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APPENDIX IV - Reference List
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3. Tyree, M.T., Patino, S.,Benink, J., Alexander, J., (1994).
Dynamic measurements of root hydraulic con-
ductance using a high-pressure flowmeter in the laboratory and field
. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 46, No. 282,
pp. 83 - 94.
A new high-pressure flowmeter (HPFM) is described that is capable of rapid water-flow measurements. This article de -
scribes the HPFM, presents the theory of dynamic flow measurements, discusses sources of error, presents evidence
that dynamic measurements of Kr in Ficus maclellandi (and six other tropical species from Panama) yield the correct
result, and demonstrates the use of the method under field conditions in Panama on Cecropia obtusifolia and Palicourea
guianensis.
51. Zotz, G., Tyree, M.T., Carlton, M.R., (1998).
Hydraulic architecture and water use of selected from a lower
montane forest in Panama
., Trees, No. 477, pp. 1 - 8.
Plant water relations of nine woody species were studied in a lower montane rain forest in Panama. This data provides
a partial test of the hypothesis that hydraulic architecture of lower montane species might limit transpiration and thus leaf
size or nutrient transport (as suggested by J. Cavelier and E.G. Leigh, respectively). Another objective of this study was a
comparison of two different methods to measure hydraulic conductance and leaf specific conductance of stem segments.
52. Tyree, M.T., 1997. The Cohesion-Tension theory of sap ascent: current controversies., Jou
r-
nal of Experimental Botany
, Vol. 48, No. 315, pp. 1753 - 1765.
In recent years, the Cohesion-Tension theory of sap ascent in plants has come under question
because of work published by Professor Ulrich Zimmermann and colleagues at the University of
Würzburg, Germany. The purpose of this review is to state the essential and testable elements
of the C-T theory, summarize the negative evidence for the C-T theory, and review critically the
positive evidence for the C-T theory and the evidence that the Scholander-Hammel pressure
bomb measures xylem pressure potential (Px) correctly, because much of the evidence for the
C-T theory depends on pressure bomb data.
55. Tsuda, Makoto and Tyree, M.T., (1997).
Whole-plant hydraulic resistance and
vulnerability segmentation in Acer saccharinum.,
Tree Physiology Vol. 17, pp. 351 - 357.
Hydraulic properties were studied in Acer sacharinum L., a riparian species that also grows well on a dry soil when trans-
planted. Hydraulic resistances were measured by two independent techniques: a new high-pressure flowmeter (HPFM)
method and a conventional evaporative flux (EF) method. Vulnerability to cavitation was also investigated on petioles,
stems and roots using hydraulic conductivity technique.
70. Tyree, M.T., Velez, Virginia, Dalling, J.W., (1998). Growth dynamics of roots and shoot hydraulic conduc-
tance in seedlings of five neotropical tree species: scaling to show possible adaptation to differing light regimes. Oecolgia
Vol. 114, pp. 293 - 298.
The dynamics of growth (shoot and root dry weights, surface areas, hydraulic conductances,
and root length) were measured in seedlings of five neotropical tree species aged 4-16 months. The species studied in -
cluded two light-demanding pioneers and three shade-tolerant young or old forest species. Growth analysis revealed that
shoot and root dry weights, hydraulic conductances and leaf area all increased exponentially with time. The advantages of
scaling hydraulic parameters to leaf surface area are discussed in terms of the Ohm’s law analogue ofwater flow in plants.
71. Tyree, M.T., Sobrado, M.A., Stratton, L.J. (1998).
Diversity of Hydraulic conductance in leaves of temperate and
tropical species: Possible causes and consequences
. Journal of Tropical Forest Science.
Liquid-flow-pathway hydraulic conductances (Kl) were measured in leaves of 24 species of temperate and tropical plants.
Whole shoot conductances were measured by transient (Kl) and quasi-steady state(Kq) methods.Implications of low leaf
conductances on the measurement of xylem pressure potential with a Scholander-Hammel pressure bomb are also discussed.