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Casio fx-7400G, User Manual

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52

Graphing

Chapter 4

3. Graph Function Operations

You can store up to 10 functions in memory. Functions in memory can be edited,
recalled, and graphed. The types of functions that can be stored in memory are:
rectangular coordinate functions, parametric functions, and inequalities.

k

k

k

k

k

Specifying the Graph Type

Before you can store a graph function in memory, you must first specify its graph
type.

1. While the Graph Function Menu is on the display, press 

[

 to display a Graph

Type Menu.

[

1

 (Y =) ......... Rectangular coordinate graph

2

 (Parm) ...... Parametric graph

[

1

 (Y >) ......... Y > 

f 

(

x

) inequality

2

 (Y <) ......... Y < 

f 

(

x

) inequality

3

 (Y 

#

) ......... Y 

>

 

f 

(

x

) inequality

4

 

(

Y 

$

) ......... Y 

<

 

f 

(

x

) inequality

Press 

[

 to return to the previous menu

2. Press the function key that corresponds to the graph type you want to specify.

k

k

k

k

k

Storing Graph Functions

u

u

u

u

u

To store a rectangular coordinate function (Y =)

  Example

To store the following expression in memory area Y1:

y

 = 2 

x

2

 – 5

[

1

(Y =)

(Specifies rectangular coordinate
expression.)

c

T

x

-f

(Inputs expression.)

w

(Stores expression.)

1

2

3

4

[

1

2

3

4

[

Summary of Contents for fx-7400G

Page 1: ..._ Min Min Else Else_ Xscl Xscl Scat Scatter Max Max I End IfEnd FACT xy xyLine Mean Mean Xfct Xfct Med Median For For_ Yfct Yfct Hist Hist To _To_ STAT Box MedBox Sum Sum_ Step _Step_ X N Dis N Dist CALC Next Next n n Simp Simp o o Int _Int _ W End While_ x x X Linear Rmdr _Rmdr_ Whle WhileEnd x2 x2 Med Med Med STAT Do Do x n x n X 2 Quad x x Lp W LpWhile_ y y CTL x n 1 x n 1 Log Log Prog Prog_ mi...

Page 2: ... battery compartment cover on the back of the calculator in the direction noted in the illustration and remove it 2 Load the two batteries that come with calculator Make sure that the positive and negative ends of the batteries are facing correctly 3 Slide the battery compartment cover back into place and then press the RESET button on the back of the calculator with a thin pointed object When you...

Page 3: ...lect the CONT icon and press w or simply press hto display the contrast adjustment screen 7 Press d to make the figure on the screen lighter or e to make them darker 8 After getting the contrast the way you want it press m to return to the main menu ...

Page 4: ...Getting Acquainted Read This First 1 Chapter Important notes Notes Reference pages The symbols in this manual indicate the following messages P 000 ...

Page 5: ...single variable stand ard deviation and paired variable regression sta tistical calculations and to draw statistical graphs Use this mode for storing and editing numeric data Use this mode to store graph functions and to draw graphs using the functions Use this mode to store functions to generate a numeric table of different solutions as the values assigned to variables in a function change and to...

Page 6: ...also enter a mode without highlighting an icon in the Main Menu by inputting the number marked in the lower right corner of the icon When you enter a mode up to four function key menu items appear at the bottom of the display Each menu item corresponds to the function key 1 2 3 4 that is below the item Some function menus have multiple pages When this happens you should press to advance to the nex...

Page 7: ...Key Table Alpha Lock Normally once you press a and then a key to input an alphabetic char acter the keyboard reverts to its primary functions immediately If you press and then a the keyboard locks in alpha input until you press a again ...

Page 8: ...quainted Chapter 1 Page 55 6 6 45 23 24 15 31 31 23 31 38 31 31 17 31 31 31 130 2 16 30 17 60 30 17 18 17 60 14 80 14 60 16 80 14 21 20 31 30 30 80 30 30 21 30 7 Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 31 ...

Page 9: ...ings Color Key Operation Orange Press and then the key to perform the marked function Red Press aand then the key to perform the marked function 4 Selecting Modes k k k k k Using the Set Up Screen The first thing that appears when you enter a mode is the mode s set up screen which shows the current status of settings for the mode The following procedure shows how to change a set up u u u u uTo cha...

Page 10: ...eturn to the initial screen of the mode k k k k k Set Up Screen Function Key Menus This section details the settings you can make using the function keys in the set up display u u u u uGraph Function Type F Type 1 Y Rectangular coordinate graphs 2 Parm Parametric coordinate graphs 1 Y y f x inequality graph 2 Y y f x inequality graph 3 Y y f x inequality graph 4 Y y f x inequality graph Press to r...

Page 11: ...u u uGraph Function Display G Func 1 On Turns on display of function during graph drawing and trace 2 Off Turns off display of function during graph drawing and trace u u u u uSimultaneous Graph Mode Simul G 1 On Turns on simultaneous graphing of all functions in memory 2 Off Simultaneous graphing off graphs drawn one by one u u u u uTable Graph Generation Settings Var 1 RANG Table generation and ...

Page 12: ...xt display and a graphic display The text display can show 13 columns and six lines of characters with the bottom line used for the function key menu while the graph display uses an area that measures 79 W 47 H dots Text Display Graph Display k k k k k About Menu Item Types This calculator uses certain conventions to indicate the type of result you can expect when you press a function key Next Men...

Page 13: ...time you perform the above operation There is no display indicator to show you which expo nential display range is currently in effect but you can always check it by seeing what results the following calculation produces Ab caaw Norm 1 Norm 2 All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using Norm 1 For full details about the Display see Selecting Value Display Modes u u u u uHow to...

Page 14: ... Screen Whenever the calculator is busy drawing a graph or executing a long complex calcu lation or program a black box k flashes in the upper right corner of the display This black box tells you that the calculator is performing an internal operation 6 Contrast Adjustment Adjust the contrast whenever objects on the display appear dim or difficult to see u u u u uTo display the contrast adjustment...

Page 15: ...e exponential display range Norm 1 or Norm 2 that you want to use 5 Now enter the correct mode and perform your calculation again monitoring the results on the display k k k k k Low Battery Message The low battery message appears while the main battery power is below a certain level whenever you press o to turn power on or m to display the Main Menu o or m About 3 seconds later If you continue usi...

Page 16: ... as well as calculations in volving scientific functions 1 Addition and Subtraction 2 Multiplication 3 Division 4 Quotient and Remainder Division 5 Mixed Calculations 6 Other Useful Calculation Features 7 Using Variables 8 Fraction Calculations 9 Selecting Value Display Modes 10 Scientific Function Calculations Chapter 2 ...

Page 17: ...braic logic Be sure to press A to clear the display before starting a new calculation 2 Multiplication Example 3 71 4 27 Ad hb e chw The range of this calculator is 9 99999999 1099 to 9 99999999 1099 3 Division Example 64 4 Age ew Parentheses also come in handy when performing division For full details on using parentheses see Parentheses Calculation Priority Sequence P 17 ...

Page 18: ...n produce either the quotient or the quotient and remainder of division operations involving two integers Use K to display the Option Menu for the function key menu you need to perform quotient and remainder division Operation Use the RUN Mode for quotient and remainder division Quotient Division integer K2 CALC 2 Int integer w Reminder Division integer K2 CALC 3 Rmdr integer w u u u u uTo perform...

Page 19: ...ient calculations Remember that you can use only integers in remainder division operations You cannot use expressions such as 2 or sin60 because their results have a decimal part Quotient and remainder division can also be used with lists to divide a multiple integers by each other in a single operation 5 Mixed Calculations 1 Mixed Arithmetic Calculation Priority Sequence For mixed arithmetic calc...

Page 20: ...w Any closing parentheses at the end of a calculation can be omitted no matter how many there are Parentheses are always closed in the operation examples presented in this manual 3 Negative Values Use the key to input negative values Example 56 12 2 5 Afg bc c fw 4 Exponential Expressions Use the E key to input exponents Example 4 5 1075 2 3 10 79 Ae fEhf c d E hjw The above shows what would appea...

Page 21: ...he Answer Memory which means you can recall the results of the last calculation you performed at any time u u u u uTo recall Answer Memory contents Press and then K which is the shifted function of the key This operation is represented as K throughout this manual Example To perform 3 56 8 41 and then divide 65 38 by the result Ad fg i ebw gf di Kw 2 Consecutive Calculations If the result of the la...

