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PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet): A communications specification for
connecting multiple users on an Ethernet LAN to the Internet through a common
broadband medium, such as a single DSL line. PPPoE users have to log in with a user
name and password in order to access the Internet.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol): A technology that ensures that messages sent
between VPN nodes over the Internet are secure. PPTP users can dial into corporate
networks via the Internet.
Private IP Address: An IP address given to a LAN device that is unknown to the
Internet. These are unregistered IP addresses that have been set aside for use in a LAN
environment where constant connection to the Internet is not required. See also: NAT.
Protocol: An objective set of rules for how computers communicate with each other
across networks. A protocol describes the form a message must take as well as how that
message is exchanged. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), for example, governs the
way information is exchanged on the World Wide Web.
Public IP Address: A unique, “legal” IP address allocated by an ISP that is used when
accessing the Internet. A public IP address can be reached by another device over the
Internet. See also: NAT.
Router: An intelligent network device that forwards packets between different networks
based on network layer address information such as IP addresses.
Static IP Address: A dedicated, unique IP address that has been assigned to a given
computer or server for an extended period of time. Static IP addresses are useful if you
are operating a computer that other Internet users need to access, such as a web server.
SOHO (Small Office/Home Office): A small or at-home business.
Subnet Mask: A technique used by the IP protocol to filter messages into a particular
network segment or subnet. Subnet masks are expressed as four decimal numbers
between 0 and 255 separated by periods. (Example: 255.255.255.1) It is used to create
private IP addresses for use within a particular network. Also known as a network mask.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The basic communication
protocol for the Internet. TCP breaks data down into packets, “reassembles” the data at
its destination and verifies delivery. IP determines how to address and forward data and
sets packet size limitations.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): A communication protocol used in place of TCP when
reliable delivery is not required. For example, UDP is used for realtime video traffic
where lost packets are ignored because there is no time to retransmit.
VPN (Virtual Private Network): A private network of computers that use the public
Internet to connect nodes. See also: PPTP.
WAN (Wide Area Network): A communications network that covers a wide geographic
area (different buildings, cities, countries). The Internet is an example of a WAN.
WAP (Wireless Access Point): A networking device that seamlessly connects wired and
wireless networks. Used in Infrastructure networks, a wireless access point is capable of
connecting to an Ethernet network as well as an 802.11 network.
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