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Echometer M Manual Download Page 27

Echometer Company

Model – M Manual

Phone: (940) 767-4334

5001 Ditto Lane

Page

27

Fax: (940) 723-7507

Wichita Falls, Texas 76302, U.S.A.

E-Mail:10 – Calculation of Bottomhole Pressures

Bottomhole pressure calculation in static and producing wells is described in technical papers and is facilitated by the use of
software, which is supplied with the Echometer Model M. Details of the calculation methods used by the software are
found in technical papers on the internet at conjunction with DOS and Windows based computers. The available programs include:

BHP and AWP in DOS for calculation of static and producing BHP

AWP2000 for Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000 and XP for calculation of static and producing BHP can be
downloaded for free from the Echometer Web page,
The programs have been designed to be easy to use and they require a minimum of data. The user should however
remember that the results from computer calculations are only as good as the data that is entered. Thus, make sure
that the data input is accurate or the results will be meaningless.

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Summary of Contents for M

Page 1: ...any organization of such revision In no event shall Echometer Company be liable for any loss of profit or any commercial damage including but not limited to special consequential or other damages Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Echometer Company The software described in this document is furnished under a license a...

Page 2: ...cording Procedure 15 Operation of the Model M with the Compact Gas Gun 16 Operation of the Model M with the Remote Fired Gas Gun 17 Recommendations for Optimum Performance 18 Automatic Gain Setting AGS Mode Characteristics 19 Manual Gain Setting MGS Mode Characteristics 19 Collar Channel Automatic Gain Control AGC 19 Liquid Level Channel Gain Control 19 5 Interpretation 20 6 Problem Wells 21 7 Bat...

Page 3: ...M AND TIME STAMP 30 FIG 5 UPPER LOWER COLLARS ACCENTEDFIG 6 PROVE LIQUID LEVEL 31 FIG 6 PROVE LIQUID LEVEL 32 Fig 7 WELL WITH LINER 33 FIG 8 RECORDS OF COMPRESSION RAREFACTION INITIAL PULSEACOUSTIC RESPONSES FROM DOWNHOLE ANOMALIES 34 ACOUSTIC RESPONSES FROM DOWNHOLE ANOMALIES 35 Amplifiers And Filters Test 35 Amplifiers And Filters Test 36 MICROPHONE CABLE TEST 37 Microphone Test 38 Rate of Fill ...

Page 4: ...etins etc relating to pressure metal characteristics temperature effects corrosion wear electrical properties gas properties etc before operating this equipment The tests should not be undertaken if the operator the test equipment and the well are not in conditions to operate safely This equipment should not be used if the operator is tired ill or under the influence of alcohol drugs or medication...

Page 5: ...ted by the microphone The microphone within the wellhead attachment converts the reflected acoustic signal into an electrical signal consisting of a series of pulses which correspond to the sequence of reflections The microphone must operate over a wide pressure range from a vacuum to the maximum pressure that exists in the wells being tested The microphone should be designed to cancel the mechani...

Page 6: ...ity or the composition of the gas in the annulus is known with some accuracy then the velocity of sound in the gas can be calculated The acoustic wave round trip travel time from the initial pulse to the liquid level reflection is read directly from the strip chart which displays timing marks The round trip travel time is divided by two and multiplied by the acoustic velocity to calculate the dept...

Page 7: ...reflected from the collars at the top of the well are large but rapidly attenuate The microprocessor is programmed to evaluate the signal level and increase or decrease the collar amplifier gain as necessary to optimize the quality of the recording The collar and other signals will be recorded at a width of approximately 0 6 inch 12 mm which simplifies the manual counting of the collars since the ...

Page 8: ...the amplifier gain by setting the gain control knob as desired before the shot is detected After the shot is detected the instrument uses the gain setting when the shot is detected and the operator cannot adjust the gain Liquid Level Gain This knob controls the gain of the liquid level channel The most counter clockwise position AUTO activates automatic gain setting and should be used first always...

