manualshive.com logo in svg

Asus GigaX1116i+, User Manual

Share
Download
Asus GigaX1116i+ User Manual Download Page 54

46

GigaX Series L2 Smart Plus Switch User Manual

[Rstp Status]

Show RSTP bridge instances and port states.

CLI command : Rstp Status

[Rstp Statistics]

Show RSTP bridge instance and port statistics.

CLI command : Rstp Statistics

5.2.8  User Group Commands

[User Group Configuration]

Show the user groups.

CLI command : User Group Configuration

[User Group Add]

Add user group entry including the ports.

<grouplist> : User group ID list.
CLI command : User Group Add <grouplist> [<portlist>]

[User Group Delete]

Delete user group entry.

<grouplist>: User group ID list.
CLI command : User Group Delete <grouplist>

[User Group Lookup]

Lookup user group entry and show port members.

<grouplist>: User group ID list.
CLI command : User Group Lookup <grouplist>

Summary of Contents for GigaX1116i+

Page 1: ...GigaX1116i GigaX1124i User Manual Layer 2 Smart Plus Switch ...

Page 2: ...chantability or fitness for a particular purpose In no event shall ASUS its directors officers employees or agents be liable for any indirect special incidental or consequential damages including damages for loss of profits loss of business loss of use or data interruption of business and the like even if ASUS has been advised of the possibility of such damages arising from any defect or error in t...

Page 3: ...ful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver...

Page 4: ...e Fremont CA94538 USA General Fax 1 502 933 8713 General Email tmd1 asus com Web Site usa asus com Technical Support Support Fax 1 502 933 8713 General Support 1 502 995 0883 Notebook Support 1 510 739 3777 x5110 Support Email tsd asus com ASUS COMPUTER GmbH Germany and Austria Address Harkort Str 25 D 40880 Ratingen BRD Germany General Fax 49 2102 9599 31 General Email sales asuscom de for market...

Page 5: ...rt 1 Installing the hardware 6 3 1 1 Installing the switch on a flat surface 6 3 1 2 Mounting the switch on a rack 6 3 2 Part 2 Setting up the switch 6 3 2 1 Connect the console port 7 3 2 2 Connect to the computers or a LAN 7 3 2 3 Attach the power adapter 7 3 3 Part 3 Basic switch setting for management 8 3 3 1 Setting up through the console port 8 3 3 2 Setting up through the Web interface 8 4 M...

Page 6: ...4 3 10 802 1X 25 4 3 11 Quality of Service 27 4 3 12 Filter 29 4 3 13 Rate Limit 30 4 4 Monitoring 31 4 4 1 Statistics Overview 31 4 4 2 Detailed Statistics 31 4 4 3 RSTP Status 32 4 4 4 VeriPHy 33 4 4 5 HW Monitor 33 4 5 Maintenance 34 4 5 1 Warm Restart 34 4 5 2 Factory Default 34 4 5 3 Firmware Upgrade 34 4 5 4 Config File Transfer 35 5 Console Interface 36 5 1 Password 36 5 2 CLI Commands 36 5 ...

Page 7: ...ands 47 5 2 10 Mirror Commands 48 5 2 11 IP Commands 49 5 2 12 Dot1x Commands 49 5 2 13 Filter Commands 51 5 2 14 Debug Commands 51 6 IP Addresses Network Masks and Subnets 53 6 1 IP Addresses 53 6 1 1 Structure of an IP address 53 6 1 2 Network classes 54 6 2 Subnet masks 55 7 Troubleshooting 56 7 1 Diagnosing problems using IP utilities 56 7 1 1 ping 56 7 1 2 nslookup 57 7 2 Simple fixes 58 8 Glo...

Page 8: ...iv GigaX Series L2 Smart Plus Switch User Manual ...

Page 9: ... 100Base TX IEEE 802 3ab 1000Base T standards Auto negotiation of speed 10 100 1000Mbps and duplex mode Note that 1000Mbps supports only full duplex mode 8K MAC addresses with automatic address learning and aging IEEE 802 3x flow control support for 10 100 1000Mbps full duplex Back pressure flow control support for 10 100Mbps half duplex Auto MDI MDIX VLAN Port based VLAN 802 1Q tag based VLAN Quali...

