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Batteries in these conditions should be taken to a specialist for further evaluation
or retired from service.
State of charge as related to specific gravity and open circuit voltage
Percentage of Charge
Specific Gravity (g/cm³)
Corrected to 25° C
Open circuit voltage
6 V
8 V
12 V
100%
1.28
6.37
8.49
12.73
90%
1.26
6.31
8.41
12.73
80%
1.24
6.25
8.33
12.50
70%
1.22
6.19
8.25
12.37
60%
1.2
6.12
8.16
12.24
50%
1.18
6.05
8.07
12.1
40%
1.15
5.98
7.97
11.96
30%
1.13
5.91
7.88
11.81
20%
1.1
5.83
7.77
11.66
10%
1.07
5.75
7.67
11.51
32
5: Battery Terms Explained
Active Material
In the positive plates, the active material is lead dioxide. In the
negative, it’s metallic sponge lead. When a circuit is created, these materials react
with sulfuric acid during charging and discharging.
Ampere (Amp)
A unit of measurement for the electron flow or current through a
circuit.
Ampere-Hour (Amp. Hr., AH)
A unit of measure for a battery’s electrical storage
capacity, calculated by multiplying the current in amperes by the time in hours.
(Example: A battery which delivers 5 amps for 20 hours provides 5 amps ×20 hours
= 100 AH of capacity.)
Capacity Rating
The time in minutes that a new, fully-charged battery will deliv-
er 25 amperes or 75 amperes at 800F and maintain a terminal voltage equal to or
greater than 1.75 volts per cell.
Cell
The basic current-producing unit in a battery. It consists of a set of positive
plates, negative plates, electrolyte, separators and casing, A cell’s nominal voltage
is 2 volts. (Example: A 12-volt battery has 6 cells.)
Circuit
The path followed by a flow of electrons. A closed, or short, circuit is a com-
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