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4.10 Water softening system
The water softening system (ion exchanger) is a container which
is filled with a fine-grained synthetic resin granulate. This synthetic
resin replaces calcium and magnesium ions in the water with sodium
ions situated on its surface.
Technical specifications:
Designation Value
Unit
Capacity:
Fine-grained
salt
Coarse-grained
salt
approx. 1.3
approx. 0.9
kg
4.10.1 Water
softening
The inlet water with its hardness constituents is conveyed via the
synthetic resin. Calcium and magnesium are bonded to the surface of
the exchange compound while sodium ions are released into the
water. When all sodium ions have been replaced with ions of the
hardness constituents (Fig.1), the capacity of the water softening
system is exhausted and it must be regenerated.
4.10.2 Regeneration
To make the ion exchanger functional again, a concentrated saline
solution (sodium chloride) is conveyed out of the salt dispenser
through the water softening system. On account of the large excess
the sodium ions force the calcium and magnesium ions out of the
saline solution and they attach themselves again to the exchange
compound (Fig. 2). The ion exchanger is now loaded and ready for
use again.
A Synthetic
resin
Fig.1: Water
softening
Fig.2: Regeneration
