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A real cellular modem must be able to conquer the cellular impairments and maintain a reliable
data link with reasonable data throughput through a cellular channel. Most modems claiming
cellular compatibility today lack most of this capability.

Link layer protocol like MNP10 responds slowly to a fast changing cellular line condition. Most
importantly, it does not do anything to enhance modem data pump performance or physical
communication robustness. It does little to help conquer cellular impairments.

ZyXEL CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY

ZyXEL developed special technologies for cellular data communications to provide reliable, high
throughput data links over a cellular channel.

A summary of these technologies includes:

FRS:

Fast Re-Synchronization of the modem after cell hand-off and power level

change.

CFEC: Cellular Forward Error Correction to correct fading errors.
DCSS: Dynamic Cellular Speed Selection to dynamically select the best operating

speed and mode in order to minimize error and maximize throughput.

ATPA: Automatic Transmit Power Adjustment selects the optimum transmit power so as

not to saturate the cellular channel.

RHE:

Reliable Handshake Enhancements. It ensures reliable connection set-up even

in very noisy line conditions. It also ensures reliable V.42 error control set-up. Other modems
may retry many times to make a successful handshake.

Besides physical layer enhancements, ZyXEL also does V.42 link layer enhancements.

ZyXEL CELLULAR MODES

In addition to normal modem, fax, and voice operation modes, the following cellular modes are
offered in the U-1496 series modems:

Mode

Speed

Multi-Auto

ZyX modes/V.32bis/V.32/V.22bis/G3 FAX/Cellular Modes

CELL 14400

14400/12000/9600/7200/4800/3600/2400

CELL 12000

12000/9600/7200/4800/3600/2400

CELL 9600

9600/7200/4800/3600/2400

CELL 7200

7200/4800/3600/2400

CELL 4800T

4800/3600/2400

CELL 4800C

4800/3600/2400

CELL 3600C

3600/2400

CELL 2400C

2400

CELL 14400 will connect with the other modem with cellular mode at a speed of up to 14400
bps. It will also connect with another V.32bis/V.32 modem. The actual speed depends on the line
condition. The modem will automatically fall-back or fall-forward within its speed range.

CELL 12000, CELL 9600, and CELL 7200 limit the maximum speed to 12000 bps, 9600 bps, and
7200 bps, respectively.

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Содержание U-1496 series

Страница 1: ...ZyXEL U 1496 Series Modems User s Manual Copyright 1994 1997 by ZyXEL Communications Corp...

Страница 2: ...ese plus versions have a faster processor and more memory space to support the ZyXEL 19200 bps high speed mode advanced voice capability and future updates with more enhanced features The basic featur...

Страница 3: ...cellular mode fax send and receive voice mail network management and diagnostic features Section five is the trouble shooting and special advice section Here you find additional information on how to...

Страница 4: ...4400 bps to 2400 bps speed range 1800 Hz guard tone for V 22bis V 22 answer mode 6 dB below data signal level Note V 33 V 29 V 27bis V 27ter and V 26bis are only available in models U 1496 and U 1496R...

Страница 5: ...96R Signal to noise ratio Receive signal level Frequency offset Phase jitter Retrain granted Retrain requested Round trip echo delay Carrier loss counter Rate change granted Rate change requested Bloc...

Страница 6: ...and cushioning materials for future storage or shipping needs Please direct any additional questions about damaged or missing materials to your dealer or distributor or to factory with address listed...

Страница 7: ...anel of the modem labeled PHONE Please refer to the illustration in Fig 3 3 DIAL UP OR LEASED LINE The U 1496E and U 1496B can connect to 2 wire dial up or leased lines only The U 1496 and U 1496R off...

Страница 8: ...connector together with its internal circuit on the DTE or DCE with electrical and mechanical characteristics according to RS 232C Since some signals are going from the DTE port to DCE port and some...

Страница 9: ...ications have a V prefix and are called V series recommendations The commonly used CCITT standards for 2 wire dial up line are V 32bis 14400 12000 7200 bps V 32 9600 4800 bps V 22bis 2400 bps V 22 120...

Страница 10: ...n result in response In data state the modem modulates the data received from the serial interface and sends the demodulated data to the serial interface as received data The user needs to know whethe...