Page 22: ... e to move it right and d to move it left u u u u uTo use Replay to change an expression Example To calculate 4 12 6 4 and then change the calculation to 4 12 7 1 Ae bc g ew d dddh bw Multi Replay Pressing A and then f or c sequentially recalls and displays past calculations 4 Error Recovery Whenever an error message appears on the display press d or e to re display the expression with the cursor ...

Page 23: ... change and then perform one of the operations described below After you edit the calculation you can execute it by pressing w or use e to move to the end of the calculation and input more u u u u uTo change a step Example To change cos60 to sin60 cga ddd s u u u u uTo delete a step Example To change 369 2 to 369 2 dgj c ddD u u u u uTo insert a step Example To change 2 362 to sin2 362 c dgx ...

Page 24: ... through Z are available for assignment of numeric values Variable contents are retained even when you turn the calculator off Note that when you assign a value to a variable the calculator assigns its 15 digit internal value u u u u uTo assign a value to a variable Operation value or expression aa variable name A to Z Example 1 To assign 1024 to variable A AbaceaaAw Example 2 To display the conte...

Page 25: ...mple To assign the result of 2 to variables A B C D and E A 9caaAa3 aEw u u u u uTo clear the contents of all variables In the Main Menu select the MEM icon and press w Select Memory Usage w Press c to scroll the display until Alpha is highlighted ccccccc 1 DEL Press 1 YES to clear all variables or 4 NO to abort the clear operation without clearing anything 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 ...

Page 26: ...per Fraction or Improper Fraction Input numerator value denominator value Mixed Fraction Input integer value numerator value denominator value Example To input 3 Press d b e Note that the maximum size of a fractional value is 10 digits counting the integer numerator and denominator digits and separator symbols Any value longer than 10 digits is automatically converted to its equivalent decimal val...

Page 27: ...ample to an improper fraction and then back to a proper fraction The calculator automatically reduces the results of fraction calculations You can use the procedure described under Changing the Fraction Simplification Mode below to specify manual fraction simplification u u u u uTo perform a mixed decimal and fraction calculation Example 5 2 Af c b fw The result of a calculation that mixes fractio...

Page 28: ...tion Menu to simplify fractions You can let the calculator select the divisor to use for simplification or you can specify a divisor u u u u uTo simplify using the calculator s divisor Operation Perform calculations after selecting the RUN icon in the Main Menu to enter the RUN Mode To display the simplification menu K2 CALC To select automatic simplification 1 Simp w To specify the divisor for si...

Page 29: ...n 1 Simp w Try once again 1 Simp w This display indicates that further simplification is impossible u u u u uTo simplify using your own divisor Example To perform the above calculation and then specify 9 as the divisor to use for simplification 1 Simp jw If the value you specify is invalid as a divisor for simplification the calculator automatically uses the lowest possible divisor 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4...

Page 30: ...use the f and c keys to highlight Display u u u u u To specify the number of decimal places Fix 1 While the set up screen is on the display press 1 Fix 2 Press the function key that corresponds to the number of decimal places you want to set 0 to 9 Press to display the next menu of numbers Example To specify two decimal places 1 Fix 3 2 Press the function key that corresponds to the number of deci...

Page 31: ... change the Norm Mode setting u u u u u To specify the exponential display range Norm 1 Norm 2 Press 3 Norm to switch between Norm 1 and Norm 2 Norm 1 10 2 0 01 x x 1010 Norm 2 10 9 0 000000001 x x 1010 10 Scientific Function Calculations Use the RUN Mode to perform calculations that involve trigonometric functions and other types of scientific functions 1 Trigonometric Functions Before performing...

Page 32: ...ld check the set up screen to find out what the current angle unit setting is k k k k k Converting Between Angle Units You can use the following procedure to input a value using an angle unit that is not the current default angle unit Then when you press w the value will be converted to the default angle unit u u u u uTo convert between angle units Example To convert 4 25 radians to degrees while ...

Page 33: ...ns Zcc2 Rad Q b c 7 d w Result 2 Example 3 tan 35grad Default angle unit Grads Zcc3 Gra Q t dfw Result 0 6128007881 2 Logarithmic and Exponential Function Calculations A base 10 logarithm common logarithm is normally written as log10 or log A base e logarithm natural logarithm is normally written as loge or ln Note that certain publications use log to refer to base e logarithms so you must take ca...

Page 34: ...43652 Example 4 To calculate the anti logarithm of natural logarithm 4 5 e4 5 ee fw Result 90 0171313 Example 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 d Mew Result 81 Example 6 7 123 h qbcdw Result 1 988647795 3 Other Functions Example Operation Display 3 65028154 92 95w 3 65028154 2 5 3 2 3 3 9 3 xw 9 32 3 3 9 3xw 9 3 X 4 X Xw 12 8 1 2 3 8 40320 8K4 PROB 1 x w 40320 3 42 36 42 49 w 42 36 42 49 Random number generation K4 P...

Page 35: ...er K 1 NUM 1 Intg not exceeding 3 5 3 5w 4 When a Fix number of decimal places or Sci number of significant digits is in effect Rnd rounds the value used for internal calculations in accordance with the current Fix or Sci specification In effect this makes the internal value match the displayed value 4 Coordinate Conversion u u u u u Rectangular Coordinates u u u u u Polar Coordinates With polar c...

Page 36: ...alculate the possible number of different combinations of 4 items that can be selected from among 10 items Formula Operation Display 10C4 210 10K4 PROB 3 nCr 4w 210 6 Other Things to Remember k k k k k Multiplication Sign You can leave out the multiplication sign in any of the following cases In front of the following scientific functions sin cos tan sin 1 cos 1 tan 1 log In 10x ex 3 Pol x y Rec r...

Page 37: ...s x 4 Fraction input ab c 5 Multiplication operations where the multiplication sign before or a variable is omitted 2 5A 3sinx etc 6 Type B functions function followed by value input 3 log In ex 10x sin cos tan sin 1 cos 1 tan 1 Dim Sum 7 Multiplication operations where the multiplication sign before a scientific func tion is omitted 2 3 Alog2 etc 8 Permutation nPr combination nCr 9 Multiplication...

Page 38: ...revious statement Example 123 456 5 Invalid k k k k k Stacks When the calculator performs a calculation it temporarily stores certain information in memory areas called a stacks where it can later recall the information when it is necessary There are actually two stacks a 10 level numeric stack and a 26 level command stack The following example shows how data is stored in the stacks A calculation ...

Page 39: ...rror The calculation being performed caused the capacity of one of the stacks to be exceeded Syn ERROR Syntax Error An attempt to use an illegal syntax Arg ERROR Argument Error An attempt to use an illegal argument with a scientific function Dim ERROR Dimension Error An attempt to perform an operation with two or more lists when the dimensions of the lists do not match In addition to the above the...

Page 40: ...ed for storage of each type of data The following table shows all of the data types that appear on the memory status screen Data type Meaning Program Program data Stat Statistical calculations and graphs List List data Y Graph functions Draw Graph drawing conditions View Window enlargement reduction factor graph screen V Win View Window memory data Table Table Graph data Alpha Alpha memory data k ...

Page 41: ...s Table Graph table range and table contents To recall variable data press J to display the variable data menu J 1 V WIN View Window values 2 FACT x and y axis enlargement reduction factor 1 STAT Single paired variable statistical data 2 GRPH Graph functions stored in the GRAPH Mode 3 TABL Table Graph function table range and table contents Press to return to the previous menu u u u u uTo recall V...

Page 42: ... while the variable data menu is on the screen displays an en largement reduction factor menu 2 FACT 1 Xfct x axis enlargement reduction factor 2 Yfct y axis enlargement reduction factor u u u u uTo recall single paired variable statistical data Pressing and then 1 STAT while the variable data menu is on the screen displays a statistical data menu 1 STAT 1 X Single paired variable x data menu 2 Y ...

Page 43: ...minX x data minimum value 4 maxX x data maximum value Press to return to the previous menu The following menu appears whenever you press 2 Y while the statistical data menu is on the display 2 Y 1 p Mean of y data 2 y Sum of y data 3 y2 y data sum of squares 4 xy x data and y data sum of products 1 y n y data population standard deviation 2 y n 1 y data sample standard deviation 3 minY y data mini...