Page 9: ... the printhead will be overheated Using paper that is not of the proper width may result in printhead failure Use only Echometer paper to insure proper operation of the printhead and chart drive system Wellhead Attachments Compact Gas Gun The Compact Gas Gun consists of a microphone and a ten cubic inch volume chamber with a outlet valve The outlet valve will open rapidly when the trigger is pulle...

Page 10: ...f producing BHP and casing gas flow rate Cocking Arm The cocking arm is lifted to depress and close the valve between the gas chamber and the casing Casing Pressure Bleed Valve This valve allows bleeding the pressure between the casing valve and the compact gas gun Turn the knob counter clockwise to release the pressure Verify that the casing valve is closed before opening the bleed valve Gun Fill...

Page 11: ...e remote fire gun diagram The gas valve does not hold pressure from the well Therefore gas pressure must be applied to the volume chamber inlet port in order to close it Whenever the valve is left open well fluids will flow backwards through the gun and into the volume chamber This flow may entrain sand and other debris These deposits may prevent the gas gun from operating properly To minimize thi...

Page 12: ...the gun mounted gauge A 5 LB CO2 bottle and hose with connector can be used to change the gun if desired High Pressure Gas Guns The 5000 psi gas gun is normally used in the implosion mode It has an excellent noise canceling microphone and generates a very good pulse when the 1 2 inch ball valve is opened rapidly and the well pressure exceeds 200 psi When the 5000 psi gas gun becomes dirty due to d...

Page 13: ...r the left or right switches will advance the settings mode to the next unit year month day hour minute Turning the Amplifier switch Off will exit the setting mode 2 ARM Delay Start Function The Enhanced Model M has a new mode of operation that has been added to facilitate operation in normal or hazardous environments with a one person crew The Model M chart drive will not be actuated until the ga...

Page 14: ...duction rate efficiency and maximum production rate can be downloaded from www echometer com Contact John Ryan at 940 767 4334 Ext 22 or email John echometer com for written instructions if you desire to delete the following from the chart header Remote Fire Gas Gun When both collar and liquid level gain controls are set to the AUTO position the Model M will automatically provide a fire signal to ...

Page 15: ...y rates or to compute pressure buildup rates Next the acoustic analysis form is printed on the strip chart During the time that the forms are being recorded on the strip chart the instrument measures the background noise on both channels and then analyzes the noise in terms of peak to peak amplitude and records the AUTO position when the chart drive is turned on later adjustment of the gain contro...

Page 16: ... Inspect the record and repeat the shot if the signal quality is not satisfactory 15 Turn power switch to OFF after operation 16 Record Time and Casing Pressure 17 Close the Casing Valve between Echometer Gas Gun and the well 18 Open the Casing Pressure Bleed Valve and release the pressure 19 Open the Casing Valve to the flow line 20 Remove the Echometer Gas Gun from the casing valve RAREFACTION I...

Page 17: ...fire cable from the gun to the REMOTE FIRE connector 11 Turn Power Switch to ON 12 Select the collar FILTER and set the gain controls to AUTO 13 Turn chart drive ON 14 Generate pressure pulse by depressing the Remote Fire button for approximately one second to insure full opening of the solenoid valve 15 Turn chart drive OFF after detecting the liquid level signal 16 Inspect the record and repeat ...

Page 18: ...eep low pressure well Only signals stronger than the background noise are meaningful in the recording It is obvious that strong background noises must be reduced if the recording of lower collars and liquid level is to be obtained Background noise can be classified as surface mechanical vibration noise or acoustic noise The source of noise can be determined easily by increasing the sensitivity unt...

Page 19: ...t the signal level is maintained at 0 6 inch peak to peak until the amplifier gain is increased to the setting that results in the background noise being recorded at an amplitude of 1 8 inch This results in a record showing collars at an amplitude of 0 6 inch when strong collar signals are received When the collar signal level fades to the background noise level or less the collar trace and noise ...

Page 20: ... cases it is necessary to count the collars to the last discernible collar reflection signal and then extrapolate the count to the liquid level using the eleven point dividers set on the last collar spacing The total number of collars counted multiplied by the average tubing joint length results in the depth to the liquid level This assumes that the range of tubing joints is similar for all tubing...

