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Becoming a proficient motorcyclist is not easy. The skill of
handling the machine takes time and practice. In addition, expert
riders have learned 

perception and prediction

. Their eyes and

minds are working all the time to keep them out of trouble.

Perception is seeing and understanding everything around 
you that might be important. Prediction is figuring out what is

going to 

happen next. As you ride along, you have to see and

understand what is happening so you can predict. You have to
predict in order to be in the right place, at the right speed to
avoid surprises.

Traffic situations can be complicated. You often have to see and
understand many different things very quickly in order to predict
what will happen in traffic.

A defensive motorcyclist is one who is always prepared for the
errors of other drivers. For instance, you may have to predict
what several drivers at an intersection are all going to do at the
same time.

Learning Good Perception

The best way to stay out of trouble is to see it coming. Expert
riders have very few surprises on the road because they see and
understand possible problems before getting to them.

To have such good perception, experts have learned to look far
ahead. In the city, expert riders always look from one and a half to
two blocks ahead. On the highway, they look as far ahead as they
can see. Looking well ahead gives them plenty of time to adjust
to problems. It also helps them avoid panic stops or sudden
swerves that can cause even more trouble. (For more information,
see the 

Saskatchewan Driver’s Handbook

.)

18

5

)

Perception and Prediction

Your visibility of traffic and road conditions ahead is better if you
do not follow the vehicle ahead too closely.

Содержание Saskatchewan Motorcycle

Страница 1: ... Saskatchewan Motorcycle Driver s Handbook A Guide to Safe Driving safety ...

Страница 2: ... handbook is not intended to be a complete digest of rules of the road It is merely a reference source covering those basic pertinent points related to motorcycle driving which experience has shown to be most important For the purpose of interpreting and applying the law the official statutes should be consulted 1 Saskatchewan Motorcycle Driver s Handbook A Guide to Safe Driving ...

Страница 3: ...arning Good Perception 18 Checking the Road Surface 19 Using Mirrors 19 Learning to Predict 20 Headlight 21 Clothing 21 Nighttime Visibility 21 Horn 22 Signalling 22 Brake Light 22 Left Turn in Front of Motorcycle 23 6 Position Learning Your Place on the Road 24 Lane Position Blocking 24 Turning Position 26 Gates 28 Three Second Rule 29 Distance to the Side 30 Lane Changes 30 Sharing Lanes 31 Dist...

Страница 4: ...ion 53 Endorsement 6 53 Class 6 and Endorsement M 53 Driver s Licence Restrictions 53 Becoming a Driver 53 GDL 54 Knowledge tests 54 Vision test 54 Road test 55 Registering Your Motorcycle 56 Documents required 56 Where to go 56 New residents 56 Insurance 57 Cancellation 57 Renewal information 57 Provincial Sales Tax 57 Motorcycle Equipment Standards 58 18 Electric Cycles and Scooters 59 Electric ...

Страница 5: ... involving motorcycles are due to lack of experience It takes a lot of practice and experience to ride a bike well You must know where to ride in your lane how to react to other drivers mistakes how to see like an expert and be seen by other motorists and how to handle dangerous surfaces and emergencies To ride well you must be in good physical and mental condition because handling a motorcycle de...

Страница 6: ...lothing Helmet An approved motorcycle helmet can protect you from serious head injury When a motorcycle falls the rider s head often hits something hard like pavement or a curb The human head is fragile and head injuries are often fatal or crippling Saskatchewan law says that riders and passengers must wear approved helmets and have them properly fastened A surprising number of motorcyclists kille...

Страница 7: ...the airstream away from the driver s face the operator must wear goggles glasses or a face shield A face shield is best it protects your whole face Eyeglasses are not made to protect riders They will shatter if hit by a flying object If you wear glasses also use a face shield To be effective eye or face protection must 1 Be free of scratches 2 Be made of material that doesn t shatter 3 Give a clea...

Страница 8: ...riding Those that are not designed for motorcyclists may balloon up or tear apart at highway speeds Boots or shoes should be sturdy and high enough to protect the ankles Soles should be made of hard durable material Heels should be low so they don t catch on rough surfaces Don t wear shoes with rings or loose laces that may catch on controls Gloves are also important They give you a better hold on...

