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XTT 5000 User's Manual

Technology: Ethernet Frame Size and Efficiency

Home

Because each frame is followed by a frame gap and preamble, there is an inherent

inefficiency built into Ethernet traffic. The percentage of bandwidth lost to the 20
bytes of

IPG

and preamble is lower for larger frames than smaller frames, as shown:

Data size

Overhead
/frame

Frames/sec. Total

bits

lost

(oh)

% of
Bandwidth
Lost

64 Bytes
(512 bits)

160 bits

1,488,095

238,095,238

23%

128 Bytes

(1024 bits)

160 bits

844,594

135,135,135

13%

512 Bytes

(4096 bits)

160 bits

234,962

37,593,984

3.7%

1024
Bytes

(8192 bits)

160 bits

119,731

19,157,088

1.9%

1518
Bytes

(12144
bits)

160 bits

81,274

13,003,901

1.3%

Frame Rates

Frame Size Efficiency

Where do you want to go next?

Ethernet Frames

Ethernet Overview

Throughput Stream Results

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152

Содержание XTT 5000

Страница 1: ...XTT 5000 User s Manual...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...32 RJ 45 Port Setup Auto Negotiation Off Home 33 Pause Frame Delay Home 34 Port Pause Home 35 Port Duplex Home 36 Asymmetric Pause Home 37 RJ 45 Port Polarity Home 38 SFP Port Configuration Home 39 XF...

Страница 4: ...es Home 96 RFC 2544 Frame Loss Back to Back Setup Home 97 Stream Table Setup Home 99 RFC2544 Summary Results Home 101 RFC2544 Thruput Latency Results Home 103 RFC2544 Frame Loss Table Results Home 104...

Страница 5: ...Home 151 Technology Ethernet Frame Size and Efficiency Home 152 Technology Gaussian Frame Probability Home 153 Technology Frame Interval Home 154 Technology Ethernet MAC Addresses Home 155 Technology...

Страница 6: ......

Страница 7: ...ose of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE as unsorted municipal waste For proper disposal return the product to Sunrise Telecom Please contact our local offices or service centers for info...

Страница 8: ...rgy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause...

Страница 9: ...system Customer Service Contact Sunrise Telecom view warranty information Port Setup Choose a Port Set up test ports Port Address Configure test port addresses if necessary RJ 45 Negotiation On RJ 45...

Страница 10: ...roughput Latency Results Throughput Chart Results Thruput Aggregate Results IP Ping Testing IP Testing Application IP Setup Tab Choose PING or TRACEROUTE test setup IP and VLAN details Ping Test Setup...

Страница 11: ...XTT 5000 System Monitor Applications Monitor Setup Technology Overview Learn about Ethernet technology 5...

Страница 12: ...es Yes and No cancel Press to begin taking measurements Press to stop a test The Results button at the top right takes you to the results screens but doesn t actually start a test Press to select a ne...

Страница 13: ...s Press the button to select a different port to use Flow control Transmits a flow control pause frame according to parameters set on the active port LED Reset Clears all historical LED data so the LE...

Страница 14: ...pecified on the packing list were received 4 Complete the Warranty Registration Card and return it immediately to Sunrise Telecom Note Sunrise Telecom must receive the Warranty Registration Card in or...

Страница 15: ...ile Manager System Administrator Access XTT 5000 system information and setups Eject SD Card Safely eject an SD memory card Eject USB Drive Safely eject a USB memory drive Important Note Caution Exter...

Страница 16: ...SFP and XFP ports depending on the configuration ordered See Port_Address See Choose a Port See SFPs and XFPs are hot swappable Handle the bale carefully and avoid touching the end of the connector Se...

Страница 17: ...o go next Unpacking Details Configure an RJ 45 port Configure an SFP port Meas Setup Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback...

Страница 18: ...e raceways and plenums whenever they are available Don t use tie wraps as you would with electrical cables Tie wraps will put strain on the fiber The next figure shows the proper method of wrapping an...

Страница 19: ...he ferrules since this will leave an oily deposit from your fingers Do not allow uncapped connectors to drop on the floor How to Clean Should a fiber connector become dirty or exhibit high loss carefu...

