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37

Manual Calculations

Arithmetic operations

• Arithmetic operations are performed by pressing the keys

in the same sequence as in the formula.

• For negative values, press

before entering the

value.

• For mixed arithmetic operations, multiplication and
division are given priority over addition and subtraction.

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Содержание CA756

Страница 1: ...tual displays Introduction Thank you for purchasing the Graphic Scientific Calculation This unit is a totally new type of advanced programmable calculator Besides versatile scientific functions graph...

Страница 2: ...ay 9 Display indicators 9 About the display layout 10 Exponential display 11 Special display formats 12 1 3 Key Operations 13 Special operation keys 13 Numeric Decimal point Exponent input keys 18 Cal...

Страница 3: ...n 84 Line function 84 Graph scroll function 86 3 3 Some Graphing Examples 88 4 Program Calculations 89 4 1 What is a Program 89 Formulas 89 Programming 89 Program storage 90 Program execution 92 4 2 P...

Страница 4: ...unaffected when power is switched off Reset operation Strong external electrostatic charges can cause this calculator to malfunction Should this happen perform the following procedure to reset the cal...

Страница 5: ...e time to display results and may even fail to operate Correct operation will resume once the calculator is brought back to normal temperature The display will go blank and keys will not operate durin...

Страница 6: ...ressed key pressed Sci Number of significant digits specified Fix Number of decimal places specified hyp key pressed Degrees specified at the unit of angular measurement Radians specified at the unit...

Страница 7: ...yed If is pressed unit of 1 2x1011 1 120 000 000 000 1 211 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1 2x1011 This means that you should move the decimal point in 1 2 eleven places to the right since...

Страница 8: ...displayed If is pressed unit of angular measurement is specified as radians displayed If is pressed unit of angular measurement is specified as grads Fix displayed Entering a value from 0 to 9 followe...

Страница 9: ...clear all input characters or formulas You can also use this key to clear the Error message from the display Press to switch the power of the calculator on even if power was switched off by the Auto P...

Страница 10: ...r Press the key to enter the decimal point in the desired position To input 1 23x10 6 press 1 23 6 key combinations for the various modes are as follows Calculation keys Arithmetic operation keys For...

Страница 11: ...Clear screen key Switches between the graph display and text display clears the graph display done is displayed Function keys Press for functional calculation Various uses are available in combinatio...

Страница 12: ...value When pressed following the key the subsequently entered value becomes an exponent of e Press followed by in the BASE N mode to specify the octal calculation mode When pressed following the key...

Страница 13: ...ustment Pressing the or key following the key adjusts the contrast of the display Pressing makes the screen lighter while makes it darker Press in the BASE N mode to enter C 1210 of a hexadecimal valu...

Страница 14: ...n if you increase contrast it probably means that battery power is getting low In such a case replace batteries as soon as possible Contrast adjustment is impossible during range display using the key...

Страница 15: ...xponent Calculations however are internally performed with a range of 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent 3 x 105 7 Calculation results greater than 1010 10 billion or less than 10 2...

Страница 16: ...9 999999999x1099 2 An attempt is made to perform functional calculations that exceed the input range 3 Improper operation during statistical calculations Ex Attempting to obtain X or x n without data...

Страница 17: ...limited to 127 steps Usually the cursor is represented by a blinking _ but once the 121st step is reached the cursor changes to a blinking If the appears during a calculation the calculation should be...

Страница 18: ...f pressed during a graph display Corrections To make corrections in a formula that is being input use the and keys to move to the position of the error and press the correct keys To change an input of...

Страница 19: ...If a character has been omitted from a formula use the and keys to move to the position where the character should have been input and press followed by the key Press and insertions can be subsequentl...

Страница 20: ...ing the key followed by the memory name To store the sum of memory A 78 9 in memory B TO add 74 12 to memory B To check the contents of a memory press the name of the memory to be checked followed by...

Страница 21: ...xpanded in units of one A maximun of 50 memories can be added for a maximum total of 76 26 50 Expansion is performed by pressing followed by a value representing the size of the expansion and then To...

Страница 22: ...umber of steps remaining The expansion procedure expansion value can also be stored as a program Using expanded memories Expanded memories are used in the same manner as standard memories and are refe...

Страница 23: ...etic operations are performed by pressing the keys in the same sequence as in the formula For negative values press before entering the value For mixed arithmetic operations multiplication and divisio...

Страница 24: ...38 Parenthesis calculations...

