UA
iSUSW
NSUvOf
aO]XUOPHQRRcf
iSUSWQaQbeROg
NUOPHUsg
msmkf
olmxm
e[\if_c
]\tfxf
e^]`m
emkc{`mbk
,
kmtc
e[\
rmxm
]]td`^``
_m
^i^dk[mt^[^{
bi_
]\dm[\bkm]c]fk\
t^[^{`\r
f_fek^[
.
-
|bkf]k^
f_fek^[
c
x`g_m
,
[mgkfm]f`^
`f
smdm]r
em]^[p`
e^[^_f]fil`mxm
e[\bk[mj
,
]]td`kl
rmxm
_m
^i^dk[mt^[^{
-
fig. A
.
Z^[^_f]fil`\r
e[\bk[r
bi_
]bkf`m]\k\
`f
]\bmk
,
c
]^[k\dfil`mtc
emim{^``
,
`f
]_bkf`
]_
1
_m
3
t^k[]
]_
_\k\`\
.
dvm
]\
sf{fk^
dm[\bkc]fk\bn
e[\if_mt
s^g
e[m]m_c
,
]\
tm{^k^
kfdm{
]bkf]\k\
3
ic{`
sfkf[^rd\
LR03 1,5
|
AAA
c
]_bd
_in
sfkf[^rmd
.
]fxf
,
e[\if_
e[foj]fk\t^
]_
sfkf[^rmd
i\^
]
kmtc
[fg
,
ndvm
t^[^{`\r
f_fek^[
g
x`g_f
sc_^
]\r`nkm
.
-
|_d[\rk^
]_bd
,
vm
g`fpm_\klbn
`f
gf_`r
em]^[p`
e[\if_c
,
kf
]bkf]k^
3
sfkf[^rd\
(
`^
`f_f`
]
dmtei^dk
),
emkt
gfd[\rk^
rmxm
-
fig. B
.
iUOgfQbeROg
NUOPHUsg
Z[\bk[r
e[foj
g
3
fdctcinkm[ft\
k\ec
N
MH
g
tm{i\]bkj
e^[^gf[n_d\
,
nd
`f_f`
c
dmtei^dk
g
e[\if_mt
,
f
kfdm{
tbk\kl
c
bms
sfgc
_in
p
gf[n_{^``n
.
-
|_d[\rk^
]_bd
,
vm
g`fpm_\klbn
`f
gf_`r
em]^[p`
e[\if_c
,
kf
]bkf]k^
3
fdctcinkm[\
,
emkt
gfd[\rk^
rmxm
-
fig. C
.
-
|bkf]k^
f_fek^[
c
x`g_m
,
[mgkfm]f`^
`f
gf_`r
em]^[p`
sfg\
_in
gf[n_{^``n
,
kf
]]td`kl
rmxm
_m
^i^dk[mt^[^{
-
fig. D
.
]fxf
,
ndvm
]\
]]td`^k^
f_fek^[
c
x`g_m
`f
smdm]r
em]^[p`
e[\rtfil`mxm
e[\bk[mj
,
fdctcinkm[\
`^
gf[n_{fk\tcklbn
.
-
|bkf`m]kl
e[\rtfil`\r
e[\bk[r
`f
sfgc
_in
gf[n_{^``n
fdctcinkm[]
kf
gfi\k^
p
gf[n_{fk\bn
e[\`frt`
`f
e[mkng
12
xm_\`
.
e[mo^b
gf[n_{f``n
`_\dfkm[
sfg\
_in
gf[n_{^``
14
b]k\klbn
h^[]m`\t
dmilm[mt
,
f
emkt
gt`j
rmxm
`f
g^i^`\r
,
dmi\
fdctcinkm[\
em]`bkj
gf[n_{^`
.
wX_XHQ
NUObQWk
oinp
gt^`^``n
[\g\d]
`k^[q^[^`o
kf
gfs^ge^h^``n
d[fvm
ndmbk
hck`mbk
,
c
]fmtc
`k^[qm`
tfklbn
2
df`fi\
g
15
dm_ft\
`f
dm{^`
g
`\p
.