Страница 20: ...dditional assistance Customer Service Sunrise Telecom Incorporated 302 Enzo Drive San Jose CA 95138 U S A Tel 1 408 363 8000 or 1 800 701 5208 24 hours Fax 1 408 363 8313 Internet http www sunrisetele...

Страница 21: ...x 39 029 287 8764 SUNRISE TELECOM JAPAN Aoyamakouei Bldg 2F 2 7 24 Kita Aoyama Minato Ku Tokyo 107 0061 JAPAN Tel 81 3 5772 3403 Fax 81 3 5770 4037 info sunrisetelecom co jp SUNRISE TELECOM LATIN AMER...

Страница 22: ...be One 1 Year from date of shipment to CUSTOMER The COMPANY may also sell warranty extensions or provide a warranty term of three years with the original sale which provide a longer coverage period f...

Страница 23: ...Operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product 5 Improper site preparation or maintenance or 6 Improper installation by CUSTOMER Where do you want to go next Throughput Test Se...

Страница 24: ...he basic configuration RFC2544 NE TEST Take measurements in accordance with RFC 2544 IP TEST Perform an IP Ping Test to check Layer 3 connectivity LOOPBACK Loop incoming traffic back to its source MON...

Страница 25: ...ed in the past Press LED Reset to clear the flashing LED Details Link Connected not connected Ethernet link status ACT Activity status of the Ethernet link ERR Received errors PAT Test pattern errors...

Страница 26: ...p Mode TIMED Set the length of time a timed test will run once you press Start Start Date Enter the Year Month and Day to begin measurements Start Mode PROGRAM On the calendar which appears use the ar...

Страница 27: ...XTT 5000 System Where do you want to go next Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Tech Ethernet Overview Home 21...

Страница 28: ...Power Statistic Meaning AC Power ON if the unit is plugged in OFF if it is not Total Charge The percentage of charge remaining in the battery see the Battery icon Remaining Time When running on batter...

Страница 29: ...ay on the pop window Get Local Time Align the XTT 5000 system clock to the time that is local to the PC with the browser Applies when XTT 5000 is controlled from a remote browser Where do you want to...

Страница 30: ...e click on it Move backward or forward a year Move backward or forward a month Set the Calendar Date Where do you want to go next System Setup The Working Desktop Configure an RJ 45 port Configure an...

Страница 31: ...your time zone The window will close and return you to the System Setup window Where do you want to go next System Setup The Working Desktop Home Configure an RJ 45 port Configure an SFP port Meas Se...

Страница 32: ...time of day in the hours minutes seconds format Enter the time using the number pad Select AM or PM at the bottom of the number pad Where do you want to go next The Working Desktop System Setup Config...

Страница 33: ...ed XTT 5000 automatically retrieves the appropriate IP address when connected to a LAN When enabled the previous three items are grayed out MAC Address View the LAN port s MAC address DNS servers Para...

Страница 34: ...econds The Install Update button becomes available if a new update is found Press it to install the update XTT 5000 will look for upgrade files in the following locations in order USB Drive SD Card Ne...

Страница 35: ...y addresses and view the factory default MAC Source address The port numbers refer to the port labels on the outside of the unit A number pad will appear for you to edit the addresses with Make sure t...

Страница 36: ......

Страница 37: ...ss if necessary Choose a port to test with Tests can run on all three ports at the same time Port1 XFP 10 GigE test Port2 3 RJ 45 10 100 1000BASE T test Port2 3 SFP 1000BASE T or 100BASE FX test Possi...

Страница 38: ...ex 100M Half Full Duplex 1000M Half Full Duplex The unit can advertise itself as running at the rate s you select by pressing the rate buttons Pause On Off Set if the local device will respond to paus...

Страница 39: ...Negotiation to on you can set how the XTT 5000 advertises itself When Auto Negotiation is set to Off configure the following Parameter Options Description Port Rate 10M 100M 1000M Set the line rate Po...

Страница 40: ...se frame sent by the XTT 5000 On the RJ45 port setup window Auto Negotiation off touch the Pause Frame Delay s button to access this setting A number pad appears for you to enter the number with Press...

Страница 41: ...control frames On The test port will not stop upon reception of flow control frames Set how the local device will respond to pause packets XTT 5000 will only send pause frames when you choose and it w...

Страница 42: ...link up in half duplex mode Data cannot be transmitted and received at the same time Full The local device will attempt to link up in full duplex mode The data can be transmitted and received at the s...