Страница 11: ...lly sent for asynchronous character transmission The full character data is recovered at the other end thus the total throughput of the modem data transmission is increased The commonly used data comp...

Страница 12: ...k to bit mapped image data and prints it on paper normally with a thermal printer on thermal sensitive paper FAX CARD A fax card is an internal plug in card which must be specifically designed to fit...

Страница 13: ...atically detect data and fax calls ZyXEL also includes a fax receiving and printing program to allow a BBS to receive faxes and print them out in the background CALLER ID Normally called Caller Number...

Страница 14: ...hang up Instructing a cellular phone to change transmitting power will cause similar problems The other particularly annoying phenomenon is multipath fading Here a moving cellular phone will experien...

Страница 15: ...up when U 1496 is turned ON OH Off Hook indicator lights up when U 1496 is in data mode or off hook It goes out when U 1496 is in talk mode or on hook AA Auto Answer indicator lights up when U 1496 i...

Страница 16: ...there is no Leased Line jack A 2 wire leased line can be connected to the DIAL UP LINE jack for U 1496E and U 1496P MODE 05 If leased line is not used simply leave the connection out There are no DIP...

Страница 17: ...ndicator lights up when modem is operated in an error control mode like MNP 4 or V 42 Data compression mode V 42bis or MNP 5 implies error control mode Retransmission indicator lights up when retransm...

Страница 18: ...indicates ringing Red ON when in data state indicates bad signal quality Red and Green both FLASH the number of flashes indicate the error code of power on selftest LINE RJ 11 phone jack for 2 wire di...

Страница 19: ...dem connection It provides dial tone and ring signal to the modem Because of the absence of a cellular interface standard a special cellular adaptor is needed for each specific cellular phone Here we...

Страница 20: ...the equivalent AT command listed in this chapter instead LCD PANEL The U 1496 s commands options and parameters can be set changed and viewed from the front panel or viewed and changed through AT com...

Страница 21: ...his LED status screen has five status indicators DCD DSR CTS RTS and SQ These status indicators are identical to the LED indicators of the non LCD modems Some of the status indicators are better expre...

Страница 22: ...Characters 17 through 25 are displayed on the second line of the LCD display STORE NUMBER Again pressing the right arrow key from DIAL MEMORY will move the menu to STORE NUMBER Pressing the ENTER key...

Страница 23: ...When dialing a person use the telephone to make the call When someone on the other side answers decide who will be the Originate modem and who will be the Answer modem Once an agreement is reached us...

Страница 24: ...abort the redial operation Equivalent AT commands ATDL Repeat last dial A Repeat last command once A Repeat last command once retry the last call up to 9 depending on the country times AUTO ANSWER Mo...

Страница 25: ...he IDLE STATUS screen If the first handshaking signal has been detected the LCD screen will display MODE 18 If a connection has been made the LCD will display the actual connected status These are dat...

Страница 26: ...e screen back to the ON LINE STATUS screen 1 and the modem remains on line Pressing ENTER will hang up the line and cause the screen to revert to the IDLE STATUS screen awaiting for your next command...

Страница 27: ...Submenu selections are made by using the left and right arrow panel keys Pressing the ENTER key will access the parameter menu and pressing the up arrow key will return you to the CONFIGURATION menu P...

Страница 28: ...S For the rest of this chapter we will explain the parameter selections of each parameter menu and of each configuration submenu The large boldface title of each section is the name of each configurat...

Страница 29: ...serial port speed is set in accordance with the link rate If S44 6 1 the DTE speed is fixed at 19200 bps when the link speed is above 9600 and at 9600 when the link speed is 7200 and at link speed whe...

Страница 30: ...is case DSR OPTIONS ALWAYS ON AT S0 Modem forces DSR always ON DATA SET READY AT S1 According to CCITT DSR ON during handshake If S41 5 1 DSR follows DCD pulses off for 0 5 sec for DCD on off transiti...

Страница 31: ...AT N9 V 27bis 4800 V 27b 2400 AT N10 V 27bis 2400 V 26b 2400 AT N11 V 26bis 2400 V 23 1200 AT N12 V 23 1200 75 V 23 600 AT N13 V 23 600 75 V 22b 2400 AT N14 V 22bis 2400 1200 V 22 1200 AT N15 V 22 12...