Page 10: ...t the parameters for the command line interpreter Boldface type text is used for items you select from menus and drop down lists and text strings you type when prompted by the program 1 2 3 Symbols This document uses the following icons to call your attention to specific instructions or explanations Provides clarification or additional information on the current topic Explains terms or acronyms th...

Page 11: ...with the following items GigaX1116i 16 port or GigaX1124i 24 port L2 smart plus switch AC Power cord Null modem cable for console interface DB9 Rack installation kit two brackets with six 6 32 screws CD manual Quick installation guide Figure 1 GigaX1116i GigaX1124i smart switch package contents SYSTEM RPS FAN CONSOLE RS 232 8 4 2 1 7 5 3 6 8 4 2 1 7 5 3 6 ...

Page 12: ...esent port is enabled port speed is 1000Mbps Flashing Data is being transmitted received Amber ON Link RJ 45 or SFP is present port is enabled port speed is 100 10Mbps OFF No Ethernet link 10 100 1000 port duplex Green ON Full duplex Flashing collision happens OFF Half duplex 2 3 Rear Panel The switch rear panel contains the fans and a power connector 2 2 Front Panel The front panel includes LED i...

Page 13: ... Table 3 Technical specifications Physical Dimensions 43 5mm H x 444mm W x 265mm D Power Input Consumption 100 240V AC 2 5A 50 60Hz 90 watts Environmental Ranges Operating Storage Temperature 10 to 50 C 14 to 122 F 40 to 70 C 40 to 158 F Humidity 15 to 90 0 to 95 Altitude up to 10 000ft 3 000m 40 000ft 12 000m System Fan Dimensions Voltage and Current Speed 40 x 40 x 20 mm 12V DC 0 13A 8200RPM ...

Page 14: ...twork Network mask for this network 3 1 Part 1 Installing the hardware Connect the device to the power outlet and your computer or network Figure 5 illustrates the hardware connections 3 1 1 Installing the switch on a flat surface The switch should be installed on a level surface that can support the weight of the switches and their accessories Attach four rubber pads on the marked location on the ...

Page 15: ...bs or switches Use a twisted pair Category 5 Ethernet cable to connect the 1000BASE T port Otherwise the link speed cannot reach 1Gbps 3 2 3 Attach the power adapter 1 Connect the AC power cord to the POWER receptacle on the back of the switch and plug the other end of the power cord into a wall outlet or a power strip 2 Check the front LED indicators with the description in Table 4 If the LEDs li...

Page 16: ...hrough the console port 1 Use the supplied crossover RS 232 cable to connect to the console port on the front of the switch This port is a male DB 9 connector implemented as a data terminal equipment DTE connection Tighten the retaining screws on the cable to secure it on the connector Connect the other end of the cable to a PC running terminal emulation software e g Hyper Terminal 2 Make sure the...

Page 17: ...word Default password is no password No password means accept all and disable web login password You can change the password at any time If you forgot the password the super password is asus2357 Super password can only be used in console mode After login to console refer to section 5 2 1 to restore factory default or to section 5 2 2 to set new password 2 To setup a new IP address click System see...

Page 18: ...reen image GigaX1124i model since GigaX1116i and GigaX1124i have the same configuration mechanism 4 1 Log into Web user interface 1 From a PC open your web browser type the following in the web address or location box and press Enter http 192 168 1 1 This is the factory default IP address for the switch A login screen displays as shown in Figure 6 Figure 6 Configuration manager login screen 2 Enter ...

Page 19: ...me The top frame as shown in Figure 8 has a switch logo help and about page Click on the Help The help window is shown as Figure 9 The error codes in the web page are listed Click the item in the left menu the individual help page for this item will be shown The about page will lead you to the ASUS official Web site http www asus com Figure 8 Top frame Figure 9 Help Page ...

Page 20: ...ll the features available for switch configuration Figure 10 Expanded Menu List The right frame displays configuration pages or graphics for the statistics See section 4 3 for details 4 2 1 Commonly used buttons and icons The following table describes the function for each button and icon used in the application ...