Страница 43: ...ymmetric Pause settings only apply to Auto Negotiation You may always transmit pause frames regardless of this setting Upon completion of the auto negotiation information exchange the arbitration proc...

Страница 44: ...ever type of cable you use Options Auto Straight through Cross over Auto The unit automatically determines the polarity of the cable connected to the Ethernet port Straight through Force the Ethernet...

Страница 45: ...iver has disabled Pause Auto Negotiation Result When Auto Negotiation is On view the results of the negotiations Data includes Statistic Details Line Rate Duplex XTT 5000 duplex Half or Full Link Part...

Страница 46: ...eceipt of flow control packets Off Transmission stops Set the pause transmission Pause Frame Delay 0 to 3355 s Set the length of time indicated by the Pause frame sent by the module Remember to make s...

Страница 47: ...y the quality of service provided over an Ethernet network Unlike a Layer 1 BERT the Layer 2 BERT generates valid MAC frames so that the test traffic can traverse through bridges and switches Caution...

Страница 48: ...f the unit Failed to resolve the host via ARP one of two things are likely responsible The IP Address configuration on the test equipment does not match the network you are testing Solution Enable DHC...

Страница 49: ...Throughput Testing Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Working Desktop Home 43...

Страница 50: ...is not required Many problems with Layer 1 testing can be corrected by performing a Layer 2 test How to Perform Layer 1 BER Testing 1 From the drop down menu select Throughput as the test type 2 Confi...

Страница 51: ...test Press then to start the BERT The Summary Results window will open automatically Wait a few moments and you should see No Errors on the Summary tab Where do you want to go next Throughput Summary...

Страница 52: ...XTT 5000 User s Manual L1 BERT Diagram Home Layer 1 BERT Applications Where do you want to go next Home 46...

Страница 53: ...test type 2 Configure the port RJ 45 Fast Ethernet Augo Negotiation On Port Rate Match the rate of the line under test 10M 100M 1000M Port Duplex FULL Pause OFF RJ 45 Polarity AUTO Pause Frame Delay 0...

Страница 54: ...start the BERT The Summary Results window will open automatically Wait a few moments and you should see No Errors on the Summary tab Where do you want to go next Throughput Summary Results Throughput...

Страница 55: ...Throughput Testing L2 BERT Diagram Home Layer 2 BERT Where do you want to go next Home 49...

Страница 56: ...bits without framing containing 8B 10B line coding for RJ 45 and SFP ports L2 PRBS FCS Layer 2 Framed The BERT is performed at OSI Layer 1 physical layer using the FCS or the CRC field defined for an...

Страница 57: ...ton Function Structure Tap a frame element in the table to configure the frame Total Streams View set the number of streams in use Use the Total Streams keypad to enter a new quantity 1 16 of streams...

Страница 58: ...XTT 5000 User s Manual Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Working Desktop Home 52...

Страница 59: ...m Table Frame Size 34 12 000 bytes depending on the rate Enter the total length of the Ethernet frame in the number pad which pops up The XTT 5000 allows for undersized and oversized frames See the Fr...

Страница 60: ...from the current stream or from the first stream Increment The frame element settings will increase by one each time Press From Stream to enter the number of the stream to start applying the Increment...

Страница 61: ...Throughput Testing Home 55...

Страница 62: ...considered invalid To avoid potential problems with how a network device interprets the Ethertype field 0800 is automatically chosen when IP is selected for the frame setup MAC Source Destination Ente...

Страница 63: ...ing of 5 indicates an IP header of 20 bytes Type of Service Ver4 RFC1349 RFC2474 Select the Type of Service protocol This selection determines the rest of the third column See the TOS parameters Flag...

Страница 64: ...xt Header Ver6 8 bits Specifies the next encapsulated protocol or the presence of an extension header Hop Limit Ver6 8 bits Packet TTL count Type of Service Parameters Statistic Options Details Preced...

Страница 65: ...perimental label S One digit Enter the end of stack label Time to Live 0 255 hops The Time Time to Live label expires at the conclusion of this number of hops MPLS Label Parameters See Auto Fill to co...

Страница 66: ...Type 2 31 2 23 2 20 2 15 1111 1010 0000 User User 1024 Select a test pattern to perform a BERT with Not all patterns are available for all configurations User Pattern Data 1 32 Enter the four byte tes...