Страница 32: ...LT DIAL PH0 PH9 AT D0 9 Default dial pointer The first phone number displayed in DIAL MEMORY menu default is PH0 If DTR option 108 1 is active DTR OFF ON transition will cause modem to dial the number...

Страница 33: ...untries have AT P1 as default SECONDARY CHANNEL Optional feature for models with N suffix DISABLED AT S0 Secondary channel disabled ENABLED AT S1 Secondary channel enabled 2400 bps or 75 300 bps PANEL...

Страница 34: ...he 2W LEASED line Note For wiring information on the leased line please refer to Appendix B U 1496E U 1496P and U 1496B can only connect a 2 wire leased line to their dial up jack ERROR CONTROL CONTRO...

Страница 35: ...e volume Speaker volume is set to maximum when in call progress monitoring if not ATM0 RING VOLUME 0 7 ATN0 7 Default is 5 The higher the value the higher the volume A value of 0 disables the ring fun...

Страница 36: ...43 000 S44 000 S45 100 S46 028 S47 064 S48 000 S49 000 S50 000 S51 000 S52 000 S53 000 S54 000 S55 000 S56 000 S57 000 S58 000 S59 000 OK Current settings are the active settings which will take effec...

Страница 37: ...0 S02 043 S03 013 S04 010 S05 008 S06 003 S07 050 S08 002 S09 006 S10 007 S11 070 S12 000 S13 000 S14 004 S15 130 S16 000 S17 018 S18 000 S19 000 S20 002 S21 050 S22 000 S23 105 S24 138 S25 000 S26 00...

Страница 38: ...2 000 S23 105 S24 138 S25 000 S26 000 S27 128 S28 068 S29 000 S30 000 S31 017 S32 019 S33 255 S34 030 S35 032 S36 000 S37 000 S38 000 S39 000 S40 000 S41 000 S42 000 S43 000 S44 000 S45 100 S46 028 S4...

Страница 39: ...6E U 1496P and U 1496B the default setting of this profile is the same as profile 0 since they don t have 4 wire mode Link Option MULTI AUTO Data Format SYNC DTR Ignored RTS CTS Tracks RTS DCD Tracks...

Страница 40: ...file n Profile n is also set as the power on profile SAVE TO PROFILE You can save your current settings to one of the four user profiles If you want to modify one of the profiles recall it as the acti...

Страница 41: ...e Chapter 17 for details Turn off power to stop testing Chapter Seven STATUS REGISTERS S Registers Status Registers contain values that determine and reflect how your modem operates and executes comma...

Страница 42: ...sing the decimal value do an ATS38 n to set the register Using ATS38 3 1 to do the same is much easier Note If you enter values from the U 1496 front panel use the sedecimal hex values S REGISTER DESC...

Страница 43: ...dem to distinguish between a line hit or other cause that momentarily breaks the connection and a true disconnection hanging up by the remote modem S11 Default 70 Sets the duration and spacing in mill...

Страница 44: ...S42b0 S18 Same value format as S20 If non zero forces the modem to use the fixed baud rate indicated by this value when answering A value of zero disables this function S19 Modem connection mode defau...

Страница 45: ...5 14 4 Kbps 6 12 0 Kbps 7 9 6 Kbps 8 7 2 Kbps 9 4 8 Kbps 10 3 6 Kbps 11 2 4 Kbps 12 1 8 Kbps 13 1 2 Kbps 14 600 bps 15 300 bps S21 Bit mapped register default 178 Dn 7 6 0 Modem ignores DTR signal ass...

Страница 46: ...rol result code enabled 7 Error control result code enabled Pn 2 0 Pulse dial make break ratio 39 61 1 Pulse dial make break ratio 33 67 T 1 0 Tone dial P 1 Pulse dial En 0 0 Command echo disabled 1 C...

Страница 47: ...le dial backup n Enable dial backup and set dial backup phone number pointer at location n 1 n 1 9 in the EEPROM See also S44b2 Note When the leased line has become unoperational modem will automatica...