Z^[]b`c
`fbk[mrdc
]fmxm
e[\if_c
g_rb`^`m
`f
df`fi
w
/
dm_
1.
in
kmxm
vms
gt`\k\
o
ef[ft^k[\
,
]\dm`frk^
`\{h^`f]^_^`
embi_m]`mbk
:
|\s[
df`fic
:
fk\b`kl
`f
dif]c
,
`f
_\bei^
]\b]hcklbn
df`fi
CH A.
in
kmxm
vms
gt`\k\
df`fi
,
`fk\b`kl
`f
dif]c
C
,
emkt
`f
m_`c
g
`f]xfor`\p
dif]
.
in
e_k]^[_{^``n
]fmxm
]\sm[c
`fk\b`kl
g`m]
`f
dif]c
C
.
|\s[
dm_c
:
Z[\if_
]\td`^`m
.
fk\b`kl
kf
ck[\tcrk^
dif]c
C
,
emkt
`fk\b`kl
`f
dif]c
kf
]_ecbkkl
.
f
_\bei^
]\b]hcklbn
,
emsi\tcjh\
,
dm_
1,
f
kfdm{
-
fig. E
.
|\s^[kl
m_\`
g
15
dm_]
gf
_memtmxmj
`f]xfor`\p
dif]
.
in
e_k]^[_{^``n
]fmxm
]\sm[c
`fk\b`kl
g`m]
`f
dif]c
C
.
qaQhQ
,
NSUSW
HOf
c]
`WsgPROHO
aPHQRXabSRRc
Q_X
`QfsRk
Q]kfkbcHXUsa
NUOgfQbeRXhX
NUOPHUXd
,
NSUS]XRQgHSPc
a
HXfk
,
jX
NUObQW
aOf]RkHX
.
rQ[OPH
RQa]XbOvReXhX
PSUSWXaOjQ
:
nSg
NUObQW
fsPHOHe
k
PX_s
Q]kfkbcHXUO
/
_QHQUSg]O
.
l
nsbc[
`_SUshQRRc
RQa]XbOvReXhX
PSUSWXaOjQ
,
RS
aO]OWQgHS
aO]XUOPHQRs
Q]kfkbcHXUO
/
_QHQUSg]O
,
Q
asWRSPsHe
x[
WX
asWNXasWRXhX
NUOgfQbeRXhX
NkR]Hk
.
oS
aO]OWQgHS
x[
UQ`Xf
s`
NX_kHXaOf
PfsHHcf
.
qaQhQ
:
aPHQRXabSRs
]QRQb
s
]XW
NXaORRs
_kHO
sWSRHO\ROfO
RQ
NSUSWQaQbeRXfk
s
NUOgfQbeRXfk
NUOPHUXc[
.
pbc
HXhX
jX_
WS`Q]HOakaQHO
]XWkaQRRc
,
PbsW
RQPHUXxHO
]XW
RQ
0,
Q_X
,
a
UQ`s
HOf\QPXaXx
WS`Q]HOaQnsx
,
RQHOPRkHO
RQ
]bQasvk
RQ
NUOgfQbeRXfk
NUOPHUXx
.
iSUSWQaQbeROg
NUOPHUsg
|]td`^``n
:
fk\b`kl
`f
dif]c
.
dvm
b\x`fi
b]kim]mxm
`_\dfkm[f
4
:
^i^`mxm
dmilm[c
g
Z[\if_
c
[^{\t
mhdc]f``n
,
`^
em]il`\t
t\xmk``nt
gfqdbm]f`m
`ndmxm
ctm]mxm
b\x`fic
^i^`mxm
dmilm[c
g
_rb`jklbn
e^[^_fhf
b\x`fic
]\_d\t
t\xmk``nt
|_bck`r
Z[\if_
c
emim{^``
OFF /
|_bck`bkl
{\]i^``n
]_
^i^dk[mt^[^{
kf
]_
sfkf[^rmd
|_[^xcijrk^
hcki\]bkl
td[mqm`f
,
`fk\bdcjh\
`f
dif]c
,
emkt
`f
m_`c
g
`f]xfor`\p
dif]
.