Page 21: ... System The System page contains the following information IP Address Setup or show IP configuration Subnet Mask Setup or show Subnet Mask Gateway Setup or show Gateway Management VLAN Setup or show Management VLAN 1 4095 Name Setup or show system name Password Setup password The empty string disables the password check Only perform a factory default can set password blank Inactivity Timeout secs S...

Page 22: ...de Set or show the speed and duplex mode Flow Control Enable disable 802 3x flow control mechanism Max Frame Set or show the maximum frame size in bytes including FCS for frames received on the port Tagged frames are allowed to be 4 bytes longer than the maximum frame size The range of valid maximum frame size is between 1518 and 9600 Trunk Show trunk information Be sure the port attribute of the T...

Page 23: ...up ID and then click on the Add button On the next page select the ports or trunks that need to be assigned to this group Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value Modify a group Select the group that needs to be modified and then click on the Modify button On the next page select the ports or trunks that need to be as...

Page 24: ... group that needs to be deleted and then click on the Delete button Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value as shown in Figure 14 Figure 13 Port Based VLAN Figure 14 Add a Port Based VLAN group ...

Page 25: ...refresh the setting to current value Modify a VLAN Select the VLAN that needs to be modified and then click on the Modify button On the next page select the ports or trunks that need to be assigned to this VLAN Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value Delete a VLAN Select the VLAN that needs to be deleted and then cli...

Page 26: ...same keep the tag Unaware Ingress Always insert tag with PVID for incoming packets Egress Always remove the tag for outgoing packets Member Check If enabled the system will discard incoming frames for VLANs which do not include this port in its member set Accept Frame Type Accept all frames tagged or untagged or tagged frames only PVID Set or show the port VLAN ID Untagged frames received on the p...

Page 27: ...s by configuring the monitored and monitoring ports in the following fields Monitoring Port Receive the copies of all the traffics in the selected mirrored port Monitored Port Select the ingress ports being mirrored Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value as shown in Figure 18 ...

Page 28: ...k on the Modify button On the next page select the ports that belong to this group Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value Delete a MAC entry Select the entry that needs to be deleted and then click on the Delete button Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the...

Page 29: ...21 GigaX Series L2 Smart Plus Switch User Manual Figure 19 MAC Address Configuration Figure 20 Add Modify a MAC Address Entry ...

Page 30: ... members of your trunk group All the ports in the link aggregation group MUST operate in full duplex mode at the same speed All the ports in the link aggregation group MUST be configured in auto negotiation mode or full duplex mode This configuration will make the full duplex link possible If you set the ports in full duplex force mode then the link partner MUST have the same setting Otherwise the ...

Page 31: ...30 default is 15 Force Version Set or show the RSTP protocol version to use Normal It will try to send out RSTP packets first If there is no RSTP devices in its neighbourhood it will try to send out STP packets instead Compatible It will send out STP packets only Users can change the RSTP port configuration in the following field Protocol Enabled Enable or disable the RSTP protocol on the port or ag...

Page 32: ...24 GigaX Series L2 Smart Plus Switch User Manual Figure 22 RSTP Configuration ...

Page 33: ...rt Force Reinitialize Reinitialize the port Statistics Click to show the Authenticator counters Backend Authenticator counters dot1x MIB counters and Last Supplicant identity of the port Re authenticate All Refresh restart 802 1X authentication process for all ports Force Reinitialize All Reinitialize all ports Click on the Parameters button to change 802 1X parametes in the following field Reauthe...

Page 34: ...26 GigaX Series L2 Smart Plus Switch User Manual Figure 23 802 1X Configuration Figure 24 802 1X Statistics ...

Page 35: ...d packet Port Priority Set or show the default VLAN user priority of the port for untagged frames Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value Click on the Priority Mapping button to change QoS priority mapping in the following field Class The switch supports 4 classes for each port Select the class that the priority maps...

Page 36: ...28 GigaX Series L2 Smart Plus Switch User Manual Figure 26 QoS Configuration Figure 27 QoS Priority Mapping ...