Page 44: ...f input data 3 Q3 Third quartile 4 Mod Mode of input data Press to return to the previous menu The following menu appears whenever you press 4 PTS while the statistical data menu is on the display 4 PTS 1 x1 4 y2 Coordinates of summary points 1 x3 2 y3 Coordinates of summary points Press to return to the previous menu u u u u uTo recall graph functions Pressing and then 2 GRPH while the variable d...

Page 45: ...or inequality function 2 Xt Parametric graph function Xt 3 Yt Parametric graph function Yt u u u u uTo recall Table Graph table range and table content data Pressing and then 3 TABL while the variable data menu is on the screen displays a Table Graph data menu 3 TABL 1 Strt Table range start value F Start command 2 End Table range end value F End command 3 Pitch Table value increment F Pitch comma...

Page 46: ...Differential Calculations Chapter 3 ...

Page 47: ...sible this unit employs central difference to perform differential calculations The following illustrates central difference The slopes of point a and point a x and of point a and point a x in function y f x are as follows In the above y x is called the forward difference while y x is the backward difference To calculate derivatives the unit takes the average between the value of y x and y x there...

Page 48: ...ly X can be used as a variable in expressions Other vari ables A through Z are treated as constants and the value currently assigned to that variable is applied during the calculation Input of x and the closing parenthesis can be omitted If you omit x the calcu lator automatically uses a value for x that is appropriate for the value of x a which you specified as the point for which you wanted to d...

Page 49: ...ulations Chapter 3 Pressing A during calculation of a differential while the cursor is not shown on the display interrupts the calculation Always perform trigonometric differentials using radians Rad Mode as the angle unit ...

Page 50: ... is capable of drawing the following types of graphs Rectangular coordinate Y graphs Parametric graphs Inequality graphs A selection of graph commands also makes it possible to incorpo rate graphing into programs 1 Before Trying to Draw a Graph 2 View Window V Window Settings 3 Graph Function Operations 4 Drawing Graphs Manually 5 Other Graphing Functions Chapter 4 ...

Page 51: ...ecify the range of the x and y axes and to set the spac ing between the increments on each axis You should always set the View Window parameters you want to use before drawing a graph Press 3 to display the View Window 1 Press 3 to display the View Window 3 V Window 1 INIT View Window initial settings 2 TRIG View Window initial settings using specified angle unit 3 Sto Store View Window settings t...

Page 52: ... each of these parameters 3 Input a value for a parameter and pressw The calculator automatically selects the next parameter for input There are actually nine View Window parameters The remaining three param eters appear on the display when you move the highlighting down past the Y scale parameter by inputting values and pressing c Tmin T minimum values Tmax T maximum values Tptch T pitch The foll...

Page 53: ...ndow setting does not allow display of the axes the scale for the y axis is indicated on either the left or right edge of the display while that for the x axis is indicated on either the top or bottom edge When View Window values are changed the graph display is cleared and the newly set axes only are displayed View Window setting may cause irregular scale spacing Setting maximum and minimum value...

Page 54: ...u uTo save View Window settings While the View Window setting screen is on the display press 3 Sto to save the current settings Whenever you save View Window settings any settings previously stored in memory are replaced u u u u uTo recall View Window settings While the View Window setting screen is on the display press4 Rcl to recall the View Window settings stored in memory Whenever you recall V...

Page 55: ...ile the Graph Function Menu is on the display press to display a Graph Type Menu 1 Y Rectangular coordinate graph 2 Parm Parametric graph 1 Y Y f x inequality 2 Y Y f x inequality 3 Y Y f x inequality 4 Y Y f x inequality Press to return to the previous menu 2 Press the function key that corresponds to the graph type you want to specify k k k k k Storing Graph Functions u u u u uTo store a rectang...

Page 56: ... memory areas Xt2 and Yt2 x 3 sin T y 3 cos T 2 Parm Specifies parametric expression dsTw Inputs and stores x expression dcTw Inputs and stores y expression You will not be able to store the expression in an area that already contains a rectangular coordinate expression or inequality Select another area to store your expression or delete the existing expression first u u u u uTo store an inequalit...

Page 57: ...a that contains the function you want to delete 2 Press 2 DEL 3 Press 1 YES to delete the function for 4 NO to abort the procedure with out deleting anything k k k k k Drawing a Graph Before actually drawing a graph you should first make the draw non draw status u u u u uTo specify the draw non draw status of a graph You can specify which functions out of those stored in memory should be used for ...

Page 58: ...e to be too large relative to the differential be tween the min and max settings If the settings you make cause the pitch value to be too small relative to the differential between the min and max settings on the other hand the graph will take a very long time to draw 4 Drawing Graphs Manually After you select the RUN icon in the Main Menu and enter the RUN Mode you can draw graphs manually First ...

Page 59: ... 4 Use the following View Window parameters Xmin 5 Ymin 10 Xmax 5 Ymax 10 Xscl 2 Yscl 5 1 In the set up screen specify the appropriate graph type for F Type Z1 Y Q 2 Input the rectangular coordinate Y expression A 4 SKTCH 1 Cls w 2 GRPH 1 Y cTx dT e 3 Press w to draw the graph w You can draw graphs of the following built in scientific functions sin x cos x tan x sin 1 x cos 1 x tan 1 x x2 log x ln...

Page 60: ...w Window parameters Xmin 20 Ymin 12 Xmax 20 Ymax 12 Xscl 5 Yscl 5 Tmin 0 Tmax 2 Tptch 36 1 In the set up screen specify the appropriate graph type for F Type Z2 Parm 2 Set the default angle unit to radians Rad cc2 Rad Q 3 Input the parametric functions A 4 SKTCH 1 Cls w 2 GRPH 2 Parm hcT ccdT hsT csdT 4 Press w to draw the graph w u u u u uTo graph inequalities You can graph inequalities that can ...

Page 61: ...Graphing Functions The functions described in this section tell you how to read thex and y coordinates at a given point and how to zoom in and zoom out on a graph These functions can be used with rectangular coordinate parametric and in equality graphs only k k k k k Connect Type and Plot Type Graphs D Type You can use the D Type setting of the set up screen to specify one of two graph types Conne...

Page 62: ...aph Inequality Graph u u u u uTo use trace to read coordinates Example To determine the points of intersection for graphs produced by the following functions Y1 y x2 3 Y2 y x 2 Use the following View Window parameters Xmin 5 Ymin 10 Xmax 5 Ymax 10 Xscl 1 Yscl 2 1 After drawing the graphs press 1 TRCE to make the pointer appear at the far left of the graph 1 TRCE The pointer may not be visible on t...

Page 63: ... tracing You cannot scroll parametric function graphs Trace can be used only immediately after a graph is drawn It cannot be used after changing the settings of a graph You cannot incorporate trace into a program You can use trace on a graph that was drawn as the result of an output com mand which is indicated by the Disp indicator on the screen k k k k k Scroll You can scroll a graph along its x ...

Page 64: ...cifies graph type aATx d aA d b b w Stores expression 4 DRAW or w Draws graph The function that is input using the above syntax can have only one variable You cannot use X Y or T as the variable name You cannot assign a variable to the variable in the function When the set up screen s Simul G item is set to On the graphs for all the vari ables are drawn simultaneously 1 2 3 4 P 8 ...

Page 65: ...3 IN Enlarges graph using zoom factors 4 OUT Reduces graph using zoom factors 1 ORIG Original size Press to return to the previous menu u u u u uTo use box zoom With box zoom you draw a box on the display to specify a portion of the graph and then enlarge the contents of the box Example To use box zoom to enlarge a portion of the graph y x 5 x 4 x 3 Use the following View Window parameters Xmin 8 ...

Page 66: ...ide the box is immediately enlarged so it fills the entire screen w To return to the original graph press 2 ZOOM 1 ORIG Nothing happens if you try to locate the second corner at the same location or directly above the first corner You can use box zoom for any type of graph u u u u uTo use factor zoom With factor zoom you can zoom in or zoom out on the display with the current pointer location bein...

Page 67: ...tion that you want to be the center of the new display d d f f 3 Press 2 FACT to display the factor specification screen and input the factor for the x and y axes 2 FACT fwfw 4 Press Q to return to the graphs and then press 3 IN to enlarge them Q3 IN This enlarged screen makes it clear that the graphs of the two expressions are not tangential Note that the above procedure can also be used to reduc...