Страница 9: ...or example 18 key controls and devices are visible from the saddle of a typical motorcycle 1 Speedometer and odometer 2 Tripmeter 3 Tachometer 4 Light switches 5 Ignition switch 6 Turn signal switch 7 Horn button 8 Fuel supply valve 9 Choke control 10 Throttle 11 Clutch lever 12 Front brake lever 13 Rear brake pedal 14 Gear selector pedal 15 Starter 16 Engine kill switch 17 Stand 18 Oil level wind...

Страница 10: ...nce the last time it was set at zero The tachometer indicates engine speed in revolutions per minute RPM and shows with a red line the maximum RPM the engine can safely attain The high beam indicator light appears red or blue when the headlight is on high beam The neutral indicator light appears green when the transmission is in neutral The turn signal indicator light flashes amber when either lef...

Страница 11: ...uel to flow to the engine and for it to start and run The fuel tank has a reserve section in case the main section runs dry To release the reserve supply you must turn the valve to RESERVE or RES something which you should be able to do while you are riding your motorcycle Choke control The choke adjusts the mixture of gasoline and air supplied to the engine and usually is used only when starting ...

Страница 12: ...sition In neutral the transmission is out of gear and power will not reach the rear wheel The gear selector pedal should only be operated while the clutch is disengaged After you have squeezed the clutch lever with your left hand you can select the gear you need by lifting or depressing the gear selector pedal with your left toe Starter Most motorcycles have an electric starter operated by pushing...

Страница 13: ...eep them in good condition Check for 1 Inflation The motorcycle does not handle properly if the air pressure is too low or too high Check the owner s manual for the right amount of air 2 Tread Worn or uneven tread can make the motorcycle skid particularly on wet pavement Once the centre wear bar is exposed you have only 1 mm of tread left The tire must be replaced 3 Damage Check for cuts or nails ...

Страница 14: ...y flash when they are turned on and are bright enough to be seen Headlight Check your headlight In daytime pass your hand in front of the beam to make sure the headlight is really on Try your dimmer switch to make sure both high and low beams work Tail and brakelight Try each of your brake controls and make sure that each one activates your brakelight 13 3 ...

Страница 15: ...oil through the oil level window or on your dip stick Lack of oil can cause your engine to seize This could lock the rear wheel and make you lose control Mirrors Clean and adjust both mirrors before you start It is difficult and dangerous to ride with one hand while you adjust a mirror Swing your mirrors out far enough to see around your body Adjust each mirror to show half the lane behind you and...

Страница 16: ... arms to steer the motorcycle rather than to hold yourself up Hands Hold the handgrips firmly so that you will not lose your grip if the motorcycle bounces Start with your wrists down This will prevent you from accidentally using too much throttle Knees Hold your knees firmly against the gas tank This will help you keep your balance as the motorcycle turns Feet Keep your feet firmly on the footres...

Страница 17: ...ree quarters of your stopping power Use both front and rear brakes in combination to provide good control Here are some things to remember about braking 1 Use both brakes every time you slow down or stop If you use the rear brake for normal stops you may not have enough skill to use the front brake properly when you really need it 2 Apply both brakes at the same time 3 Make sure all your braking i...

Страница 18: ...s speed with the motorcycle s speed may cause the rear wheel to skid Shifting in a turn Do not upshift or downshift in a turn unless you can do it very smoothly A sudden change in power to the rear wheel can cause it to lock or lose traction The result can be a skid It is best to change gears before entering a turn Starting on a hill It is more difficult to get the motorcycle moving on an upgrade ...

Страница 19: ...ist is one who is always prepared for the errors of other drivers For instance you may have to predict what several drivers at an intersection are all going to do at the same time Learning Good Perception The best way to stay out of trouble is to see it coming Expert riders have very few surprises on the road because they see and understand possible problems before getting to them To have such goo...

Страница 20: ... spots bad bumps broken pavement loose gravel metal plates polished pavement wet leaves or objects lying in the road 2 When riding in winter conditions be alert for ice or snow patches on the road 3 Use caution on pavement markings for they are slippery Using Mirrors Traffic behind is almost as important to the motorcycle rider as traffic ahead Good riders check their mirrors every few seconds to ...