Страница 67: ...Throughput Testing Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Home 61...

Страница 68: ...res careful consideration The behavior of the unit with multiple streams can also be complicated If you are sending two streams to the same Destination MAC with differing Source MAC addresses the stre...

Страница 69: ...Throughput Testing Throughput Applications Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Stream Table Setup Home 63...

Страница 70: ...licate Frames and Out of Sequence frames if a Sunrise Tags is used If a stream as enabled SN TS of the Sunrise Tag and receives STAG on the incoming traffic it will lose pattern sync The reverse is no...

Страница 71: ...t 1 Duration seconds then at Burst 2 Bandwidth rate from 0 00 to 100 00 for Burst 2 Duration seconds Gigabit Ethernet has a minimum burst of 0 01 This sequence is repeated for the duration of the test...

Страница 72: ...G is increased Rate IPG ns The minimum IPG is 12 bytes or 96 bit times The interpacket gap IPG is the delay between successive frames Rate Bit Rate The bit rate given as a number of kbps is a direct f...

Страница 73: ...rst duration of 0 0051 ms would likely lead to inaccurate results Where do you want to go next Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Applications Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Res...

Страница 74: ...raffic is referred to in terms of the percentage of bandwidth used At 100 the gap between frames is at its minimum As the percentage is reduced the IPG is increased IPG ns Set the interpacket gap The...

Страница 75: ...centage Because the frame length can be random there is no fixed relationship between bit rate and data rate When changing units from Percentage to IPG to Bit Rate the display will reset back to the l...

Страница 76: ...XTT 5000 User s Manual Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Home 70...

Страница 77: ...e PRI 0 7 Enter the User Priority value per IEEE 802 1Q User Priority 0 is the default for Ethernet networks The Number Pad will appear to facilitate numeric entry The Priority Table shows the traffic...

Страница 78: ...g the pop up number pad Column 2 TCP Header Config Statistic Meaning UDP Source Enter the port address using the pop up number pad 0x0 to 0xFFFFFFFF Acknowledgement Number Expected next Sequence Numbe...

Страница 79: ...Table See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams UDP Source Enter the port address using the pop up number pad 0x1 to 0xFFFF UDP Destination Enter the port address using the pop up number pad 0x1 to...

Страница 80: ...as a percentage of maximum traffic rate minimum frame gap TX Line Rate Transmitted bit rate in kbps bps etc of the Ethernet frames ignoring the frame gap preamble and SAD The data rate is always less...

Страница 81: ...Throughput Testing Working Desktop Home 75...

Страница 82: ...he test Red banner ERRORS HISTORY Test underway errors or alarms were received in the past but are not currently being received Red banner NO BERT TRAFFIC Either the RX Rate is zero or the received tr...

Страница 83: ...Throughput Testing Home 77...

Страница 84: ...nce the beginning of the test Line Rate Transmitted and Received data rates Data Rate Transmit data rate in kbps bps etc The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble Thus the d...

Страница 85: ...gs Single Tagged VLAN Frames Frames containing one VLAN tag Multi Tagged VLAN Frames Frames containing more than one VLAN tag MPLS Frames Frames containing MPLS tags IPv4 Frames Frame Rate IP version...

Страница 86: ...rors received Lost SN Error Frames where the Sequence Number was lost Out of Sequence Error Frames which arrive out of numerical sequence Where would you like to go next Throughput Applications Ethern...

Страница 87: ...64 Bytes 65 127 128 255 256 511 512 10234 1024 1518 Over 1518 Bytes Test Frames For the following test frame types view the frame count or Current frame rate frames per seconds and the Average frame...

Страница 88: ...nterval This measurement is equivalent to a one point frame delay variation or frame jitter measurement Where would you like to go next Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughp...

Страница 89: ...th the frame rate and frame size Frame Sizes Count of frame types of each size Frame Size Under 64 Bytes 64 Bytes 65 127 128 255 256 511 512 10234 1024 1518 Over 1518 Bytes Test Frames For the followi...

Страница 90: ...terval Variation The maximum frame interval minus the minimum frame interval This measurement is equivalent to a one point frame delay variation or frame jitter measurement Frame Interval Technology N...