Страница 25: ...39 Memory calculations The contents of memories are not erased when power is off They are cleared by pressing followed by and then...

Страница 26: ...mber of decimal places or number of significant digits will not be cancelled until another value or is specified using the sequence Specified values are not cancelled even if power is switched off or...

Страница 27: ...41...

Страница 28: ...d and is pressed the result is stored by this function To recall the stored value press the key When is pressed Ans appears on the display along with the Answer function value The value can be used in...

Страница 29: ...new calculation When execution of a calculation results in an error however the Ans memory retains its current value When a value is stored to another memory using the key that value is not stored in...

Страница 30: ...for further calculations Such calculations are performed with 10 digit mantissa of the displayed value To calculate 3 14 after 3 x 4 12 To calculate 1 3 x 3 This function can be used with memory and...

Страница 31: ...e beginning with the cursor located under the first character Pressing will display the formula from the end with the cursor located at the space following the last character After this use and to mov...

Страница 32: ...d of 14 10 x 2 3 Multistatement function The multistatement function available in program calculations can also be used in manual calculations With the multistatement function multiple statements are...

Страница 33: ...es radians grads is set by pressing followed by a value from 4 through 6 and then The numeric value from 4 through 6 specifies degrees radians and grads respectively Once a unit of angular measurement...

Страница 34: ...48...

Страница 35: ...verse trigonometric functions Be sure to set the unit of angular measurement before performing trigonometric function and inverse trigonometric function calculations The operations noted below cannot...

Страница 36: ...50 Logarithmic and exponential functions The operations noted below cannot be performed in the BASE N mode...

Страница 37: ...51 Hyperbolic funcitions and inverse hyperbolic functions The operations noted below cannot be performed in the BASE N mode...

Страница 38: ...tes Calculation results are stored in variable memory I and variable memory J Contents of variable memory I are displayed first To display contents of memory J press With polar coordinates can be calc...

Страница 39: ...53 Other functions x2 x 1 x 3 Ran Abs Int Frac The operations noted below cannot be performed in the BASE N mode...

Страница 40: ...54...

Страница 41: ...55 Fractions Fractions are input and displayed in the following order integer numerator denominator...

Страница 42: ...56...

Страница 43: ...then the number system designator b o d or h immediately followed by the value General function calculations cannot be performed in the BASE N mode Only integers can be handled in the BASE N mode If a...

Страница 44: ...tive 1111111111 x 0 Negative 1111111111 x 1000000000 Octal Positive 777777777 x 0 Negative 7777777777 x 4000000000 Decimal 2147483647 x 2147483648 Hexadecimal Positive 7FFFFFF x 0 Negative FFFFFFFF x...

Страница 45: ...59 Binary octal decimal hexadecimal conversions Negative expressions...

Страница 46: ...60 Basic arithmetic operations using binary octal decimal and hexadecimal values...

Страница 47: ...60 61 Logical operations Logical operations are performed through logical products and logical sums or negation Not exclusive logic sums xor and negation of exclusive logical sums xnor...

Страница 48: ...by and then Individual data are input using Multiple data of the same value can be input either by repeatedly pressing or by entering the data pressing followed by that represents the number of times...

Страница 49: ...on can also be performed by entering x data y data followed by a value representing the number of times the data is repeated and then If only x data is repeated x data having the same value enter y da...

Страница 50: ...s y A B Inx Enter the x data as the logarithm In of x and the y data inputs the same as that for linear regression Estimated values and based on the regression formula can be calculated using the foll...

Страница 51: ...hat for linear regression Estimated values and based on the regression formula can be calculated using the following formulas Correction is performed the same as in linear regression Constant term A i...

Страница 52: ...rdrawing built in function graphs Two or more different built in function graphs can be drawn together on the same display Since the range for the first graph is automatically set all subsequent graph...

Страница 53: ...ariable X in the operation function key By inputting after the function key the range is unchanged and the next graph is produced without clearing the existing display Overdraw the graph for y cos x o...

Страница 54: ...tion an error message appears on the display When this happens press or to display the place in the calculation that caused the error Replay function and make the necessary corrections Inputting 0 for...

Страница 55: ...s made to produce a graph When a range setting is used that does not allow display of the axes the scale for the y axis is indicated on either the left or right edge of the display while that for the...

Страница 56: ...u enlarge or reduce the x and y coordinates If you use the Trace or Plot function to locate the pointer at a specific point on the graph the enlargement reduction is performed using the pointer locati...