Page 37: ...lds Mode Select Disabled to allow all IP addresses Select Manually to allow only the configured IP addresses IP Address and IP Mask When Manually mode is selected these are the IP addresses allowed Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value as shown in Figure 28 Figure 28 Filter Configuration ...

Page 38: ...te of broadcast frames Multicast Rate Select the limited rate of multicast frames Flooded Unicast Rate Select the limited rate of flooded unicast frames Policer Control maximum ingress bandwidth rate Shaper Control maximum egress bandwidth rate Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value as shown in Figure 29 Figure 29 R...

Page 39: ...elds and port icons Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value as shown in Figure 30 Figure 30 Statistics Overview 4 4 2 Detailed Statistics This page shows Receive Total Transmit Total Receive Size Counters Transmit Size Counters Receive Error Counters and Transmit Error Counters of each port Click on the Port number ...

Page 40: ...h User Manual Figure 31 Detailed Statistics 4 4 3 RSTP Status This page shows RSTP VLAN bridge overview and RSTP port status Click on the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value as shown in Figure 32 Figure 32 RSTP Status ...

Page 41: ...mprises cable length and full anomaly check Anomaly comprises full anomaly check Anomaly without X pair comprises anomaly check without check for coupling between pairs Click on the Apply button to make the configuration effective or the Refresh button to refresh the setting to current value as shown in Figure 33 Figure 33 VeryPHY 4 4 5 HW Monitor This page shows the temperature fan speed and volta...

Page 42: ...form a warm restart as shown in Figure 35 Figure 35 Warm Restart 4 5 2 Factory Default IP will be reset to 192 168 1 1 Click on the Yes button to perform factory default as shown in Figure 36 Figure 36 Factory Default 4 5 3 Firmware Upgrade Use the function to update the current firmware version Select the firmware file and click on the Upload button to upload the firmware as shown in Figure 37 Figure...

Page 43: ...estore the configuration file Click on the Download button to collect the current configuration as a configuration file to local disk or select a configuration file from local disk and click on the Upload button to restore the configuration file as shown in Figure 38 Figure 38 Config file Transfer ...

Page 44: ...u donʼt have to type system before any sub commands For example system is a command category including a lot of sub commands You donʼt have to type system for the sub commands once you change your working category to sys by typing sys The prompt will become system when your working category is sys 5 1 Password After rebooting you need to type password to enter the CLI mode The default password is ...

Page 45: ...e System Reboot Reboot the switch name String of up to 16 characters default Show system name CLI command System Reboot System SNMP Activate or deactivate the SNMP enable disable Enable disable SNMP default Show SNMP mode CLI command System SNMP enable disable System Trap Set or show SNMP traps destination IP Address IP address to send traps to default Show trap configuration CLI command System Tra...

Page 46: ... Console Prompt Set or show the console prompt string prompt_string Command prompt string of up to 10 characters CLI command Console Prompt prompt_string 5 2 3 Port Commands Port Configuration Show the configured and current speed duplex mode flow control mode and state for the port portlist Port list Default All ports CLI command Port Configuration portlist Port Mode Set or show the speed and duplex ...

Page 47: ...sable Enable or disable port state default Show state CLI command Port State portlist enable disable Port MaxFrame Set or show the maximum frame size in bytes including FCS for frames received on the port Tagged frames are allowed to be 4 bytes longer than the maximum frame size Use the reset option to return to default setting portlist Port list default All ports framesize reset Maximum frame siz...

Page 48: ...ses anomaly check without check for coupling between pairs default full CLI command VeriPHY portlist full anomaly termination 5 2 4 MAC Commands MAC Configuration Show the permanently stored MAC table and the MAC ageing timer CLI command MAC Configuration MAC Add Add permanent MAC address and VLAN ID on ports macaddress MAC address 12 digit hex string optionally separated with dashes or colons e g 0...

Page 49: ... the MAC address table for VLAN ID list vidlist VLAN ID list CLI command MAC table vidlist MAC Flush Removes non locked entries from the switch MAC table CLI command MAC Flush MAC Agetime Set or show the MAC age timer in seconds The value zero disables ageing agetime Age timer in seconds 0 or 10 65535 default Show timer CLI command MAC Agetime agetime 5 2 5 Vlan Commands VLAN Configuration Show the...