Страница 91: ...t RFC2544NE Test as the test mode on the drop down menu Configure the Layer and Filter Selection if desired Only 1 stream is allowed RFC2544 NE Stress Test In a Network Element NE stress test tests ar...

Страница 92: ...r s Manual RFC2544 One Tester Application Diagram Home RFC2544 Throughput and NE Test Setup Where do you want to go next RFC Applications RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configura...

Страница 93: ...est begins at 100 frame rate by sending a predetermined number of frames or more commonly sending the frames for a predetermined length of time If any frames are lost the test is repeated at a lower f...

Страница 94: ...nction of utilization Similar to the throughput test the test begins at 100 frame rate by sending a predetermined number of frames and recording the percentage of lost frames The bandwidth is reduced...

Страница 95: ...aller than the minimum reported delay Use the Maximum delay as the benchmark for delay testing Starting Rate 100 Resolution As desired 1 is typical 4 Configure the Latency tab Select Frame Loss 5 Conf...

Страница 96: ...sts in sequence Trial Description Set at On the RFC2544 Trial Description runs before the main test starts If it fails no further testing occurs Throughput This test uses a binary search to determine...

Страница 97: ...where they are looped back and sent back to the test module In this configuration the TX and RX test port should be the same However there are times when the TX and RX test port need to be different...

Страница 98: ...the rate applicable to your setup Stop Rate N A RFC2544 test 01 100 Set the rate at which frames will stop being transmitted 100 is typical Resolution N A NE Test 01 100 Determine measurement precisio...

Страница 99: ...n Determine for how long each frame size will be transmitted See the Starting Rate Stop Rate parameters above Rate Step Size N A RFC2544 test Each step increases or decreases the traffic rate by the s...

Страница 100: ...is is a burn in test 1 Tap the Menu button and select RFC2544 NE TEST 2 On the Test Summary tab Tap Type and select NE TEST Tap Throughput to turn that test On 3 On the Throughput tab set Starting Rat...

Страница 101: ...ons 1 100 percent Latency ms Configure the allowable Latency using the number pad Options 1 100 ms On the Frame Size Thresholds window touch Non standard user frame sizes are used to test frame sizes...

Страница 102: ...um duration is reached If frames are lost the duration will be reduced until no frames are lost This cycle will continue until the specified resolution is reached Once completed this is counted as one...

Страница 103: ...10 Back to Back Back to Back testing determines the maximum number of frames sent back to back at 100 frame rate that the DUT can process without losing frames Back to Back Testing Notes Parameters O...

Страница 104: ...XTT 5000 User s Manual RFC2544 Applications RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Summary Results Working Desktop Home 98...

Страница 105: ...ton Function Structure Tap a frame element in the table to configure the frame Total Streams View set the number of streams in use Use the Total Streams keypad to enter a new quantity 1 16 of streams...

Страница 106: ...XTT 5000 User s Manual Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Working Desktop Home 100...

Страница 107: ...est status pass fail percentage of frames lost Status Statistic Meaning RT Remaining Time for the test in progress Once the test is completed the results of the test will be indicated TX Utilization T...

Страница 108: ...0 User s Manual RFC2544 Throughput Latency Results RFC2544 Throughput Chart Results RFC2544 Aggregate Results RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Applications Ho...

Страница 109: ...frame sent a minute into the test the reported latency is the result of twenty such tests Frame Size Frame size in bytes Throughput Throughput Percentage and In Progress Pass Fail No Link Status The r...

Страница 110: ...input rate Frames are plotted as a function of bandwidth utilization See the Frame Loss Chart for a graphical representation of the results Where do you want to go next RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup...

Страница 111: ...f frames and repeats with more or fewer frames until it determines the maximum number As always this is repeated for each frame size The Average Minimum and Maximum number of frames processed without...

Страница 112: ...e maximum throughput rate for the frame size See the Throughput Latency tab for exact values If you use very small values you will need to zoom in to see the results Where do you want to go next RFC25...

Страница 113: ...the beginning of the test Line Rate Transmitted and Received data rates Data Rate Transmit data rate in kbps bps etc The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble Thus the data...

Страница 114: ...ags Single Tagged VLAN Frames Frames containing one VLAN tag Multi Tagged VLAN Frames Frames containing more than one VLAN tag MPLS Frames Frames containing MPLS tags IPv4 Frames Frame Rate IP version...