Страница 21: ... drivers will always obey the rules This kind of prediction is certain to get the rider seriously injured Good riders are always asking themselves what other drivers are really going to do not what they are supposed to do In order to predict what other drivers will do the rider has to think about three things 1 What does the other driver want to do 2 Am I in the way 3 Does the other driver see me ...

Страница 22: ...ble during the day especially from angles where the headlight can t help Yellow orange red and other bright colours are highly visible black and dark colours are not Be visible wear bright coloured clothes and helmet Nighttime Visibility At night you depend mostly on your lights to make you visible to other drivers This works well most of the time but not always If you re riding alone on a dark ro...

Страница 23: ...use your turn signals on a freeway entrance ramp it s more likely that cars on the freeway will see you and make room for you Caution Forgetting to turn a signal off is as dangerous as forgetting to turn it on A driver may think you plan to turn and pull right into your path Always check your instrument panel to see if you ve left a signal on If you have an old motorcycle without turn signals use ...

Страница 24: ...cle is going faster than the driver would expect When you approach an intersection with a car waiting to turn left 1 Reduce speed 2 Get ready to blow the horn 3 Think about what you ll do if the car turns in front of you Where will you go Is there a clear area to swerve How fast will your bike stop on that pavement 4 Don t let your mind focus too long on the left turning vehicle Is there something...

Страница 25: ...scourages other drivers from trying to squeeze past the same lane as the motorcycle Position 1 WRONG The centre of the lane does not provide a blocking position It is coated with oil thrown from cars and is slippery when wet Position 2 CORRECT When travelling the CURB LANE or next to a parking lane a motorcycle driver should be slightly to the left of the centre of the lane This is your blocking p...

Страница 26: ...sition just slightly to the right of the centre of the lane you re in a blocking position the proper riding position Position 4 Centre lane When driving on a freeway with three or more lanes avoid travelling in the centre lane if possible because you don t have a blocking position 25 6 ...

Страница 27: ... of the road Make a shoulder check move over to the right about 1 2 m from the edge of the roadway make your right turn and then make another shoulder check and move back to the proper blocking position to the left of the centre of the lane Position 5A Making a proper RIGHT TURN No change in lane size at intersection When approaching an intersection where the right lane remains the same size posit...

Страница 28: ...Position 6 Making a proper LEFT TURN In the left lane make your turn while keeping the blocking position throughout your turn 27 6 ...

Страница 29: ...you 4 Approaching from the side 5 The vehicle you are passing 6 Any vehicle passing you See the Saskatchewan Driver s Handbook for an explanation of gates Distance in front Good riders keep at least three seconds distance between themselves and the vehicle ahead This gives them plenty of time to react if something happens ahead It also gives a better view of things in the road such as potholes sli...

Страница 30: ...passes the check point C If it takes less than three seconds to reach the check point you re too close D Three seconds one thousand one one thousand two one thousand three is correct for ideal conditions Allow more space in poor conditions Keep well behind the vehicle ahead even when you are stopped This will make it easier to get out of the way if someone bears down on you from behind 6 29 ...

Страница 31: ...he lane also helps to keep you out of the way of extended mirrors things thrown from windows or kicked up from the tires of other vehicles Give way to large trucks They can create air turbulence that affects your control You have more room for error if you move away from the truck Parked cars When passing parked cars the motorcycle rider has an advantage over the automobile driver By staying in th...

Страница 32: ...er drivers might be tempted to squeeze by you Pay close attention 1 In heavy bumper to bumper traffic 2 When you re preparing to turn at an intersection enter an exit lane or leave the highway 3 When another driver wants to pass you If you move to the far side of the lane in these situations you invite the driver to share the lane with you 4 When overtaking a car in your lane Pass in the same mann...

Страница 33: ...e who follow others very closely If someone is following you too closely change lanes and let the tailgater pass If a driver still follows you too closely when the way is clear for a safe pass slow down so the tailgater can pass Position for Seeing As a motorcycle rider you can put yourself in a position to see things that another driver cannot see Blind curves You can move to one side of the lane...

Страница 34: ...d intersections After stopping you should ease forward past obstructions to see properly if anyone is coming At the roadside You can angle a motorcycle across the road so that you can see both directions 33 6 ...

Страница 35: ... from where they are These riders have learned to see themselves as others see them Don t ride in another driver s blind spot Either pass the other driver or drop back When you pass another vehicle get through the blind spot as quickly as you can Approach cautiously but once you re alongside get by quickly 34 BLIND SPOT BLIND SPOT 7 Position for Being Seen ...