Page 68: ...ogram Factor X factor Y factor You can use factor zoom for any type of graph k k k k k Sketch Function The sketch function lets you draw lines and graphs on an existing graph Note that Sketch function operation in the STAT GRAPH or TABLE Mode is different from Sketch function operation in the RUN or PRGM Mode u u u u uBefore using the Sketch Function Press 4 SKTCH to display the sketch menu In the...

Page 69: ...are the View Window parameters used when drawing the graph Xmin 5 Ymin 5 Xmax 5 Ymax 5 Xscl 1 Yscl 1 u u u u uTo plot points In the STAT GRAPH or TABLE Mode Example To plot a point on the graph of y x x 2 x 2 1 After graphing the function display the sketch menu and perform the following operation to cause the pointer to appear on the graph screen 4 SKTCH 3 Plot 2 Use the cursor keys f c d e to mo...

Page 70: ...rform the following operation 4 SKTCH 1 Cls w 3 Plot c c 2 Press w ww You can use the cursor keys f c d e to move the pointer around the screen If you do not specify coordinates the pointer is located in the center of the graph screen when it appears on the display If the coordinates you specify are outside the range of the View Window pa rameters the pointer will not be on the graph screen when i...

Page 71: ...er graphing the function display the sketch menu and perform the following operation to cause the pointer to appear on the graph screen 4 SKTCH 3 Plot 2 Use the cursor keys f c d e to move the pointer to one of the points of inflection and press w to plot it d df f w 3 Use the cursor keys to move the pointer to the other point of inflection e ec c 4 Display the sketch menu and perform the followin...

Page 72: ...nd perform the following operation to draw a straight line between the two points u 4 SKTCH 4 Line w The above draws a straight line between the current pointer location and the previous pointer location u u u u uTo draw vertical and horizontal lines The procedures presented here draw vertical and horizontal lines that pass through a specific coordinate In the STAT GRAPH or TABLE Mode Example To d...

Page 73: ...zontal lines in these modes To draw a vertical line Vertical x coordinate To draw a horizontal line Horizontal y coordinate u u u u uTo clear drawn lines and points The following operation clears all drawn lines and points from the screen In the STAT GRAPH or TABLE Mode Lines and points drawn using sketch menu functions are temporary Display the sketch menu and press 1 Cls to clear drawn lines and...

Page 74: ... different modes You can specify the range and increment of values assigned to variables for table value generation You can assign list values to variables In addition to graphing of stored functions you can also plot table values generated by Table Graph itself Table values can be assigned to a list 1 Storing a Function 2 Deleting a Function 3 Assigning Values to a Variable 4 Generating a Numeric...

Page 75: ...ting in the TABLE Mode function list to the memory area where you want to store the function Next input the function and press w to store it 2 Deleting a Function Use f and c to move the highlighting to the memory area that contains the function you want to delete Press 2 DEL Press 1 YES to delete the selected function or 4 NO to abort the delete operation without deleting anything The procedures ...

Page 76: ...les and return to the function storage screen press Q u u u u uTo assign values from a list Press Z to display the set up screen Z If necessary you can press to display a menu of other lists 4 5 6 The follow ing shows the operation required to select List 6 3 List6 After making the set up screen setting you want pressQ to return to the Function List Note that the RANG item does not appear in the f...

Page 77: ...or function Y3 were also generated Each cell can hold up to six digits negative sign takes up one digit You can move the cursor around the table using the cursor f c d e keys The following points apply to cursor position and movement The value contained in the currently selected cell appears at the bottom of the display with all current display attributes number of decimal place number of signific...

Page 78: ... new line below line where cursor is located 6 Graphing a Function You can use the two following function keys to produce a graph using the numeric table currently on the screen 3 G CON Graph with connected plot points 4 G PLT Graph with plotted points unconnected Note that you can also produce a G PLT 4 graph by pressing w while a numeric table is on the screen Example To graph the function Y1 2X...

Page 79: ...n the graph and its table as long as you do not clear the graph 7 Assigning Numeric Table Contents to a List You can assign a column of values from a table into a list Simply use d and e to move the cursor into the column whose values you want to copy The cursor can be in any row of the column The copy operation is performed by pressing K to dis play the Option Menu and then pressing 2 LMEM K1 LIS...

Page 80: ...atistical calcula tions and for graphing 1 List Operations 2 Editing and Rearranging Lists 3 Manipulating List Data 4 Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists 6 Chapter Element number Display range Cell List name Column List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4 List 5 List 6 1 56 1 107 3 5 4 0 2 37 2 75 6 0 0 3 21 4 122 2 1 0 0 4 69 8 87 4 4 2 0 5 40 16 298 3 0 0 6 48 32 48 6 8 3 0 7 93 64 338 2 9 0 8 30 128 49 8 7 ...

Page 81: ...ation List internal operations a w Graphing with list data Example Y1 List 1X Table LIST Copying table result to a list K 1 LIST 2 LMEM Specific selected data can be copied to a list List data can be assigned to a variable for generation of a table defined using set up screen Chapter 6 List Function ...

Page 82: ... move between lists and f and c to move between cells inside of a list The screen automatically scrolls when the cursor is located at the edge of the screen For our example we will start by locating the cursor in Cell 1 of List 1 1 Input a value and press w to store it in the list dw 2 The cursor automatically moves down to the next cell for input Let s continue our example by inputting the values...

Page 83: ...e final value g h i 4 Press w to store all of the values in your list w Remember that a comma separates values so you should not input a comma after the final value of the set you are inputting Right 34 53 78 Wrong 34 53 78 2 Editing and Rearranging Lists k k k k k Editing List Values u u u u uTo change a cell value Use d or e to move the cursor to the cell whose value you want to change Input the...

Page 84: ...everything below it to be shifted up 1 DEL Note that the above cell delete operation does not affect cells in other lists If the data in the list whose cell you delete is somehow related to the data in neighboring lists deleting a cell can cause related values to become misaligned u u u u uTo delete all cells in a list 1 Use d e f or c to move the cursor to the name of the list whose cells you wan...

Page 85: ...4 NO to abort the delete operation without deleting anything 1 YES u u u u uTo insert a new cell Use d e f or c to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the new cell In this example we will reinsert a cell containing the value 4 which we deleted above 1 Press to display the Cell Operation Menu if it is not already displayed 2 Press 3 INS to insert a new cell which contains a val...

Page 86: ...ither ascending order or descending order The current cur sor location does not matter in the following procedures u u u u uTo sort a single list Ascending order 1 While the lists are on the screen press to display the Operation Menu and then press 1 SRT A 1 SRT A 2 The prompt How Many Lists H appears to ask how many lists you want to sort Here we will input 1 to indicate we want to sort only one ...

Page 87: ...e screen press 1 SRT A 1 SRT A 2 The prompt How Many Lists H appears to ask how many lists you want to sort Here we will sort one base list linked to one other list so we should input 2 cw 3 In response to the Select Base List B prompt input the number of the list you want to sort into ascending order Here we will specify List 1 bw 4 In response to the Select Second List L prompt input the number ...

Page 88: ...alculate the median of values in a list Med Calculate the median of values of specifies frequency Med Calculate the sum of values in a list Sum You can use list data manipulation functions in the RUN STAT LIST TABLE or PRGM Mode k k k k k Accessing the List Data Manipulation Function Menu All of the following examples are performed after entering the RUN Mode Press K and then 1 LIST This menu has ...

Page 89: ...ers Seq K 1 LIST 1 Seq expression variable name start value end value pitch w The result of this operation is also stored in Ans Memory Example To input the number sequence 12 62 112 into a list Use the following settings Variable x Starting value 1 Ending value 11 Pitch 5 AK1 LIST 1 Seq Tx T b bb f w Specifying an ending value of 12 13 14 or 15 produces the same result as shown above because all ...

Page 90: ... List list number 1 6 w The two lists must contain the same number of values If they don t an error Dim ERROR occurs The result of this operation is also stored in Ans Memory Example To find whether List 1 75 16 98 46 56 or List 2 36 89 58 72 67 contains the smallest value AK1 LIST 2 Min 1 List b 1 List c w u u u u uTo find which of two lists contains the greatest value Max Use the same procedure ...

Page 91: ...ted by List 2 75 89 98 72 67 AK1 LIST 4 Mean 1 List b 1 List c w u u u u uTo calculate the median of values in a list Med K 1 LIST 1 Med 1 List list number 1 6 w Example To calculate the median of values in List 1 36 16 58 46 56 AK1 LIST 1 Med 1 List b w u u u u uTo calculate the median of values of specified frequency Med This procedure uses two lists one that contains values and one that contain...