Страница 115: ...rrors received Lost SN Error Frames where the Sequence Number was lost Out of Sequence Error Frames which arrive out of numerical sequence Where would you like to go next Throughput Applications Ether...

Страница 116: ......

Страница 117: ...s to your responder via a router or other device with its own IP address make sure to set the Dst MAC to the MAC address of the router NOT the responder Otherwise the router will likely discard the pa...

Страница 118: ...1000 ms this is the delay between pings affects the rate Ping Rate 1 20 this is the rate at which pings are transmitted Typical values used the Ping Delay ter the length of the ping 64 bytes is commo...

Страница 119: ...sk Static only The default is 255 255 255 0 DNS Specify the DNS server address Static only IP Test Type Ping Test Verify and test IP connectivity Trace Route See each hop of the test route only a subs...

Страница 120: ...een when active Off Red when switched off after being active Sends pings continuously for the duration of the test Destination IP URL Selection Touch a button to configure a ping destination the numbe...

Страница 121: ...select PING as the IP Test Type on the IP Setup tab in order to send an ICMP echo message of echo request to another device Select the Ping Setup tab to configure the IP setup Where do you want to go...

Страница 122: ...umber of pings sent will not be displayed to avoid confusion Parameter Details TX Utilization Transmitted bandwidth as a percentage of maximum traffic rate minimum frame gap TX Line Rate Transmitted b...

Страница 123: ...n of the test Frame Rate Minimum Minimum TX and RX frames per second since the beginning of the test Frame Rate Maximum Maximum TX and RX frames per second since the beginning of the test Utilization...

Страница 124: ...umber of Layer 2 multicast frames transmitted and received Multicast Test Frame rates and the Current and Average multicast bandwidth utilization Broadcast Test Frames Number of broadcast frames trans...

Страница 125: ...nt and Average TCP Frames bandwidth utilization statistics UDP Frames Number of frames containing TCP View UDP Frames Current and Average Frame rates and the Current and Average UDP Frames bandwidth u...

Страница 126: ...tatistics Lost SN Error Count of frames with no sequence number Lost SN Error Current and Average Frame rates and the Current and Average Lost SN Error bandwidth utilization statistics Out of Sequence...

Страница 127: ...ot be displayed to avoid confusion Ping Results View the overall Ping Test results Statistic Meaning IP Address IP address the pings were sent to Sent Number of transmitted pings Received Number of co...

Страница 128: ...appear for manual data entry Highlight a previously used address in the Destination IP Address List then press Select to move it to the Dest IP URL button Trace Route Basics Select IP TEST as the test...

Страница 129: ...the time between hops between the test port and the destination address Select Trace Route as the Ping Test Type and press Start to access this results window Where do you want to go next IP Test Setu...

Страница 130: ...ource addresses Destination address PING size in bytes PING round trip time in microseconds TTL of the inbound packet The details are for reference only Only one line is displayed per second even if t...

Страница 131: ...the beginning of the test Line Rate Transmitted and Received data rates Data Rate Transmit data rate in kbps bps etc The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble Thus the data...

Страница 132: ...ags Single Tagged VLAN Frames Frames containing one VLAN tag Multi Tagged VLAN Frames Frames containing more than one VLAN tag MPLS Frames Frames containing MPLS tags IPv4 Frames Frame Rate IP version...

Страница 133: ...received Lost SN Error Frames where the Sequence Number was lost Out of Sequence Error Frames which arrive out of numerical sequence Where would you like to go next Throughput Applications Ethernet F...

Страница 134: ...will not be displayed to avoid confusion Ping Results View the overall Ping Test results Statistic Meaning IP Address IP address the pings were sent to Sent Number of transmitted pings Received Numbe...

Страница 135: ...addresses must match the MAC and IP addresses of the port or unit to be looped An IP Destination may need to be entered even for a Layer 2 loopback A Gateway is required if you the device to be loope...

Страница 136: ...oopback Control pop up to send loopback commands in a Throughput or RFC2544 Test Mode as configured in this Loopback window Making changes one of these windows affects the other Where do you want to g...

Страница 137: ...Loopback Features Loopback Diagram Home nt to go next ck Test Setup Loopback Mode Diagram Where do you wa Loopba Home 131...