Page 21: ...it from other signals such as signals from liners paraffin rings or liquid influx from perforations is to cause the liquid level to move The liquid level signal is the only signal that can move in a well and such movement identifies the liquid level A high fluid level can be depressed by increasing the casing pressure An increase of 10 psi in the casing pressure will depress a gas free liquid leve...

Page 22: ...lts The battery can be charged more often if desired Best operating performance will be obtained with battery temperatures from 0 to 120 degrees F 15 to 50 C The battery has less capacity and voltage at lower temperatures Temperature oF Temperature oC Battery Life Hours 104 40 4 77 24 3 5 32 0 3 4 20 2 The battery should be charged when the operating voltage printed on the strip chart drops to abo...

Page 23: ...rom fire and do not incinerate when disposing of battery it may explode 5 Under no circumstance should you attempt to open the battery case 6 Do not expose battery to moisture or rain 7 Do not drop hit or abuse the battery because it will break and may release electrolyte as well as expose cell contents which are corrosive 8 It is perfectly normal for the battery to become warm to the touch during...

Page 24: ...g the microphone cable in addition to the electronic circuits Connecting the microphone cable from the TEST connector and to INPUT connector will verify that the cable is not open or shorted out After checking the operation of the electronic circuits the microphone sensitivity should be checked Amplifiers Check This test verifies the proper response and gain of the liquid level and collars amplifi...

Page 25: ...internal and external corrosion deep external wrench marks improperly tightened cap bolts or worn threads Corrosion causes pitting and reduction in the strength of the remaining metal Any corrosion should be examined visually and depending on its severity the maximum working pressure of the gas gun should be reduced Marks and notches caused by pipe wrenches any type of bending or denting of the me...

Page 26: ...ressure of the gas gun should be reduced Marks and notches caused by pipe wrenches any type of bending or denting of the metal will cause a reduction in strength Derate the gas gun for any noticeable physical damage to the gas gun The stainless steel 2 inch line pipe thread on the housing will become worn after unprotected use For this reason a knurled microphone protector has been added to the gu...

Page 27: ...net at www echometer com Various versions of the programs are available for use in conjunction with DOS and Windows based computers The available programs include BHP and AWP in DOS for calculation of static and producing BHP AWP2000 for Windows 9x ME NT 2000 and XP for calculation of static and producing BHP can be downloaded for free from the Echometer Web page www echometer com The programs hav...

Page 28: ...hometer Company Model M Manual Phone 940 767 4334 5001 Ditto Lane Page 28 Fax 940 723 7507 Wichita Falls Texas 76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com 11 APPENDIX FIGURE 1a COMPACT GAS GUN ASSEMBLY DRAWING ...

Page 29: ...Echometer Company Model M Manual Phone 940 767 4334 5001 Ditto Lane Page 29 Fax 940 723 7507 Wichita Falls Texas 76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com FIGURE 1b REMOTE FIRE GAS GUN ASSEMBLY DRAWING ...

Page 30: ...76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com Panel shown is serial number 4999 and below FIGURE 2 ECHOMETER PANNEL On units above serial number 5000 the test traces at left are replaced by notation of SELF TEST PASS or FAIL FIGURE 3 INITIAL HEADER AND SYSTEM TEST SHOWN SCALE FIGURE 4 DATA INFORMATION FORM AND TIME STAMP ...

Page 31: ...Echometer Company Model M Manual Phone 940 767 4334 5001 Ditto Lane Page 31 Fax 940 723 7507 Wichita Falls Texas 76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com FIG 5 UPPER LOWER COLLARS ACCENTED ...

Page 32: ...Echometer Company Model M Manual Phone 940 767 4334 5001 Ditto Lane Page 32 Fax 940 723 7507 Wichita Falls Texas 76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com FIG 6 PROVE LIQUID LEVEL ...

Page 33: ...Echometer Company Model M Manual Phone 940 767 4334 5001 Ditto Lane Page 33 Fax 940 723 7507 Wichita Falls Texas 76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com Fig 7 WELL WITH LINER ...