Page 92: ...ts performs the operation between corresponding cells Because of this a Dim ERROR occurs if the two lists do not have the same number of values which means they have different dimensions An Ma ERROR occurs whenever an operation involving any two cells generates a mathematical error k k k k k Inputting a List into a Calculation There are two methods you can use to input a list into a calculation u ...

Page 93: ...e contents of one list to another list Use a to assign the contents of one list to another list Example 1 To assign the contents of List 3 to List 1 K1 LIST 1 List da1 List bw In place of 1 List d operation in the above procedure you could input e b gf cc Example 2 To assign the list in Ans Memory to List 1 K1 LIST 1 List Ka1 List bw u u u u uTo input a single list cell value into a calculation Yo...

Page 94: ...the list contents in Ans Memory by 36 K1 LIST 1 List K dgw The operation K 1 LIST 1 List K recalls Ans Memory contents This operation replaces current Ans Memory contents with the result of the above calculation k k k k k Graphing a Function Using a List When using the graphing functions of this calculator you can input a function such as Y1 List1 X If List 1 contains the values 1 2 3 this functio...

Page 95: ...in Ans Memory 41 Example 1 To use List 3 65 to perform sin List 3 22 Use radians as the angle unit sK1 LIST 1 List dw 0 158 The resulting list 0 8268 is stored in Ans Memory 8E 3 In place of the 1 List doperation in the above procedure you could input eb gf cc 1 4 Example 2 To use List 1 2 and List 2 5 to perform List 1List 2 3 6 List1MList2w This creates a list with the results of 14 25 36 1 The ...

Page 96: ...ulating and Graphing Paired Variable Statistical Data 5 Manual Graphing 6 Performing Statistical Calculations Chapter 7 Important This chapter contains a number of graph screen shots In each case new data values were input in order to highlight the particular characteristics of the graph being drawn Note that when you try to draw a similar graph the unit uses data values that you have input using ...

Page 97: ... INS Insert data item Press to return to the previous menu The procedures you should use for data editing are identical to those you use with the list function For details see Chapter 6 List Function 2 Statistical Calculation Examples Once you input data you can use it to produce a graph and check for tendencies You can also use a variety of different regression calculations to analyze the data Ex...

Page 98: ... use Graph 3 to plot the data you input into statistical data List 1 and List 2 above While the statistical data list is on the display press 1 GRPH to display the graph menu 1 GRPH 1 GPH1 Graph 1 draw 2 GPH2 Graph 2 draw 3 GPH3 Graph 3 draw 1 SEL Graph GPH1 GPH2 GPH3 selection 4 SET Graph settings graph type list assignments Press to return to the previous menu You can specify the graph draw non ...

Page 99: ...int on the scatter diagram To return to the statistical data list press Q k k k k k Changing Graph Parameters Use the following procedures to specify the graph draw non draw status the graph type and other general settings for each of the graphs in the graph menu GPH1 GPH2 GPH3 1 Graph draw non draw status SELECT The following procedure can be used to specify the draw On non draw Off status of eac...

Page 100: ...initial default statistical data is List 1 for single variable data and List 1 and List 2 for paired variable data You can specify which statistical data list you want to use for x data and y data Frequency Normally each data item or data pair in the statistical data list is represented on a graph as a point When you are working with a large number of data items however this can cause problems bec...

Page 101: ...atGraph area 1 While the general graph settings screen is on the display use f and c to move the highlighting to the StatGraph item 2 Use the function key menu to select the StatGraph area you want to select 1 GPH1 Graph 1 2 GPH2 Graph 2 3 GPH3 Graph 3 u u u u uTo select the graph type G Type 1 While the general graph settings screen is on the display use f and c to move the highlighting to the G ...

Page 102: ...r regression graph Press to return to the previous menu u u u u uTo select the x axis data list XList 1 While the graph settings screen is on the display use f and c to move the highlighting to the XList item 2 Use the function key menu to select the name of the statistical data list whose values you want on the x axis of the graph 1 List1 List 1 2 List2 List 2 3 List3 List 3 4 List4 List 4 1 List...

Page 103: ...st1 List 1 2 List2 List 2 3 List3 List 3 4 List4 List 4 1 List5 List 5 2 List6 List 6 Press to return to the previous menu u u u u uTo select the frequency data list Frequency 1 While the general graph settings screen is on the display use f and c to move the highlighting to the Frequency item 2 Use the function key menu to select the frequency setting you want 1 1 Plot all data 1 to 1 2 List1 Lis...

Page 104: ...to select the plot mark you want to select 1 Plot using 2 X Plot using X 3 Plot using k k k k k Drawing an xy Line Graph Paired data items can be used to plot a scatter diagram A scatter diagram where the points are linked is an xy line graph Press Q to return to the statistical data list k k k k k Selecting the Regression Type After you graph statistical data you can use the function menu at the ...

Page 105: ...results appear on the display You can use these to obtain statistical calculation results Regression parameters are calculated as soon as you press a function key to select a regression type while a graph is on the display Example To display logarithmic regression parameter calculation results while a scatter diagram is on the display 1 Log k k k k k Graphing statistical calculation results You ca...

Page 106: ...Bar Graph From the statistical data list press 1 GRPH to display the graph menu press 4 SET and then change the graph type of the graph you want to use GPH1 GPH2 GPH3 to histogram bar graph Data should already be input in the statistical data list see Inputting Data into Lists Draw the graph using the procedure described under Plotting Data k k k k k Box Graph This type of graph lets you see how a...

Page 107: ...the closer the distribution is to normal distribution From the statistical data list press 1 GRPH to display the graph menu press 4 SET and then change the graph type of the graph you want to use GPH1 GPH2 GPH3 to normal distribution k k k k k Displaying Single Variable Statistical Results Single variable statistics can be expressed as both graphs and parameter values When these graphs are display...

Page 108: ...culating and Graphing Paired Variable Statistical Data Under Plotting a Scatter Diagram we displayed a scatter diagram and then per formed a logarithmic regression calculation Let s use the same procedure to look at the six regression functions k k k k k Linear Regression Graph Linear regression plots a straight line that passes close to as many data points as possible and returns values for the s...

Page 109: ...he effects of extreme values It is especially useful in produc ing highly reliable linear regression from data that includes irregular fluctuations such as seasonal surveys 2 Med 4 DRAW The following are the meanings of the above parameters a Med Med graph slope b Med Med graph intercept k k k k k Quadratic Regression Graph A quadratic regression graph represents connection of the data points of a...

Page 110: ...X logx the formula corresponds to linear regression formula y a bX 1 Log 4 DRAW The following are the meanings of the above parameters a Regression constant term intercept b Regression coefficient slope r Correlation coefficient k k k k k Exponential Regression Graph Exponential regression expresses y as a proportion of the exponential function of x The standard exponential regression formula is y...

Page 111: ...elation coefficient k k k k k Power Regression Graph Exponential regression expresses y as a proportion of the power of x The standard power regression formula is y a xb so if we take the logarithms of both sides we get logy loga b logx Next if we say X log x Y logy and a loga the formula corresponds to linear regression formula Y a bX 3 Pwr 4 DRAW P 99 G Type 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 ...

Page 112: ...een 4 2VAR Use c to scroll the list so you can view the items that run off the bottom of the screen The following describes the meaning of each of the parameters _ x Mean of xList data x Sum of xList data x2 Sum of squares of xList data x n Population standard deviation of xList data x n 1 Sample standard deviation of xList data n Number of xList data items _ y Mean of yList data y Sum of yList da...

Page 113: ... copy the regression formula that produced the displayed data to the GRAPH Mode 3 COPY Note that you cannot edit regression formulas for graph formulas in the GRAPH Mode 2 Press w to save the copied graph formula and return to the previous regression calculation result display k k k k k Multiple Graphs You can draw more than one graph on the same display by using the procedure under Changing Graph...

Page 114: ...istical Results to perform statistical cal culations 5 Manual Graphing In all of the graphing examples up to this point values were calculated in accord ance with View Window settings and graphing was performed automatically This automatic graphing is performed when the S Wind item of the View Window is set to Auto auto graphing You can also produce graphs manually when the automatic graphing capa...