Страница 138: ...ame received Frame STT FE STT GE STT 10GE MTT 28 29 MAC Yes Yes Yes Yes Unicast Yes No No No Multicast Yes Yes No No Broadcast Yes Yes No No Keepalive Yes Yes No No Yes The frame will be looped back N...

Страница 139: ...up or loop down command to a remote test set configured as a responder Upon receiving the Layer 1 loop up command the remote test set will retransmit the incoming frames without modifying them Layer...

Страница 140: ...these for each test layer Waiting for response Timeout Loopup Successful Loopdown Successful Where do you want to go next Loopback Test Setup IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 App...

Страница 141: ...is NOT selected XTT 5000 will not respond to any loop commands until you press Once the test has started XTT 5000 will go into a waiting for loopback command state A screen message informs you that th...

Страница 142: ......

Страница 143: ...ed between two devices to monitor the frames in both directions Pass Through Monitor Mode Connection Splitter mode the test set is inserted between two devices using splitters In this mode you can ins...

Страница 144: ...to monitor Port 2 can send traffic to Port 3 for Fiber and Copper Press then on the Action Bar to begin monitoring See the applications diagram You can only view one port the active one at a time Star...

Страница 145: ...Page Down to scroll through the saved results Setup Files Buttons Profiles Window File Usage Tab View the number of files saved and the percentage of memory used for Setup and Results files Save a Fi...

Страница 146: ...a program such as Excel export them in the csv format 1 Select Generate Report 2 On the Report Results window select the Report Setup tab 3 Choose CSV File On 4 Choose PDF File Off 5 Select the Report...

Страница 147: ...Save Features 141 RFC2544 NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home...

Страница 148: ......

Страница 149: ...yer 2 above FCS CRC BIT Lost Frame Out of Sequence Duplicate Sequence Number IP Checksum TCP Checksum UDP Checksum To inject Sequence Errors 1 Turn Broadcast Error Off 2 Press Error Type 3 Select a Se...

Страница 150: ...quence defect at the far end Requires a Sunrise Tag be enabled on the Ethernet Layer Error Mode Details Single Inject an individual error Burst Inject a set number of errors with each press of the Sen...

Страница 151: ...from 10 Mbps up to 10 Gbps Typically Ethernet is carried over UTP unshielded twisted pair or fiber optic cable single mode or multi mode depending on wavelength but other options exist including thin...

Страница 152: ...ic Listing IAB Individual Address Block Public Listing OUI 36 Public Listing EtherType Field Public Listing Manufacturer ID Public Listing LLC Logical Link Control Public Listing Standard Group MAC Ad...

Страница 153: ...The Metro Ethernet Forum is an industry alliance which develops technical specifications for carrier Ethernet worldwide Over a dozen specifications are online at www metroethernetforum org Where do yo...

Страница 154: ...re reserved for link level signaling In many cases a single 8 bit block can be mapped into one of two code words that are bitwise inverts of each other Code words are chosen in such a manner so as the...

Страница 155: ...es the field to indicate the type of data being transmitted In most IP based applications the Ethernet II standard is used and the field is set to an Ethertype of 0x0800 to indicate an IP version 4 pa...

Страница 156: ...o cause a CRC error is exceedingly rare In the vast majority of cases a bit error translates into a lost frame For this reason most Ethernet QoS Quality of Service standards use lost frames as its pri...

Страница 157: ...frames these frame sizes should be tested as well The XTT 5000 defaults to the frame size defined in RFC 2544 but allows you to set the frame size to any valid value Test Layer Undersized Oversized F...

Страница 158: ...as shown Data size Overhead frame Frames sec Total bits lost oh of Bandwidth Lost 64 Bytes 512 bits 160 bits 1 488 095 238 095 238 23 128 Bytes 1024 bits 160 bits 844 594 135 135 135 13 512 Bytes 4096...

Страница 159: ...s the standard deviation The variance determines the width of the distribution as measured at half its maximum value In the XTT 5000 you specify the width Width at 50 which then sets the standard devi...

Страница 160: ...bit times For Gigabit Ethernet the bit time is 1 0 ns making the minimum frame interval 672 ns over Gigabit Ethernet Undersized frames or abnormally small frame gaps will reduce the frame interval fu...

