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8

 

 

ENERGIZER

 

BATTERY

 

MANUFACTURING

 

VERSION

 

1.2

 

Figure

 

7:

  

Comparison

 

of

 

Performance

 

under

 

Continuous

 

Constant

 

Power

 

 

AAAA

PP355

25 mW

24

88

50 mW

11

38

75 mW

6

24

100 mW

4

15

Continuous Discharge Time (hrs)

 

 
 

2.2

 ‐‐ 

Performance

 

at

 

Other

 

Environmental

 

Conditions

 

 

When

 

a

 

Zinc

 

Air

 

battery

 

is

 

exposed

 

to

 

a

 

non

standard

 

environment,

 

a

 

driving

 

force

 

for

 

water

 

transport

 

in

 

or

 

out

 

of

 

the

 

battery

 

exists.

  

Movement

 

of

 

water

 

vapor

 

into

 

the

 

battery

 

can

 

fill

 

void

 

space

 

in

 

the

 

anode

 

cavity

 

under

 

high

 

humidity

 

environments,

 

and

 

movement

 

of

 

water

 

vapor

 

out

 

of

 

the

 

battery

 

can

 

dry

 

out

 

the

 

electrolyte

 

in

 

low

 

humidity

 

environments.

  

Either

 

situation

 

can

 

decrease

 

battery

 

performance

 

over

 

time.

   

 

Understanding

 

the

 

environmental

 

conditions

 

that

 

a

 

battery

 

might

 

encounter

 

is

 

critical

 

to

 

estimating

 

battery

 

performance.

   

A

 

study

 

was

 

done

 

at

 

Energizer

 

to

 

determine

 

realistic

 

extreme

 

conditions

 

for

 

battery

 

testing,

 

using

 

climate

 

data

 

from

 

61

 

cities

 

across

 

the

 

globe.

   

These

 

cities

 

represent

 

the

 

major

 

markets

 

for

 

both

 

devices

 

and

 

batteries.

  

Combinations

 

of

 

daily

 

morning

 

and

 

afternoon

 

temperature

 

and

 

humidity

 

were

 

compiled

 

and

 

analyzed

 

to

 

determine

 

reasonable

 

temperature

 

and

 

humidity

 

extremes.

 

 

Hot

 

and

 

Humid

 

Conditions:

   

Zinc

 

Air

 

Prismatic

 

batteries

 

can

 

take

 

on

 

water

 

when

 

exposed

 

to

 

hot

 

and

 

humid

 

conditions.

  

This

 

can

 

limit

 

battery

 

performance

 

by

 

taking

 

up

 

void

 

volume

 

in

 

the

 

air

 

electrode

 

and

 

anode

 

compartment.

   

At

 

35°C

 

and

 

75%

 

RH

 

conditions,

 

there

 

is

 

a

 

driving

 

force

 

for

 

water

 

gain

 

larger

 

than

 

99%

 

of

 

conditions

 

seen

 

in

 

combined

 

indoor

 

and

 

outdoor

 

data

 

from

 

the

 

top

 

61

 

cities

 

globally.

  

Service

 

tests

 

with

 

the

 

PP355

 

under

 

these

 

conditions

 

show

 

very

 

good

 

service

 

even

 

at

 

1

 

hr

 

per

 

day

 

intermittency.

 

 

Hot

 

and

 

Arid

 

Conditions:

 

Zinc

 

Air

 

Prismatic

 

batteries

 

can

 

lose

 

water

 

when

 

exposed

 

to

 

hot

 

and

 

arid

 

conditions

 

which

 

can

 

limit

 

battery

 

performance

 

by

 

drying

 

out

 

the

 

battery.

  

Under

 

35°C

 

and

 

25%

 

RH

 

conditions,

 

there

 

is

 

a

 

driving

 

force

 

for

 

water

 

loss

 

larger

 

than

 

99%

 

of

 

conditions

 

seen

 

in

 

combined

 

indoor

 

and

 

outdoor

 

data

 

from

 

the

 

top

 

61

 

cities

 

globally.

  

Service

 

testing

 

with

 

the

 

PP355

 

at

 

these

 

conditions

 

shows

 

very

 

good

 

service

 

even

 

at

 

1

 

hr

 

per

 

day

 

intermittency.

 

 
 

Summary of Contents for PP255

Page 1: ...Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic Handbook Including performance and design data for the PP355...

Page 2: ...ons 7 2 2 Performance at Other Environmental Conditions 8 2 3 Pulse Capability 9 2 4 Service Maintenance 10 2 5 Activation Time and Air Requirements 11 3 Application and Design Considerations 12 3 1 A...

Page 3: ...h zinc The thin air electrode eliminates the need to contain both reactants in the battery so the majority of the battery can be filled by the zinc anode As a result Zinc Air provides the highest avai...

Page 4: ...y s devices often requiring a thinner battery solution The thinnest round cell available is the AAAA battery at approximately 8 mm and many Lithium Ion rechargeable solutions have a thickness of 5 mm...

Page 5: ...all systems and a continuous 50mA current drain to a 0 9 volt cutoff Figure 3 Comparison of Zinc Air versus Other Battery Technologies 156 450 565 396 371 522 343 890 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 80...

Page 6: ...es Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries provide an ideal form factor for devices with a thin profile The family of battery sizes is shown in Figure 5 ranging from AAA Alkaline volume equivalent to t...

Page 7: ...ergizer Zinc Air Prismatic Batteries perform well over a wide range of environmental conditions and in intermittent applications as well Figure 6 contains typical discharge curves for the PP355 under...

Page 8: ...the major markets for both devices and batteries Combinations of daily morning and afternoon temperature and humidity were compiled and analyzed to determine reasonable temperature and humidity extre...

Page 9: ...emperatures and all intermittencies Each battery was exposed to the specified conditions for the entire test duration Figure 9 demonstrates the service obtained from a PP355 battery at 35 C 75 RH 35 C...

Page 10: ...or to use These tabs seal the air holes against oxygen and water ingress To obtain the full battery performance the tab should be removed only immediately prior to use When the battery is sealed by th...

Page 11: ...e PP355 may take a couple of seconds to air up enough to sustain a 50 mW load above 1 volt Based on the time it will take a consumer to remove the tab insert the battery into the device close the batt...

Page 12: ...n sustain For example a device might require 10 mA of current compared to the maximum of 100 mA that a PP355 can sustain This technique works best for devices that have a low average drain rate with l...

Page 13: ...mplished by creating an access path to the sealed volume of air within a device The air access path is designed to allow a desired amount of air to flow to the sealed volume of air which includes the...

Page 14: ...ctrically conductive on all surfaces and flat battery contacts are recommended Leaf spring contacts are preferred over coil springs as coil springs are more prone to shorting Positive contact should b...

Page 15: ...flow to below what is required for device operation Figure 14 Battery Orientation and Device Contacts Reversal Protection Battery reversal protection is recommended for battery operated devices to pr...

Page 16: ...s may take place in the battery which can lead to increased potential for gassing and leakage Energizer recommends that devices are designed to prevent the battery from being discharged below 0 9 volt...

Page 17: ...tests performed include multiple temperature cycling deep discharge direct short thermal abuse abusive charge Safety test performance is consistent with that of standard alkaline and indicates no safe...

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