Страница 48: ...e 2 security with password check and call back remote site enters the call back number Note In security type 1 the remote site must be a ZyXEL modem In security type 2 the remote site can be any other...

Страница 49: ...apped register default 000 7 Reserved 6 1 Enable type 4 ring detection 5 1 Enable type 3 ring detection 4 1 Enable type 2 ring detection 3 1 Enable type 1 ring detection 2 1 Enable caller ID detection...

Страница 50: ...E speed fixed at current rate when an ARQ connection is made when a non ARQ connection is made DTE speed follows link rate 5 1 Enable V 13 half duplex simulation in synchronous mode 4 1 DSR follows DT...

Страница 51: ...ommand set Each command should be entered following an AT prefix A mark placed before an AT command in the list indicates that it is a default setting A Answer mode on line See also S39b2 B0 Select CC...

Страница 52: ...Modem does not return result code Q2 Modem returns result code but quiet after answering on a RING See also S42b2 Sr n Set S Register r to value n n must be a decimal number between 0 255 Sr Display v...

Страница 53: ...enabled Data Compression included SREJ is appended if V 42 with selective reject is connected When more than one type of Distinctive Ring is turned on S40b3 6 RING n will be reported n Ring type 1 4 U...

Страница 54: ...0 DTE DCE rate follows link rate If the communication software package has auto baud rate detection please turn it ON See also S44b6 B1 DTE DCE rate fixed at DTE setting range from 300 to 76 8Kbps Def...

Страница 55: ...0 V 32 9600T 9600 7200T 4800 V 22bis 2400 1200 V 22 1200 Bell 212A 1200 V 17 FAX 14400 12000 9600 7200 V 29 FAX 9600 7200 V 27ter FAX 4800 2400 and cellular modes 14400 2400 Default N1 V 33 14400 1200...

Страница 56: ...te Local Digital Loopback LDL test T4 Grant Remote Digital Loopback request from remote modem T5 Deny Remote Digital Loopback request from remote modem Default T6 Initiate Remote Digital Loopback RDL...

Страница 57: ...d check G2 Enable type 1 security with password check and call back G3 Enable type 2 security with password check G4 Enable type 2 security with password check and call back G5 Enable type 2 security...

Страница 58: ...ity is poor Q2 Adaptive rate auto fall back or fall forward Default Q3 Disconnect for poor signal quality Rab Read remote profile b to local profile a a 0 3 local user profile number b 0 3 remote user...

Страница 59: ...96 series is 256 bytes The maximum number of outstanding blocks without acknowledgements is 31 for 128 byte blocks These values are adjustable according to the modem on the other side 2 CRC Cyclical R...

Страница 60: ...ses it can be 50 to 100 higher and in other cases it is just a little bit higher In general it is about 50 better in efficiency Run length Encoding Run length encoding is applied in an attempt to avoi...

Страница 61: ...If error control negotiation fails keep the no error control connection Default DISCONNECT AT E1 If not error control linked disconnect the line No matter what control level is enabled DTE speed can a...

Страница 62: ...Flow control is necessary so that a device computer or modem does not receive more data than it can handle The U 1496 series modems provide two kinds of flow control methods Hardware CTS RTS Flow Cont...

Страница 63: ...nerated by the sendeing DTE INTERNAL AT X0 Modem provides the clock and sends it to DTE Adaptive rate can be used Default EXTERNAL AT X1 DTE provides the clock and sends it to modem Must use auto retr...

Страница 64: ...select the default dial pointer Set D1 and either M1 or M3 then raise DTR from your terminal or communication software The modem will dial the default stored number After the modem is connected the m...

Страница 65: ...lines transmit and receive on the same pair of wires In some countries a distinction is made between different kinds of leased lines Kind CCITT Norm Description Standard M1040 This is a line with spec...

Страница 66: ...mmunication circuit between two modems is always connected Dialing and waiting for rings do not happen in this situation If these two modems want to establish a data link one must be designated the or...

Страница 67: ...ode modem will automatically dial the number stored in the memory address selected The answer mode modem will monitor the dial up line for rings The originating modem will try to dial the number up to...

Страница 68: ...ection and the local modem will do the password checking Two levels of security are provided In level 1 security the local modem will maintain the connection if the password checking is OK otherwise t...