Page 115: ...te this operation by making histogram settings for Graph 1 The following are the meanings of the items that appear in this screen Strt Histogram start point x coordinate ptch Bar spacing specify as scale unit Example Strt 0 ptch 10 While the statistical data list is on the display perform the following procedure Z2 Man Q Returns to previous menu 1 GRPH 1 GPH1 aw Start value is x 0 baw pitch 10 1 2...

Page 116: ...values Fre quency are located 2VarX Specifies list where paired variable statistic x values XList are located 2VarY Specifies list where paired variable statistic y values YList are located 2VarF Specifies list where paired variable frequency values Fre quency are located Calculations in this section are performed based on the above specifications k k k k k Single Variable Statistical Calculations...

Page 117: ...ari able Statistical Results k k k k k Regression Calculation In the explanations from Linear Regression Graph to Power Regression Graph regression calculation results were displayed after the graph was drawn Here the regression line and regression curve is represented by mathematical expressions You can directly determine the same expression from the data input screen Perform the following key op...

Page 118: ...erform power regression using the following data and estimate the values of and when xi 40 and yi 1000 xi List 1 yi List 2 28 2410 30 3033 33 3895 35 4491 38 5717 1 In the Main Menu select the STAT icon and enter the STAT Mode 2 Input data into the list and draw the power regression graph 1 GRPH 4 SET c 1 Scat c 1 List1 c 2 List2 c 1 1 c 1 Q Z1 Auto Q1 GRPH 1 GPH1 3 Pwr 4 DRAW 3 In the Main Menu s...

Page 119: ...116 Statistical Graphs and Calculations Chapter 7 The estimated value is displayed for xi 40 baaa value of yi 1 w The estimated value is displayed for yi 1000 ...

Page 120: ...3 Debugging a Program 4 Calculating the Number of Bytes Used by a Program 5 Searching for a File 6 Editing Program Contents 7 Deleting a Program 8 Useful Program Commands 9 Command Reference 10 Text Display 11 Using Calculator Functions in Programs Chapter 8 ...

Page 121: ...Menu and enter the PRGM Mode When you do a program list appears on the display Selected memory area use f and c to move 1 EXE Execute program 2 EDIT Program edit 3 NEW New program 1 DEL Specific program delete 2 DEL A Delete all 3 SRC File name search Press to return to the previous menu If there are not programs stored in memory when you enter the PRGM Mode the message No Programs appears on the ...

Page 122: ...lume V of a regular octahedron for which the length of one side is known 2 S 2 3 A2 V A3 3 When inputting a new formula you first register the file name and then input the actual program u u u u uTo register a file name Example To register the file name OCTA Note that a file name can be up to eight characters long 1 While the program list is on the display press 3 NEW 3 NEW 4 SYBL Symbol menu 2 In...

Page 123: ...bytes of memory The file name input screen remains on the display if you pressw without input ting a file name To exit the file name input screen and return to the program list without register ing a file name press Q u u u u uTo input a program Use the program input screen to input the contents of a program 1 TOP Top of program 2 BTM Bottom of program 3 MENU Mode menu Pressing displays a menu of ...

Page 124: ...mands that can be used to change set up screen settings inside a program For details on each of these commands see To change a mode set up Z Actual program contents are identical to manual calculations The following shows how the calculation of the surface area and volume of a regular octahedron would be calculated using a manual calculation Surface Area S c 9d value of A xw Volume V 9c d value of...

Page 125: ...mand pauses program execution and displays the last calculation re sult obtained or text It is similar to pressing w in a manual calculation For full details on using these and other commands see Useful Program Com mands The following shows examples of how to actually use the and commands W 1 aaA 2 c 9d aAx 2 9c d aAMd QQ u u u u uTo run a program 1 While the program list is on the display usef an...

Page 126: ...ed by w w baw w Pressing w while the program s final result is on the display re executes the program You can also run a program while in the RUN Mode by inputting Prog file name w An error Go ERROR occurs if the program specified by Prog file name cannot be found 1 2 3 4 P 140 ...

Page 127: ...u should take to correct the situation u u u u uTo eliminate bugs that cause bad results If your program produces results that are not what you normally expect check the contents of the program and make necessary changes See Editing Program Con tents for details on how to change program contents 4 Calculating the Number of Bytes Used by a Program This unit comes with 7 kbytes of memory A byte is a...

Page 128: ...amed OCTA 1 While the program list is on the display usef and c to scroll through the list of program names until you find the one you want 2 When the highlighting is located at the name of the file you want press2 EDIT to recall it 2 EDIT u u u u uTo find a file using file name search Example To use file name search to recall the program named OCTA 1 While the program list is on the display press...

Page 129: ... If there is no program whose file name starts with the characters you input the message Not Found appears on the display If this happens pressQ to clear the error message 3 Use f and c to highlight the file name of the program you want to recall and then press 2 EDIT to recall it 6 Editing Program Contents u u u u uTo edit program contents 1 Find the file name of the program you want in the progr...

Page 130: ... are the formulas used for calculating surface area S and volume V of a regular tetrahedron for which the length of one side is known 2 S 3 A2 V A3 12 Use the following key operations when inputting the program Length of One Side A W 1 aaA 2 Surface Area S 9d aAx 2 Volume V 9c bc aAMd Compare this with the program for calculating the surface area and volume of a regular octahedron Length of One Si...

Page 131: ...m 2 EDIT eeeeDD cd bc D Q Let s try running the program Length of One Side A Surface Area S Volume V 7 cm 84 87048957 cm2 40 42293766 cm3 10 cm 173 2050808 cm2 117 8511302 cm3 15 cm 389 7114317 cm2 397 7475644 cm3 1 EXE or w hw Value of A w 1 2 3 4 ...

Page 132: ...uTo delete a specific program 1 While the program list is on the display use f and c to move the highlighting to the name of the program you want to delete 2 Press 1 DEL 1 DEL 3 Press 1 YES to delete the selected program or 4 NO to abort the opera tion without deleting anything u u u u uTo delete all programs 1 While the program list is on the display press 2 DEL A 1 2 3 4 ...

Page 133: ...des a variety of rela tional and jump commands that can be used to create programs that make repeat calculations quick and easy Program Menu Press W to display the program menu W 1 COM Program command menu 2 CTL Control command menu 3 JUMP Jump command menu 1 Input command 2 Output command 3 CLR Clear command menu 4 DISP Display command menu 1 REL Conditional jump relational operator menu 2 Multi ...

Page 134: ... For For command 2 To To command 3 Step Step command 4 Next Next command 1 Whle While command 2 WEnd WhileEnd command 3 Do Do command 4 Lp W LpWhile command Press to return to the previous menu Control Command Menu CTL While the program menu is on the display press 2 CTL to display the control command menu 2 CTL 1 Prog Prog command 2 Rtrn Return command 3 Brk Break command 4 Stop Stop command 1 2 ...

Page 135: ...e program menu is on the display press 3 CLR to display the clear command menu 3 CLR 1 Text ClrText command 2 Grph ClrGraph command 3 List ClrList command Display Command Menu DISP While the program menu is on the display press 4 DISP to display the dis play command menu 4 DISP 1 Stat DrawStat command 2 Grph DrawGraph command 3 TABL Table Graph command menu Pressing 3 TABL while the display comman...

Page 136: ...erator Menu REL While the program menu is on the display press 1 REL to display the conditional jump relational operator menu 1 REL 1 Relational operator 2 G G G G G Relational operator G G G G G 3 Relational operator 4 Relational operator 1 Relational operator 2 Relational operator Press to return to the previous menu 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 ...

Page 137: ...mmand 135 Multi statement Command 135 _ Carriage Return 135 Jump Code 143 G G G G G Relational Operators 145 The following are conventions that are used in this section when describing the vari ous commands Boldface Text Actual commands and other items that always must be in put are shown in boldface Curly Brackets Curly brackets are used to enclose a number of items one of which must be selected ...

Page 138: ...t Command Function Displays and intermediate result during program execution Description 1 This command momentarily interrupts program execution and displays alpha character text or the result of the calculation immediately before it 2 The output command should be used at locations where you would normally press the w key during a manual calculation Multi statement Command Function Connects two st...

Page 139: ...itting the Then statement results in an error Syn ERROR Example If A 0 _ Then A 0 If Then IfEnd Function The Then statement is executed only when the If condition is true non zero The IfEnd statement is always executed after the Then statement is executed or directly after the If condition when the If condition is false 0 Syntax Parameters condition numeric expression Description This command is a...