Page 50: ...ill strip the VLAN tag from received frames and insert the tag in transmitted frames except PVID VLAN unaware ports will not strip the tag from received frames or insert the tag in transmitted frames portlist Port list default All ports enable disable Enable disable VLAN awareness default Show awareness CLI command VLAN Aware portlist enable disable VLAN PVID Set or show the port VLAN ID Untagged ...

Page 51: ...how member check CLI command VLAN Member Check portlist enable disable 5 2 6 Aggr Commands Aggr Configuration Shows the aggregation groups and the aggregation mode CLI command Aggr Configuration Aggr Add Add link aggregation group including ports portlist Aggregation port list CLI command Aggr Add portlist Aggr Delete Delete link aggregation group portlist Port list Aggregations including any of the...

Page 52: ...m Priority sysprio Number between 0 61440 in increments of 4096 This provides for 16 distinct values 0 4096 8192 12288 16384 20480 24576 28672 32768 36864 40960 45056 49152 53248 57344 and 61440 CLI command Rstp sysprio sysprio Rstp Hellotime Set or show the RSTP System Hello time secs Number between 1 10 default is 2 CLI command Rstp hellotime secs Rstp Maxage Set or show the RSTP System Max Age ...

Page 53: ...he RSTP protocol on aggregated links enable disable Enable or disable CLI command Rstp aggr enable disable Rstp Edge Expect the port to be an edge port an end station or a link to another STP device enable disable End station or bridge CLI command Rstp edge enable disable Rstp Pathcost Set the rstp pathcost on ports portlist portlist Port list Default All ports pathcost Number between 1 200000000 ...

Page 54: ...Group Configuration Show the user groups CLI command User Group Configuration User Group Add Add user group entry including the ports grouplist User group ID list CLI command User Group Add grouplist portlist User Group Delete Delete user group entry grouplist User group ID list CLI command User Group Delete grouplist User Group Lookup Lookup user group entry and show port members grouplist User gro...

Page 55: ... untagged frames In port mode the default class is used as the port priority In diffserv mode the default class is used for non IP frames portlist Port list default All ports class Internal class of service default Show default class CLI command QoS Default portlist class QoS Tagprio Set or show the VLAN user priority mapping portlist Port list default All ports tagpriolist VLAN user priority list...

Page 56: ... The allowed frame rates for ICMP frames learn frames multicasts broadcasts and flooded unicasts are controlled using a central storm controller traffic type Storm controller to set Can be one of ICMP Learn Broadcast Multicast Flood Unicast default Show all disable rate Disable storm controller or set the rate in kiloframes Allowed values are 1k 2k 4k 8k 16k 32k 64k 128k 256k 512k 1024k 2048k 4096k ...

Page 57: ...mmand IP Configuration IP Setup Setup or show IP configuration ipaddress IP address default Show IP configuration ipmask IP subnet mask default Subnet mask for address class ipgateway Default IP gateway default 0 0 0 0 vid VLAN ID 1 4095 default 1 CLI command IP Setup ipaddress ipmask ipgateway vid IP Mode Activate or deactivate the IP configuration enable disable Enable disable IP default Show IP mod...

Page 58: ...ver Set or show RADIUS server IP address IP Address IP address of external RADIUS server default Show current configuration CLI command Dot1x Server IP Address Dot1x UDP Port Set up UDP Port for the external RADIUS server value The UDP port the RADIUS server listens to default Show current configuration CLI command Dot1x UDP Port value Dot1x Secret Set or show the secret shared with the RADIUS serve...

Page 59: ...r Configuration Show the configured valid IP address filter for the port portlist Port list Default All ports CLI command Filter Configuration Filter Source IP Set or show the valid source IP address for the port portlist Port list default All ports all ipaddress ipmask Allow all IP addresses or the IP address from manual IP address configuration default Show Filter source IP CLI command Filter Source ...

Page 60: ...r for port portlist Port list address Register address 0 31 or 0x00 0x1f default Read all registers CLI command Debug PHY Read portlist address Debug PHY Write Write value to PHY register for port portlist Port list address Register address 0 31 or 0x00 0x1f value Register value to write 0 65535 or 0x0000 0xffff CLI command Debug PHY Write portlist address value Monitor Show Show hardware Temperat...