Страница 69: ...number it will be prompted to do so REMOTE CONFIGURATION The U 1496 series modems provide the remote configuration capability that a local modem can configure the remote modem and reconnect at the ne...

Страница 70: ...he remote configuration once CALLER NUMBER DELIVERY CND Caller Number Delivery CND or commonly called Caller ID is a new kind of phone service that may be offered by your local phone company Check you...

Страница 71: ...ny Check your phone company for availability With this service you can have several phone numbers assigned to the same phone line The phone company will send a different type of ring signal for each p...

Страница 72: ...r different types of ring The manufacturer may append other sets of ring type specifications to suit other countries needs V 25bis COMMAND SET V 25bis is a dialing command set standard defined by CCIT...

Страница 73: ...ilable CELLULAR IMPAIRMENTS In the process of hand off the radio link hence the modem carrier will be interrupted for 0 2 second to 1 2 seconds A normal modem will respond with retrain which takes abo...

Страница 74: ...stment selects the optimum transmit power so as not to saturate the cellular channel RHE Reliable Handshake Enhancements It ensures reliable connection set up even in very noisy line conditions It als...

Страница 75: ...nd leave the modem on multi auto The modem takes care of all others S49b7 is to tell the modem where the modem is installed If S49b7 0 the modem is installed in an office connected to a normal telepho...

Страница 76: ...esult codes flow control protocol and fax applications The instructions for using the accompanying modem fax voice utility program are contained in the document file in the software disk Please refer...

Страница 77: ...s V 27ter br 2 Bit rate 7200 bit s V 29 or V 17 br 3 Bit rate 9600 bit s V 29 or V 17 br 4 Bit rate 12000 bit s V 17 br 5 Bit rate 14400 bit s V 17 wd 0 Page Width 1728 pixels in 215mm wd 1 Page Widt...

Страница 78: ...care See PN 2388 for command details The Class 2 Command Responses Response Function and Description FCIG String Report remote ID response CIG FCFR Confirmation to receive prompt FCONFacsimile connec...

Страница 79: ...xtended Fax AT commands you need to send the command AT FCLASS 6 first Following are the fax related AT commands Mode Setting F Set the modem into V17G3 FAX mode same function as the extended AT comma...

Страница 80: ...s at 3 85 line mm T 7 7 1 2 T 3 85 C7 Set minimum scan line time capability at the receiver 0 ms at 3 85 line mm T 7 7 T 3 85 P Set the local phone number the phone number following the character P ca...

Страница 81: ...em that the fax message is finished As soon as RTS off is detected the modem starts the post message handshaking to make sure that the remote facsimile has received the fax message successfully then h...

Страница 82: ...l disconnect since S38 bit 4 is set and the fax machine will get the line The fax machine will handshake successfully in this case RECEIVE FAX IN THE BBS SYSTEM The ZyXEL modem has the unique feature...

Страница 83: ...ar phone quality voice at a 9 6 kbps speech data rate A summary of these three schemes is listed below Digitization Speech Compression Data Rate Scheme Algorithm CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction 96...

Страница 84: ...ls The following is a summary of the supported voice AT commands COMMAND SYNTAX AT is used as the command line prefix The voice command takes one of the following forms V CM read current setting V CM...

Страница 85: ...rn permitted modes The response is 0 2 8 OK with CR LF between each line ATA with AT FCLASS 8 This command causes DCE to answer the phone DCE will return the VCON result code immediately ATD with AT F...

Страница 86: ...shall perform on hook on an ATH command Value 2 the DCE will disable automatic hang ups This behavior will persist until the DTE issues ATH ATZ or AT VIP command or DTR drop The DCE shall not perform...

Страница 87: ...vity Timer 7 sec Silence interval 7 sec VSD Ringback goes away timer 7 sec VRA Ringback never appeared timer 5 7 sec VRN Default beep tone duration 1 sec VBT VTS Result codes OK The DCE issues this re...

Страница 88: ...lt codes OK The DCE issues this result code if DCE accepts this command ERROR The DCE issues this result code if value is out of range AT VRA DCE will return current Ringback Goes Away Timer followed...