Page 140: ... only when the If condition is true non zero The Else statement is executed when the If condition is false 0 The IfEnd statement is always executed following either the Then statement or Else statement Syntax Parameters condition numeric expression Description This command is almost identical to If Then Else The only difference is that the IfEnd statement is always executed regardless of whether t...

Page 141: ...he Next statement must always come after its corresponding For statement 3 The Next statement defines the end of the loop created by For Next and so it must always be included Failure to do so results in an error Syn ERROR Example For 1 A To 10_ A 3 B_ B Next For To Step Next Function This command repeats everything between the For statement and the Next statement The starting value is assigned to...

Page 142: ...0 Step 0 1_ A 3 B _ B Next Do LpWhile Function This command repeats specific commands as long as its condition is true non zero Syntax Parameters expression Description 1 This command repeats the commands contained in the loop as long as its condi tion is true non zero When the condition becomes false 0 execution pro ceeds from the statement following the LpWhile statement 2 Since the condition co...

Page 143: ...ing the loop Syntax Break _ Description 1 This command breaks execution of a loop and continues from the next command following the loop 2 This command can be used to break execution of a For statement Do state ment and While statement Example While A 0_ If A 2_ Then Break_ IfEnd_ WhileEnd_ A Executed after Break Prog Function This command specifies execution of another program as a subroutine In ...

Page 144: ...me specified by the Prog command does not exist an error Go ERROR occurs 7 In the RUN Mode inputting the Prog command and pressing w launches the program specified by the command Return Function This command returns from a subroutine Syntax Return _ Description Execution of the Return command inside a main routine causes execution of the program to stop Example Prog A Prog B 1 A_ For A B To 10_ Pr...

Page 145: ...execution jumps to the statement following the multi statement command display command or carriage return _ Example 10 A 0 C Lbl 1 B B C C Dsz A Goto 1 C 10 This program prompts for input of 10 values and then calculates the average of the input values Goto Lbl Function This command performs an unconditional jump to a specified location Syntax Goto value or variable Lbl value or variable Parameter...

Page 146: ... Increments the value assigned to variable A by 1 Description This command increments the value of a control variable by 1 and then tests checks it If the current value is non zero execution continues with the next statement If the current value is zero execution jumps to the statement following the multi statement command display command or carriage return _ Jump Code Function This code is used t...

Page 147: ...or greater calculates and displays the square root of the input value Inputting a value less than zero returns to the input prompt without calculating anything k k k k k Clear Commands CLR ClrGraph Function This command clears the graph screen Syntax ClrGraph_ Description This command clears the graph screen during program execution ClrList Function This command clears list data Syntax ClrList_ De...

Page 148: ...numeric tables during program execution in accordance with conditions defined within the program DrawTG Con DrawTG Plt Function These commands graph functions Syntax DrawTG Con_ DrawTG Plt_ Description 1 These commands graph functions in accordance with conditions defined within the program 2 DrawTG Con produces a connect type graph while DrawTG Plt produces a plot type graph k k k k k Conditional...

Page 149: ...s on using the conditional jump 10 Text Display You can include text in a program by simply enclosing it between double quotation marks Such text appears on the display during program execution which means you can add labels to input prompts and results Program Display X X X X If the text is followed by a calculation formula be sure to insert a display com mand between the text and calculation Inp...

Page 150: ...the result shown here k k k k k Using Table Graph Functions in a Program Table Graph functions in a program can generate numeric tables and perform graphing operations The following shows various types of syntax you need to use when programming with Table Graph functions Table range setting 1 F Start_ 5 F End_ 1 F pitch_ Numeric table generation DispTable_ Graph draw operation Connect type DrawTG ...

Page 151: ...orted up to six can be specified 1 321Q 2 K11 Descending order SortD List 1 List 2 List 3 Lists to be sorted up to six can be specified k k k k k Using Statistical Calculations and Graphs in a Program Including statistical calculations and graphing operations into program lets you cal culate and graph statistical data u u u u uTo set conditions and draw a statistical graph Following StatGrph you m...

Page 152: ...cification with the applicable graph type Histogram Hist Median Box MedBox Normal Distribution N Dist The following is a typical graph condition specification for a regression graph S Gph1 DrawOn Linear List1 List2 List3_ The same format can be used for the following types of graphs by simply replac ing Linear in the above specification with the applicable graph type Linear Regression Linear Med M...

Page 153: ...t 3 Frequency data Frequency y axis data YList x axis data XList Regression statistical calculation 1 LinearReg List 1 List 2 List 3 Calculation Frequency data Frequency type y axis data YList x axis data XList 1 31 1 1Q Any one of the following can be specified as the calculation type LinearReg linear regression Med MedLine Med Med calculation QuadReg quadratic regression LogReg logarithmic regre...

Page 154: ...ttempting to perform any programming This Program Library is divided into two sections a numeric cal culation section and a graphics section Programs in the numeric calculation section produce results only while graphics programs use the entire display area for graphing Also note that calcula tions within graphics programs do not use the multiplication sign wherever it can be dropped i e in front ...

Page 155: ...program Overview m is divided by 2 and by all successive odd numbers d 3 5 7 9 11 13 to check for divisibility Where d is a prime factor mi mi 1 d is assumed and division is repeated until mi 1 d Example 1 119 7 17 2 440730 2 3 3 5 59 83 3 262701 3 3 17 17 101 Preparation and operation Store the program written on the next page Execute the program as shown below Step Key operation Display Step Key...

Page 156: ...l Lbl Lbl Lbl Lbl R 0 1 2 3 4 6 5 6 7 8 9 M 2 Frac B B A B A F M A I E A A A C 2 B A N C 1 D T 2 2 Goto B B B A Goto A A Goto A C 8 Goto 0 Frac 4 0 2 A 0 Goto Goto A 3 1 1 Goto B 7 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z mi d mi 1 Goto 3 9 Goto B 0 5 No 1 Line Program File name Memory Contents ...

Page 157: ...values are taken as 1010 Overview n0 max a b n1 min a b nk 2 nk nk 2 nk 1 nk 1 k 2 3 If nk 0 then the greatest common measure c will be nk 1 Example 1 2 3 When a 238 a 23345 a 522952 b 374 b 9135 b 3208137866 c 34 c 1015 c 998 Preparation and operation Store the program written on the next page Execute the program as shown below Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display No 2 ...

Page 158: ...21 22 23 24 25 26 27 C Lbl Abs B A Lbl C B Lbl M 1 A 2 3 N A C 0 A A B F A Goto B Goto C A Abs 2 lnt 3 Goto C B A B 1 T A B 2 A B C Goto B B B A A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a n0 b n1 nk B C No 2 Line Program File name Memory Contents ...

Page 159: ...n for sample data 55 54 51 55 53 53 54 52 is 53 Perform a t test with a level of significance of 5 Preparation and operation Store the program written on the next page Execute the program as shown below No 3 Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display The above operation produces a t test value of t 53 0 7533708035 According to the t distribution table in the next page a level of signifi...

Page 160: ... 014 2 009 2 000 1 990 1 980 1 970 1 960 63 657 9 925 5 841 4 604 4 032 3 707 3 499 3 355 3 250 3 169 2 947 2 845 2 787 2 750 2 724 2 704 2 690 2 678 2 660 2 639 2 617 2 596 2 576 0 05 0 01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T 5 l Var Lbl Goto 5 4 List 0 x T 0 T 5 1 E 5 M S 5 2 1 M T 4 _ T 5 List x n 1 _ _ 1 1 M 5 n 5 5 T 3 _ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z m t 5 3 P Probability Degree of Freedom N...

Page 161: ... points of tangency and factor zoom is used to enlarge the graph Example To determine m and b for the following values r 1 x 3 y 2 Notes The point plotted for A cannot be moved Even if it is moved on the graph the calculation is performed using the original value An error Ma ERROR occurs when r x Be sure to always perform a trace operation whenever you select trace and the message TRACE is on the ...

Page 162: ...2 6 M M B 0 T E O 2 N M B 5 T E O 1 T Factor N W x2 C X P _ _ R S S 0 _ A _ R S S 0 _ R N G I I B A X A 0 B X A 0 A E N Y R Y x2 A C 1 Z Goto C 1 Z Goto C N N D x2 R C A B A M B E _ 2 A N B E _ 3 E T O _ L _ _ B B 1 P 1 W R E _ x2 M _ Goto N _ Goto _ _ R x2 _ 1 _ R _ 1 _ F x2 R B A Z Goto 0 B A Z Goto 5 x2 A x2 P _ x 1 _ _ x2 Factor A F x2 _ x 1 M _ N _ No 4 Line Program File name ...