Страница 57: ...tion To use the Trace function in combination with the Zoom function to analyze the graph for y x2 3 Use the following range parameters for the original graph Xmin 4 Ymin 8 Xmax 4 Ymax 8 Xscl 2 Yscl 4...

Страница 58: ...82 83 first...

Страница 59: ...executed and the text display is brought up using the key pressing causes the next graph to appear and the coordinate value to clear Examine the above using 2 5 Plot function The Plot function is use...

Страница 60: ...es The Line function can only be used to draw lines between the blinking pointer and a fixed point created using the Plot function Graph scroll function Immediately after you have drawn a graph you ca...

Страница 61: ...ere a program will be created based upon the formulas given above The basis of a program is manual calculation so first of all consider the operational method used for manual calculation Surface area...

Страница 62: ...hout stopping Therefore commands are required to request the input of data and to display results The command to request data input is while that to display results is A within a program will cause ex...

Страница 63: ...e program is displayed the or key is used to advance the program one step at a time for verification When the program has been improperly stored editing can also be performed by adding to it or erasin...

Страница 64: ...would be performed as follows Program execution Now this program will be executed Formulas For a surface area S volume V and one side A S and V for a regular tetrahedron are defined as Programming As...

Страница 65: ...n idea of the proper countermeasure to be taken Error messages There are a total of seven error messages Syn ERROR Syntax error Indicates a mistake in the formula or a misuse of program commands Ma ER...

Страница 66: ...cates the argument of a command or specification in a program exceeds the input range e g Sci 10 Goto 11 Further operation will become impossible when an error message is displayed Press or to cancel...

Страница 67: ...o a program area At this time each press of a cursor key or will cause the cursor to move to the next sequential step For example This unit contains a total of 10 program areas P0 through P9 for the s...

Страница 68: ...inal result output to return to the previous calculation mode when a program execution is terminated Failure to do so may result in a decimal display or an error SD mode Among the functions Abs and3 c...

Страница 69: ...are executed in the order that they are input from the lowest step number first until the end of the program is reached This system is not very convenient when there are repeat calculations to be per...

Страница 70: ...does not equal 0 Goto 2 will be skipped and the command A B B which follows is executed and Calculate y ax b when the value for x changes each time while a and b can also change depending upon the cal...

Страница 71: ...y 1 and decide lsz Dsz Increase memory A by one Isz A A Decrease memory B by one Dsz B Determine the average of 10 input numeric values Program 1 0 A 0 C Lbl 1 B B C C Dsz A Goto 1 C 1 0 32 steps In t...

Страница 72: ...reased by 1 by Isz T In this case the Isz command is used only for the purpose of increasing the value stored in memory T and the subsequent jump does not depend upon any comparison or decision The Is...

Страница 73: ...ps to program P9 at the beginning of programs P0 and P1 three decimal places are specified the value for one side is entered and the surface area of the tetrahedron is calculated The expression 2x of...

Страница 74: ...pt is appended to an alphabetic character that represents a standard memory from A through Z Therefore care must be taken to prevent overlap of memories The relation is as follows of P1 the result of...

Страница 75: ...ories are used as follows x data C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 D E F G H I J K C 9 C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 L M N O P Q R y data C 16 C 17 C 18 C 19 C 20 C 21 C 22 C 23 S T U V W X Y Z C 24 C 2...

Страница 76: ...be inserted into this program Lbl 1 X X Y Y If messages are included as shown here the display is as follows Assuming that the program is sorted in P1 Example program 2 The same memories are used as i...

Страница 77: ...raph function within programs makes it possible to graphically represent long complex equations and to overwrite graphs repeatedly All graph commands except the trace function can be included in progr...

Страница 78: ...this program press after input of the first equation The following should appear on the display when the program is executed A can be input after the first equation to suspend execution after the firs...

Страница 79: ...125 124...

Страница 80: ...127 126...

Страница 81: ...129 128 Program Calculations...

Страница 82: ...131 130 Error Message Table...

Страница 83: ...133 132 Input Ranges of Functions...

Страница 84: ...ority sequence judgement function true algebraic logic Built in scientific Trigonometric inverse trigonometric functions functions units of angular measurement degrees radians grads hyperbolic inverse...

Страница 85: ...ation uses 12 digit mantissa Rounding performed according to the specified number of significant digits or the number of specified decimal places Exponential display Norm 1 10 2 1010 Norm 2 10 9 1010...

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