Страница 89: ...ETX character pair followed by the VCON result code AT VSD sds sdi This command causes the DCE to set the silence detection sensitivity and the required period of silence before the DCE can report sil...

Страница 90: ...to report current compression settings in the following form cml scs vsr OK with CR LF between each line Where cml compression method label scs silence compression sensitivity vsr voice sampling rate...

Страница 91: ...ASCII character as a DTMF digit and the number as the duration of the tone AT VTS This command causes the DCE to report the allowable tone string elements The response is as follows 0 200 3300 0 200...

Страница 92: ...tion is enabled only in PLAY and RECORD mode 1 DTMF detection is enabled as soon as the AT VLS 2 command is sent Note AT auto DTE speed detection is disabled when DTMF detection is enabled VOICE DATA...

Страница 93: ...Start to record CONNECT DATA AT Stop recording DATA DLE ETX VCON Return to command state AT VLS 0 Deactivate external microphone or telephone set on LINE Jack OK AT FCLASS 0 Return to data mode OK 2 V...

Страница 94: ...ASS 8 Switch to voice mode OK AT VSM 1 CELP 1 0 9600 2 ADPCM 2 0 9600 3 ADPCM 3 0 9600 OK AT VSM 1 Select CELP compression method OK AT VLS 2 Connect to line VCON AT VTX Start to play CONNECT DATA DLE...

Страница 95: ...T DATA DLE b DCE detects busy tone or or DLE q long period of quiet AT Stop recording DATA DCE deliver remaining data DLE ETX VCON Return to command state AT VLS 0 Deactivate line connection OK AT FCL...

Страница 96: ...a call DTE DCE comments AT FCLASS 8 Switch to voice mode OK AT VSM 1 CELP 1 0 9600 2 ADPCM 2 0 9600 3 ADPCM 3 0 9600 OK AT VSM 1 Select CELP compression method OK AT VLS 2 Connect to line VCON AT VTX...

Страница 97: ...witch Box can be used to interface the telephone set to the modem On one side of the Switch Box it connects to the phone line and telephone set on the other side it connects to the modem s LINE and PH...

Страница 98: ...Usually control down the modem hierarchy is through the secondary channel attached to any existing modem links between modem sites Alternatively a dedicated modem link between two sites with racks can...

Страница 99: ...STEM TESTING Self test start indicator if no error occurs this message will continue up to the end of the test 1 ROM TEST FAIL ROM code checksum error 2 RAM TEST FAIL System RAM fail 3 XROM CHKSUM ERR...

Страница 100: ...e modem is off line MODE 23 ANALOG LOOPBACK WITH SELF TEST AT T8 This test generates data from the modem itself instead of input data from an RS 232 cable The data will go through the same path as the...

Страница 101: ...lashes for any bit error This test is applicable when the remote modem and local modem both provide V 54 Remote Digital Loopback capability The Control Level field of the LCD screen for initiated mode...

Страница 102: ...ence between the transmitted carrier frequency and the received carrier frequency In ON LINE SCREEN 3 there are four counters for recording the action or reaction the modem takes when a line condition...

Страница 103: ...rors 0 Round Trip Delay 110 Xmitter Underrun 0 Receiver Overrun 0 Last Speed Protocol Connect 14400 ARQ V42b Disconnect Reason Local Hang Up This Link Status Report is very helpful in finding out the...

Страница 104: ...l protocol parameter The maximum allowable number of octets in a block Actual block size can be smaller Retrains Requested Number of times the local modem has requested retrain Each request is a bad r...

Страница 105: ...imeout DTR Dropped Carrier Lost 1 No handshaking response Carrier Lost 2 Remote hang up busy tone heard THROUGHPUT DISPLAY If the modem is operated in asynchronous operation we can tell the line quali...

Страница 106: ...the eye pattern RESETTING THE MODEM If you change the modem s setting and cannot get it back or you just want to get back to the factory default state the following reset procedure will reset the mod...

Страница 107: ...us models need 2M EPROM The other suffix character meanings are S for U 1496 stand alone B for U 1496B R for U 1496R Each firmware release is a set of two firmware files with extension U24 and U25 For...

Страница 108: ...be ZyXEL only guarantees features listed in the original product description New releases of the firmware are released as EPROM files through bulletin board systems and networks...

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