Страница 36: ...t intersections To cut down your chances of being hit 1 Approach slowly If a driver does pull out suddenly your chances of making a quick stop or a quick turn are better 2 Move as far away from the other vehicle as you can Always drive in the lane position that will make you the most visible 3 Move away from things that could block the other driver s view When you approach an intersection where th...

Страница 37: ...ing Remember to take warmer clothing if you re going to be out at night Reduce your speed If there is something lying in the road ahead you will not be able to see it until you are very close to it If you are going too fast you may not be able to avoid it It is important to reduce your speed at night particularly on roads that you don t know well Use the car ahead If there is a car ahead you can u...

Страница 38: ... brake accelerate and change gears as little and as smoothly as possible Use both brakes The front brake is still more effective than the rear brake even on slippery surfaces Avoid the worst slippery areas Try to find the best area of pavement and use it 1 Oil from other vehicles tends to build up in the centre of the lane particularly near intersections where vehicles slow down or stop On wet pav...

Страница 39: ... road surfaces such as bumps broken pave ment potholes railway tracks and construction areas If the condition is bad enough it could affect your control of the motorcycle This is how to handle uneven surfaces 1 Slow down to reduce the impact 2 Keep your motorcycle as upright as possible and avoid turning 3 Rise slightly on the footrests so that you can absorb the shock with your knees and elbows R...

Страница 40: ...lying areas and by lakes or rivers close to the road Fog may be present at sunrise sunset or other times when the air tempera ture is rapidly changing As in rain you will have to wipe your face shield or raise it to be able to see out In really heavy fog you will be able to see only a few metres Any time you cannot see farther than your stopping distance you are riding blind If there is something ...

Страница 41: ...n of snow covered roadway try to ride on loose or fresh snow Hard packed snow has less traction than loose snow The other danger of riding in winter is the cold The cold will affect the performance of both rider and equipment Here are some things to watch for 1 Cold weather lowers tire pressure so check it regularly 2 Your face shield will have a greater tendency to fog 3 Wear sufficiently warm cl...

Страница 42: ...his includes prescription drugs as well as illegal drugs It even includes such everyday drugs as cold tablets or allergy pills These drugs can leave you weak dizzy or drowsy Make sure you know the effects of any drug before attempting to ride If you begin to feel dizzy or weak while you re riding stop and wait until you feel better Fatigue Fatigue impairs your ability to perceive and react to emer...

Страница 43: ... and affect its balance 2 They make it harder for the operator and passenger to get off the motorcycle in a hurry Ape hangers These are high handlebars that extend above the operator s shoulders The problem is 1 They reduce steering control 2 They block your vision 3 They are illegal Extended forks These are much longer than standard forks and are installed by some riders for styling The problem i...

Страница 44: ...o turn The sharper the turn the more you must lean Stay in your own lane in an emergency The moment you change lanes you risk being hit by another vehicle You should be able to squeeze by most obstacles without leaving your lane This is one time when the size of the motorcycle is in your favour To avoid being hit you can go into spaces too small for a car Going into a turn too fast A major cause o...

Страница 45: ...le ahead If you do not have face protection you could be struck in the eye or the face If you are wearing face protection it could become smeared or cracked making it difficult to see Whatever happens don t let it affect your control of the motorcycle Keep your eyes on the road and your hands on the handlebars As soon as it s safe pull off the road and repair the damage Animals Naturally you shoul...

Страница 46: ...hrottle you might find that it won t turn or the engine won t slow down If there s traffic ahead or you re making a turn you must react quickly to prevent an accident Here s what to do if you have a stuck throttle while riding 1 Turn off the engine with the kill switch and pull in the clutch 2 If the motorcycle does not have a kill switch a You may be able to leave the clutch out and stop the engi...

Страница 47: ...ally some advance warning giving you time to respond Engine seizure is caused by overheating or lack of lubrication Without oil the engine s moving parts will no longer move smoothly against each other and the engine will overheat The first symptom may be a loss of engine power You may also notice a change in the engine s sound If your engine starts to seize squeeze the clutch lever disen gaging t...