Страница 161: ...t to all stations on the network such frames are given a MAC destination of all ones FF FF FF FF FF FF Because broadcast traffic is very polluting it should be avoided whenever possible Multicast traf...

Страница 162: ...geably by users even though they refer to very distinct entities The minimum IFG is 12 bytes or 96 bit times The minimum IFG thus depends on the interface rate as follows Interface Bit Time Minimum IF...

Страница 163: ...broadcast traffic Also the use of multicast MAC destination addresses may cause problems designating test traffic As shown below the MAC addresses sent by a tester do not match the MAC addressed recei...

Страница 164: ...has a value of 0x8100 VLAN Tag Note The TPID can actually be thought of as an Ethertype designation identifying the payload as a VLAN The original MAC frame s Ethertype field is moved to the inside of...

Страница 165: ...tag inside another is often called r Q in Q Stacked VLAN Tags Stacking VLAN tags is an efficient means of differentiating traffic through a network backbone especially when then the user data may itse...

Страница 166: ...e Ethernet payload it is left with a frame that is only 60 bytes long At this point the device may simply drop the frame Some systems may add 4 bytes of filler at the end of the payload to create a le...

Страница 167: ...the Ethernet network User Priority Traffic Type 0 Best Effort 1 Background 2 Spare 3 Excellent Effort 4 Controlled Load 5 Video 100 ms latency and jitter 6 Voice 10 ms latency and jitter 7 Network Co...

Страница 168: ...has four fields 20 bit label value 3 bit field for CoS priority experimental 1 bit bottom of stack flag If used it signifies the current label is the last in the stack 8 bit TTL time to live field Th...

Страница 169: ...data it has already sent and how much it has received from the other end The combination of TCP header and the actual message is then wrapped in IP and sent to the network hopefully to reach the addre...

Страница 170: ...lly over a different network interface to a different router The backbone of the Internet is made up of thousands of routers working in collaboration to forward packets from one to another until they...

Страница 171: ...ddress that should be used and other information ARP The ARP Address Resolution Protocol allows a networked computer to search for a computer with a particular IP address ARP is important on LANs such...

Страница 172: ......

Страница 173: ...ros in a row 2e23 1 2 23 Industry standard 2e23 1 pseudo random bit sequence This signal is formed from a 23 stage shift register and is not zero constrained This pattern contains up to 22 zeros in a...

Страница 174: ...nd FTP File Transfer Protocol network protocol used to transfer data from one computer to another through a network Internet G GigE Gigabit Ethernet GUI Graphic User Interface H H 323 H 323 is an umbr...

Страница 175: ...ence test pattern R RFC 1349 Type of Service in the RFC for Internet Protocol Suite RFC2474 RFC for the Definition of the Differentiated Services Field DS Field in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers RX Receive...

Страница 176: ...oft used for real time service such as VOIP URL Uniform Resource Locator often used to mean a website address V VLAN Virtual LAN a network of hosts not actually on the same physical LAN but grouped t...

Страница 177: ...rt 6 Comments 146 configure a stream 51 99 Constant Traffic Shape Setup 67 Control 133 CRC 117 Cross 38 Current Time 23 Customer Service 14 D Data Rate 77 107 125 Date 24 Desktop 3 6 9 DHCP 111 163 DN...

Страница 178: ...r 6 29 Laser On Off 6 Latency 103 117 Latency Current 77 107 125 Layer 47 50 87 Layer 1 Unframed 8B 10B 50 LED Reset 6 LEDs 6 19 Line Rate 33 77 80 107 125 link 42 Link Down 75 LINK LED 42 Link Up 75...

Страница 179: ...lication Diagram 86 RFC Thruput 103 RFC Thruput Chart Results 106 RFC1349 56 RFC2474 56 RFC2544 86 92 96 97 101 104 105 106 RFC2544 Latency Results 89 RFC2544 NE Stress Test 94 RFC2544 Summary Results...

Страница 180: ...hroughput Signal Setup 50 Throughput Stream Table Setup 51 99 Throughput Summary Results 73 Throughput Test Setup 41 89 Thruput Summary Notes 75 Time 22 26 27 time of da 26 Time Zone 25 TIMED 20 Total...

Страница 181: ...Index 175 X XFP 40 XFP Port Setup 40...

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