Page 61: ...es as decimal numbers separated by dots is called dotted decimal notation The IP address 20 56 0 211 is read twenty dot fifty six dot zero dot two eleven 6 1 1 Structure of an IP address IP addresses have a hierarchical design similar to that of telephone numbers For example a 7 digit telephone number starts with a 3 digit prefix that identifies a group of thousands of telephone lines and ends with f...

Page 62: ...ion hosts Because of their huge size these networks are used for WANs and by organizations at the infrastructure level of the Internet e g your ISP Class B networks are smaller but still quite large each being able to hold over 65 000 hosts There can be up to 16 384 class B networks in existence A class B network might be appropriate for a large organization such as a business or government agency...

Page 63: ...As with any class C address all of the bits in field1 through field 3 are part of the network ID but note how the mask specifies that the first bit in field 4 is also included Since this extra bit has only two values 0 and 1 this means there are two subnets Each subnet uses the remaining 7 bits in field4 for its host IDs which range from 0 to 127 instead of the usual 0 to 255 for a class C address Simil...

Page 64: ...Internet A ping command sends a message to the computer you specify If the computer receives the message it sends messages in reply To use it you must know the IP address of the computer with which you are trying to communicate On Windows based computers you can execute a ping command from the Start menu Click the Start button and then click Run In the Open text box type a statement such as the fo...

Page 65: ... nslookup command looks up the name on your DNS server usually located with your ISP If that name is not an entry in your ISPʼs DNS table the request is then referred to another higher level server and so on until the entry is found The server then returns the associated IP address On Windows based computers you can execute the nslookup command from the Start menu Click the Start button then click...

Page 66: ...the same network 1 Check the Ethernet cabling is good and the LED is green 2 If the port LED is amber check if this port is disabled You may experience a disconnected network in a short period around 1 minute if you just turned on the STP PCs cannot display web configuration pages 1 The switch is powered up and the connecting port is enabled The factory default IP for the switch is 192 168 1 1 2 V...

Page 67: ... later Netscape is not supported 2 Ping the switch IP address to see if the link is stable If some ping packets fail check your network setup to make sure a valid setting Console Interface Cannot show the texts on the terminal emulator 1 The factory default baud rate is 9600 no flow control 8 bit data no parity check and stop bit is one 2 Check if the cable is good ...

Page 68: ...ee also bit IP address network mask bit Short for binary digit a bit is a number that can have two values 0 or 1 See also binary bps bits per second CoS Class of Service Defined in 802 1Q the value range is from 0 to 7 Due to 4 internal traffic class mapping to 8 priority Only Cos value 0 2 5 7 are valid according to Cos Queue Mapping broadcast To send data to all computers on a network download To ...

Page 69: ...s like part of the Internet users access information using web browsers but is accessible only by employees IP See TCP IP IP address Internet Protocol address The address of a host computer on the Internet consisting of four numbers each from 0 to 255 separated by periods e g 209 191 4 240 An IP address consists of a network ID that identifies the particular network the host belongs to and a host I...

Page 70: ...s bit while bits set to 0 mean ignore this bit For example if the network mask 255 255 255 0 is applied to the IP address 100 10 50 1 the network ID is 100 10 50 and the host ID is 1 See also binary IP address subnet IP Addresses Explained section NIC Network Interface Card An adapter card that plugs into your computer and provides the physical interface to your network cabling which for Ethernet ...

Page 71: ...of the computers of the network and excludes all others The subnetʼs computers remain physically connected to the rest of the parent network but they are treated as though they were on a separate network See also network mask subnet mask A mask that defines a subnet See also network mask TCP See TCP IP TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The basic protocols used on the Internet T...

Page 72: ...N Wide Area Network Any network spread over a large geographical area such as a country or continent With respect to the SL 1000 WAN refers to the Internet Web browser A software program that uses Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTP to download information from and upload to web sites and displays the information which may consist of text graphic images audio or video to the user Web browsers use Hy...

Reviews:

No comments

Brands by name

Popular brands

Load more brands