Page 163: ...h Y Goto Lbl Graph Y Prog Lbl W 3 C Graph Y Graph Y N 3 9 M Goto 3 E I I C 2 _ _ W 6 _ N N 3 1 R I X X I _ D D C R R Graph Y N O 9 L x2 R C M A A D W E x2 L O 3 X E X W x2 X A _ B B 9 x2 S Prog 1 1 B C _ I 2 Goto R 9 C 3 _ L E 2 No 4 Line Program File name File name ...

Page 164: ...161 1 2 3 4 5 Program for Circle and Tangents No 4 Step Key Operation Display ...

Page 165: ...162 Program for Circle and Tangents No 4 Step Key Operation Display 6 7 8 9 10 ...

Page 166: ...163 11 12 13 14 15 Program for Circle and Tangents No 4 Step Key Operation Display ...

Page 167: ...164 16 17 18 Program for Circle and Tangents No 4 Step Key Operation Display ...

Page 168: ...or keys to move the pointer around the display To interrupt program execution press A while the graphic screen is on the display The triangle cannot be drawn if the result of the coordinate transformation operation exceeds View Window parameters Preparation and operation Store the program written on the next page Execute the program as shown below No 5 Memory Contents A B C D E F G x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 ...

Page 169: ... Plot Plot Cls O 1 Y A 2 Y C 3 Y E 1 A cos sin G cos sin I cos sin K G T 0 1 X 1 A X 2 C X 3 E _ Plot N Q Q Q Q Q Q Plot A 1 B 2 D 3 F A G H J L H C T 4 Deg Y Y Y L B B _ D D F F E _ Y Y Y B E sin cos sin cos Line sin cos Line Line D 7 1 A B 2 C D 3 E F Q Q Q Q _ Q Q _ _ B _ _ D _ _ F _ Line Deg Plot Plot _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ G H I J K L E 1 C Q D _ 0 Line F View Window Goto 1 8 3 ...

Page 170: ...167 1 2 3 4 5 Program for Rotating a Figure No 5 Step Key Operation Display ...

Page 171: ...168 6 7 8 9 10 Program for Rotating a Figure No 5 Step Key Operation Display Locate the pointer at X 5 Continue repeating from step 8 ...

Page 172: ...Appendix Appendix A Resetting the Calculator Appendix B Power Supply Appendix C Error Message Table Appendix D Input Ranges Appendix E 2 byte Code Table Appendix F Specifications ...

Page 173: ...memory be sure to write it down somewhere before performing the RESET operation u u u u uTo reset the calculator 1 Press m to display the main menu 2 Highlight the MEM icon and press w or press i 3 Use c to move the highlighting down to Reset and then press w 4 Press 1 YES to reset the calculator or 4 NO to abort the operation without resetting anything If the display appears to dark or dim after ...

Page 174: ...ction Factor Clear initialized Table Graph Data Clear List Data Clear Statistical Calculation Graph Memory Clear Program Clear Input Buffer AC Replay Clear Performing the RESET operation while an internal calculation is being per formed will cause all data in memory to be deleted Make sure that no calcula tion be being performed before starting a RESET operation If the calculator stops operating c...

Page 175: ...he same time all memory contents will be erased If you do remove both batteries correctly reload them and then perform the reset operation The batteries that come installed in this unit when you purchase it are for factory test purposes so they will probably not provide normal service life k k k k k Replacing Batteries Precautions Incorrectly using batteries can cause them to burst or leak possibl...

Page 176: ...ishandling of batteries causes such prob lems correctly load batteries and then perform the RESET operation to resume normal operation Be sure to replace all two batteries with new ones 1 Press O to turn the calculator off 2 Push the battery compartment cover on the back of the calculator in the direction noted in the illustration and remove it 3 Remove the two old batteries 4 Load a new set of tw...

Page 177: ...ent cover on the back of the calculator in the direction noted in the illustration and remove it 3 Remove screw i on the back of the calcula tor and remove the back up battery holder 4 Remove the old battery 5 Wipe off the surfaces of a new battery with a soft dry cloth Load it into the calculator so that its positive side is facing up 6 Pressing down on the battery with the battery holder replace...

Page 178: ...the error was generated and then correct the program 123 Check the input numeric value and correct it When using memories check that the numeric values stored in memories are correct 4 Try using a smaller value for x x increment decrement 1 Correctly input a Lbl n to corres pond to the Goto n or delete the Goto n if not required 2 Store a program in program area Prog file name or delete the Prog f...

Page 179: ...lculations Message Stk ERROR Mem ERROR Arg ERROR Dim ERROR Countermeasure Simplify the formulas to keep stacks within 10 levels for the numeric values and 26 levels for the commands Divide the formula into two or more parts 123 Keep the number of variables you use for the operation within the number of variables currently available Simplify the data you are trying to store to keep it within the av...

Page 180: ... G G 100 2n 1 GRA Input ranges DEG x 9 109 RAD x 5 107 rad GRA x 1 1010 grad x 1 x 1 10100 1 10 99 x 1 10100 1 10100 x 100 1 10100 x 230 2585092 0 x 1 10100 x 1 1050 x 1 10100 x G G G G G 0 x 1 10100 0 x 69 x is an integer Result 1 10100 n r n and r are integers 0 r n n 1 1010 1 10100 x2 y2 r 1 10100 DEG 9 109 RAD 5 107 rad GRA 1 1010 grad Appendix D Input Ranges 177 Appendix However for tan G G G...

Page 181: ...0 1 10100 logy 100 y 0 x 0 y 0 x 2n 1 n G G G G G 0 n is an integer However 1 10100 log y 100 Total of integer numerator and denominator must be within 10 digits includes di vision marks x 1 1050 y 1 1050 n 1 10100 x n y n x y a b c r n G G G G G 0 x n 1 y n 1 n G G G G G 0 1 178 Appendix 1 2n 1 1 x 1 y 1 n 1 x Function xy x y ab c STAT Errors may be cumulative with internal continuous calculation...

Page 182: ... DrawStat DrawTG Con DrawTG Plt DispTable Commands available with the 3 MENU key in the PRGM Mode 1 Variable 2 Variable LinearReg Med MedLine QuadReg LogReg ExpReg PowerReg S Gph1 S Gph2 S Gph3 Square Cross Dot Scatter xyLine Hist MedBox N Dist Linear Med Med Quad Log Exp Power Y Type ParamType Y Type Y Type Y Type Y Type SortA SortD G SelOn G SelOff T SelOn T SelOff DrawOn DrawOff List1 List2 Lis...

Page 183: ...tion permutation combina tion number of decimal place and significant digit specification Built in functions Exponential notation range delete insert answer functions replay memory status display bytes used unused multistatements output command input Fraction Reduction Automatic Step by Step Differentials Extraction of derivative using differential from center point List calculations Data sorting ...

Page 184: ...an normal distribution curve Regression number of data mean of x mean of y standard deviation of x two types standard deviation of y two types sum of x sum of y sum of squares of x sum of squares of y sum of squares of x and y constant term regression coeffi cient correlation coefficient Med Med calculations regression graphs linear re gression graph Med Med graph quadratic regression graph logari...

Page 185: ... AM4 or R03 UM 4 Back up One CR2032 lithium battery Power consumption 0 05W Battery life Main LR03 AM4 Approximately 2 000 hours continuous display of main menu Approximately 2 years power off R03 UM 4 Approximately 1 000 hours continuous display of main menu Approximately 2 years power off Back up Approximately 2 years Auto power off Power is automatically turned off approximately six minutes aft...

Page 186: ..._ Min Min Else Else_ Xscl Xscl Scat Scatter Max Max I End IfEnd FACT xy xyLine Mean Mean Xfct Xfct Med Median For For_ Yfct Yfct Hist Hist To _To_ STAT Box MedBox Sum Sum_ Step _Step_ X N Dis N Dist CALC Next Next n n Simp Simp o o Int _Int _ W End While_ x x X Linear Rmdr _Rmdr_ Whle WhileEnd x2 x2 Med Med Med STAT Do Do x n x n X 2 Quad x x Lp W LpWhile_ y y CTL x n 1 x n 1 Log Log Prog Prog_ mi...

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