 Directed Perception 2009 Raymarine 2010 ICx Technologies 2010 TackTick Marine Digital Instruments 20...

Page 125: ...The in depth expertise of these infrared specialists en sures the accuracy and reliability of all vital components that are assembled into your in frared camera 39 1 More than just an infrared camera...

Page 126: ...at all times If you discover a problem with your camera local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time Therefore there is no need to send you...

Page 127: ...inal sources Heat thermal energy that is transferred between two objects sys tems due to their difference in temperature Heat transfer rate8 The heat transfer rate under steady state conditions is di...

Page 128: ...small objects or details Temperature measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules and atoms that make up the substance Thermal energy total kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the o...

Page 129: ...ject and the camera The relative humidity Temperature of the atmosphere 41 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much r...

Page 130: ...ook for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection angle a b Figure 41 1 1 Reflection source 2 If the reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructin...

Page 131: ...thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature because a thermocouple measures temperature but apparent temperatrure is radiation intensity 41 2 1 1 2 Method 2 Reflector method Follow this pro...

Page 132: ...pan for best image brightness and contrast 7 Set emissivity to that of the tape usually 0 97 8 Measure the temperature of the tape using one of the following measurement functions Isotherm helps you t...

Page 133: ...s detected by the camera 41 5 Relative humidity The camera can also compensate for the fact that the transmittance is also dependent on the relative humidity of the atmosphere To do this set the relat...

Page 134: ...ishes the relation between emitted radiation the quantity value and the electrical output signal the indication This first step of the calibration procedure consists of obtaining a homo geneous or uni...

Page 135: ...rs All FLIR Systems cameras are drift compensated when they are first delivered to the customer and when they are recalibrated by FLIR Systems serv ice departments 42 5 Calibration verification and ad...

Page 136: ...al situation they should all give the same output sig nal However each individual element has its own response so the output is not uniform This deviation from the ideal result is calculated and used...

Page 137: ...well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by ac tually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in th...

Page 138: ...l which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remark ably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infra red optical...

Page 139: ...dance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive...

Page 140: ...at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into f...

Page 141: ...temperature generates black body radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in temper...

Page 142: ...44 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 103 m 2 Wavelength m 44 3 2 Wien s displacement law By...

Page 143: ...each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 m 2 Wavelength m 44 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from 0 to we obtain the tota...

Page 144: ...mitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions Thus The spectral absorptance the ratio of the spect...

Page 145: ...al i e a perfect mirror we have For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperature...

Page 146: ...diation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker a...

Page 147: ...s at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibility to modify the measure ment situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sourc...

Page 148: ...ation 3 for Uobj Equation 4 This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Table 45 1 Voltages Uobj Calculated camera outp...

Page 149: ...are actually performing extrapola tion of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the trans mit...

Page 150: ...f radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters 0 88 Trefl...

Page 151: ...valuation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 9 hman Claes Emittansm tningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999...

Page 152: ...0 05 4 Aluminum polished sheet 100 T 0 05 2 Aluminum rough surface 20 50 T 0 06 0 07 1 Aluminum roughened 27 10 m 0 18 3 Aluminum roughened 27 3 m 0 28 3 Aluminum sheet 4 samples differently scratche...

Page 153: ...ck firebrick 17 SW 0 68 5 Brick fireclay 1000 T 0 75 1 Brick fireclay 1200 T 0 59 1 Brick fireclay 20 T 0 85 1 Brick masonry 35 SW 0 94 7 Brick masonry plastered 20 T 0 94 1 Brick red common 20 T 0 93...

Page 154: ...lished 34 T 0 006 4 Copper molten 1100 1300 T 0 13 0 15 1 Copper oxidized 50 T 0 6 0 7 1 Copper oxidized to blackness T 0 88 1 Copper oxidized black 27 T 0 78 4 Copper oxidized heavily 20 T 0 78 2 Cop...

Page 155: ...teel electrolytic care fully polished 175 225 T 0 05 0 06 1 Iron and steel freshly worked with emery 20 T 0 24 1 Iron and steel ground sheet 950 1100 T 0 55 0 61 1 Iron and steel heavily rusted sheet...

Page 156: ...idized 100 T 0 64 2 Iron cast oxidized 260 T 0 66 4 Iron cast oxidized 38 T 0 63 4 Iron cast oxidized 538 T 0 76 4 Iron cast oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 64 0 78 1 Iron cast polished 200 T 0 21 1 Iro...

Page 157: ...0 94 7 Nextel Velvet 811 21 Black Flat black 60 150 LW 0 97 10 and 11 Nichrome rolled 700 T 0 25 1 Nichrome sandblasted 700 T 0 70 1 Nichrome wire clean 50 T 0 65 1 Nichrome wire clean 500 1000 T 0 7...

Page 158: ...Paint Aluminum vari ous ages 50 100 T 0 27 0 67 1 Paint cadmium yellow T 0 28 0 33 1 Paint chrome green T 0 65 0 70 1 Paint cobalt blue T 0 7 0 8 1 Paint oil 17 SW 0 87 5 Paint oil based aver age of 1...

Page 159: ...plastic floor dull structured 70 LW 0 93 9 Platinum 100 T 0 05 4 Platinum 1000 1500 T 0 14 0 18 1 Platinum 1094 T 0 18 4 Platinum 17 T 0 016 4 Platinum 22 T 0 03 4 Platinum 260 T 0 06 4 Platinum 538...

Page 160: ...16 2 Stainless steel type 18 8 oxi dized at 800 C 60 T 0 85 2 Stucco rough lime 10 90 T 0 91 1 Styrofoam insulation 37 SW 0 60 7 Tar T 0 79 0 84 1 Tar paper 20 T 0 91 0 93 1 Tile glazed 17 SW 0 94 5 T...

Page 161: ...0 8 1 Water snow 10 T 0 85 2 Wood 17 SW 0 98 5 Wood 19 LLW 0 962 8 Wood ground T 0 5 0 7 1 Wood pine 4 different samples 70 SW 0 67 0 75 9 Wood pine 4 different samples 70 LW 0 81 0 89 9 Wood planed 2...

Page 162: ...xml en US 39860 2017 01 31 T505942 xml en US 40564 2017 02 24 T505943 xml en GB 40565 2017 02 24 T505975 xml en US 39513 2017 01 18 T505944 xml en US 39513 2017 01 18 T505945 xml en US 40565 2017 02...

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Page 164: ...support flir com Copyright 2017 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide Disclaimer Specifications subject to change without further notice Models and accessories subject to regional market cons...

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