Page 34: ...hometer Company Model M Manual Phone 940 767 4334 5001 Ditto Lane Page 34 Fax 940 723 7507 Wichita Falls Texas 76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com FIG 8 RECORDS OF COMPRESSION RAREFACTION INITIAL PULSE ...

Page 35: ...nses would be reversed COMPRESSION RESPONSE Downward kick The liquid level liners gas mandrels and other anomalies causing a reduction in casing annulus area will cause a reflected signal back to the surface that will be of the same type as the initial pulse which was a compression wave The direction of the initial pulse is downward when the top of the chart is to the operator s left RAREFRACTION ...

Page 36: ...s in the LOWER COLLARS position Internally an electrical pulse is applied to the input of the electronics so that the amplifiers filters microprocessor battery printhead and chart drive are tested The test patterns displayed below are recorded if the battery and electronics are operating properly The positions of the gain controls do not affect the recorded test patterns The battery voltage is als...

Page 37: ...Turn the POWER switch ON Verify that the SYSTEM TEST is as shown on the Amplifier and Filters Check in the Appendix Wait for the chart drive to stop Set the filter switch to UPPER COLLARS Then press the TEST button below the TEST connector Next set the filter switch to LOWER COLLARS Then press the TEST button again The following records should be obtained depending upon the position of the filter ...

Page 38: ... casing bleed valve must be closed Lifting the cocking arm closes the internal gas valve When testing the Remote Fire Gun close the gas valve by charging the volume chamber Be sure that the casing bleed valve is closed When testing the 5000 psi gun close the valve between the microphone and the volume chamber When testing the 15000 psi gun rotate the gas valve control knob until the internal gas v...

Page 39: ...d the point on the bottom scales corresponding to the producing rate read straight up until intersecting the line indicating the pipe sizes then read to the left to find fill up rate For over 100 BPD find the point on the bottom scale corresponding to 1 10 of the producing rate read up until intersecting the line indicating the pipe sizes then read to the left to find fill up rate and multiply by ...

Page 40: ...rst 600 feet or so However if the static reservoir pressure would support only 900 feet of liquid then the fill up rate would be reduced to one half by the time the well had filled with 600 feet of liquid The rate of fill up graph can be used to estimate the production rate of a well A first fluid level depth measurement is performed while the well is at normal producing conditions Then the well i...

Page 41: ... Gas becomes cold during use and can cause frostbite or other personal injury Metal parts of Cylinder can become extremely cold during use Protect hands and other parts of body from direct contact with metal parts of Cylinder during use Contains carbon dioxide gas under pressure Do not puncture or incinerate Cylinder Do not expose to heat or store at temperature above 170 degrees F 76 o C Keep out...

Page 42: ...sed the pressure will decline At 90o F the pressure in a full cylinder will be approximately 1100 psi The amount of CO2 in a cylinder is determined by weighing the cylinder containing the CO2 and then subtracting the weight of the empty cylinder which is shown on the cylinder Below 88o F the amount of CO2 in the cylinder cannot be estimated by measuring the pressure unless the pressure is less tha...

Page 43: ... ACOUSTIC LIQUID LEVEL DEPTH MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS Generally a pressure regulator should be used with N2 since the initial cylinder pressure is 2200 psi which is normally in excess of the wellhead pressure rating or the maximum rating of some of the pressure gauges During pressure buildup testing the pressure regulator should be set so that the pressure in the volume chamber will exceed the p...

Page 44: ...Echometer Company Model M Manual Phone 940 767 4334 5001 Ditto Lane Page 44 Fax 940 723 7507 Wichita Falls Texas 76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com FIG 9 CO2 CYLINDER W HOSE ...

Page 45: ...Echometer Company Model M Manual Phone 940 767 4334 5001 Ditto Lane Page 45 Fax 940 723 7507 Wichita Falls Texas 76302 U S A E Mail info echometer com FIG 10 Filler Connector for 7 5 OZ CO2 CYLINDER ...

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