in
e_k]^[_{^``n
]fmxm
]\sm[c
`fk\b`kl
`f
dif]c
.
|
[fg
]\t\df``n
bk[ctc
,
_in
em]km[`mxm
]]td`^``n
e[\if_c
,
`fk\b`kl
`f
dif]c
.
iUOgfQbeROg
NUOPHUsg
Z[\bk[r
e^[^`mb`\t
.
f]_nd\
dieb
rmxm
tm{`f
gfd[e\k\
,
`fe[\dif_
,
`f
emnb
.
|]td`^``n
:
fk\b`kl
`f
dif]c
.
dvm
b\x`fi
b]kim]mxm
`_\dfkm[f
4
:
^i^`mxm
dmilm[c
g
Z[\if_
c
[^{\t
mhdc]f``n
,
`^
em]il`\t
t\xmk``nt
gfqdbm]f`m
`ndmxm
ctm]mxm
b\x`fic
^i^`mxm
dmilm[c
g
_rb`jklbn
e[\rtf``n
b\x`fic
]\_d\t
t\xmk``nt
|_bck`r
Z[\if_
c
emim{^``
OFF /
|_bck`bkl
{\]i^``n
]_
^i^dk[mt^[^{
kf
]_
sfkf[^rmd
|_[^xcijrk^
[]^`l
xch`mbk
e[\rmt`mxm
b\x`fic
,
`fk\bdcjh\
`f
m_`c
g
`f]xfor`\p
dif]
.
dvm
gfb]kijjklbn
h^[]m`
`_\dfkm[\
12
,
o^
mg`fhf
,
vm
e[\rtfil`\r
e[\bk[r
qdbc
ctm]
b\x`fi\
.
dvm
e[\rtfil`\r
e[\bk[r
`f_b\if
dm[mkd
g]cdm]
b\x`fi\
,
o^
mg`fhf
]k[fkc
gm`\
emd[\kkn
t^[^{
,
]\t\df``n
e^[^_f]fil`mxm
e[\bk[mj
fsm
`fbk[mrdc
`^
`f
`fi^{`\r
df`fi
.
`k^[qm`
_in
sfkld]
e^[^_f
g]cdm]\r
b\x`fi
g
dt`fk\
,
_^
g`fpm_\klbn
_\k\`f
.
[fg
]_bck`mbk
sc_l
-
ndmxm
ctc
e[\if_
e^[^pm_\kl
_m
[^{\tc
mhdc]f``n
.
umi\
]\`\df
ctm]\r
b\x`fi
,
rmxm
g]cd
e^[^_fklbn
,
b]knklbn
h^[]m`
`_\dfkm[\
g]cdm]mxm
[]`n
b\x`fic
.
p
dildbkl
e[mem[or`f
`k^`b\]`mbk
e^[^_f]f`mxm
g]cdc
.
Z^[^_f]fil`\r
e[\bk[r
[mgemh\`f
e[foj]fk\
]_km_
,
dmi\
ct
_mbnxf
t`tfil`mxm
em[mxm]mxm
g`fh^``n
.
in
kmxm
vms
]\td`ck\
e[\bk[m
,
`fk\b`kl
`f
dif]c
.
pXhbcW
in
h\v^``n
e[\if_c
]\dm[\bkm]crk^
gi^xdf
]mimxc
kdf`\`c
s^g
gfbkmbc]f``n
t\jh\p
gfbms]
.
zk^{k^
gf
k\t
,
vms
cb^[^_\`c
e[\bk[m]
`^
emk[feinif
]m_f
.
30
31