Страница 48: ... the change Put beginners up front Place inexperienced riders behind the leader where they can be watched by more experienced riders Check the rider behind you Agree on a pre set pace Use your mirror to keep an eye on the person behind you If he or she falls behind slow down If everyone does this the group will stay with the tailender Know the route Make sure everybody knows the route Then if some...

Страница 49: ...side one another Staggered formation can be safely used on an open highway However a single file should be resumed on curves during turns or when entering or leaving a highway When riders in a staggered formation want to pass another vehicle they should do it one at a time When it is safe to do so the lead rider should pull out and pass When the leader returns to the lane he or she should take the...

Страница 50: ...torcycle than you usually do A passenger should not hang over the end of the seat Footrests There must be footrests for your passenger Without a firm footing your passenger can fall off and pull you off too Protective equipment A passenger must wear a legal helmet and should have the same type of protective equipment and clothing worn by the driver You should also adjust the mirrors and headlight ...

Страница 51: ...ents Carrying loads A motorcycle is not really designed to carry cargo However a small load can be carried safely if it is properly positioned and fastened Keep the load low Secure loads to the seat or put them in saddlebags Do not pile loads against a sissy bar or frame on the back of the seat This will change the centre of gravity and disturb the balance of the motorcycle Keep the load forward P...

Страница 52: ...or sidewall defect Wheels Check both wheels for missing or loose spokes Check the rims for cracks or dents Lift the wheel off the ground and spin it Watch its motion and listen for noise Also move it from side to side to check for looseness Controls Check the controls for smooth operation Check the cables for kinks or broken strands Lubricate the control mechanisms at each end of the cable Chain a...

Страница 53: ...t when necessary Check for slack and lubrication Drive shaft Check the fluid levels Muffler Modifying an exhaust system will create an excessively noisy vehicle that can be very annoying to the public A motorcycle driver with an altered muffler may be guilty of an offence 52 16 ...

Страница 54: ... the required tests meet minimum medical and vision standards Class 6 and Endorsement M A Class 6 licence or an M endorsement on a Class 1 5 Saskatchewan driver s licence is an unrestricted motorcycle driver s licence To obtain a Class 6 licence or to add an M endorsement to a Class 1 5 Saskatchewan licence you must be at least 16 years old have held a Class 7 licence for at least nine months hold...

Страница 55: ...rivers in gaining valuable experience as they work towards becoming fully qualified drivers The program is a staged introduction of new drivers into the driving environment Drivers gradually move into higher risk driving situations after gaining experience in lower risk situations There are three stages to Saskatchewan s GDL Learner Novice 1 and Novice 2 As drivers pass through the stages they see...

Страница 56: ...per lane positioning anticipation of hazardous conditions in the making other safe driving practices such as speed selection and steering techniques A road test will be refused if You are late for your appointment You do not have the appropriate receipt and driver s licence The motorcycle is unsafe or not equipped in accordance with legislation You do not meet the vision or medical fitness require...

Страница 57: ...ion 3 Imported motorcycle A K22 Customs Clearance Card must be presented 4 Motorcycle Inspection Form All motorcycles with the engine capacity of 474 cc or greater must have the serial numbers inspected prior to registering EXCEPT when the application for registration is accompanied by a New Vehicle Information Statement To make an appointment for inspection please contact your nearest municipal p...

Страница 58: ...ation can be returned to any motor licence issuer or to SGI at 2260 11th Avenue Regina S4P 2N7 with a request for cancellation Renewal information A renewal application will be mailed to you approximately one month before your registration term expires Renewal applications are forwarded to the address indicated on the registration certificate If these renewals are not received by two weeks before ...

Страница 59: ...f 1974 or newer must be activated by engaging any forward gear with the motor operating at least one tail lamp located at the rear emitting a red light a means of illuminating the licence plate a brake lamp facing rear emitting a red light when activated by application of either brake four turn signal lamps two facing the front emitting an amber light and two facing the rear emitting either an amb...

Страница 60: ...eled bicycle that is designed to be propelled primarily with the power from an electric motor but does have functioning pedals has an electric motor of no more than 500 watts cannot be operated at a speed of greater than 32 km hr 20 m hr on any level service and meets the definition of a power assisted bicycle in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations Driver s licence required Yes a valid Cl...

Страница 61: ...ii www sgi sk ca slb145 06 2007 12m pw ...

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