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TB MRD1-G 11.01 E

4

Working principle

In this chapter the individual functions and working
principle of the

MRD1

are described.

4.1

Protective functions

4.1.1

Generator differential protection

Term

Explanation

ID

Bias current

This is the current passing through the generator from the starpoint side to the grid
side. This current is representing the normal load.

Id

Differential current

The difference between grid side current and star point side current of one wind-
ing.

Ia

Pickup current

If the differential current exceeds the pickup current, the relay trips.

Fault current due to
operational condi-
tions

This kind of fault current is the component of the measured differential current
which, however, is not caused by a fault of the object to be protected but is of
systematic nature

Stabilization

Under this heading all measures are compiled which stabilize the differential relay
against nuisance tripping. Stabilizing always means the pickup current is raised
and by this the differential relay becomes more intensitive, but is never completely
blocked.

I

S

Stabilizing current

This current develops from the bias current and represents the extent of stabilizing
measures necessary as result of the fundamental analysis. Parameters of the
pickup characteristic can be set.

m

Harmonic stabilizing
factor

This factor, derived from the analysis of the harmonic frequency, is apart from I

S

the second stabilizing factor and in case of rush and saturation by following a
special characteristic makes the differential relay stable against tripping errors.

d[Id] Characteristic Offset The characteristic curve is raised up by the value d[Id] immediately after a har-

monic stabilization factor “m” is measured to be greater than zero. This is to give
a basic stabilization after detection of inrush or ct-saturation during external fault
by means of harmonic measurement.

Pickup characteristic This characteristic defines the stabilizing current dependence on the pickup current

Table 1: Term definitions

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Содержание MRD1-G

Страница 1: ...MRD1 G Generator Differential Protection System ...

Страница 2: ...1 1 Data organization 5 1 2 Parameter sets 5 1 3 Key function 5 1 4 LEDs 5 1 5 VIEW mode EDIT mode 5 1 6 OFFLINE TEST mode 5 1 7 Reset DEVICE RESET 5 1 8 Enter password 5 1 9 Password forgotten 5 2 SYSTEM settings 5 2 1 Selection 5 2 2 Overview 5 2 3 Time Date 5 2 4 Password change 5 3 PARAMETER pages 5 3 1 Selection 5 3 2 Overview 5 3 3 Generator ratings 5 3 4 Protection parameters 5 3 5 Relay se...

Страница 3: ...sion resulting from the individual protection functions The MRD1 software is also of modular structure Each protection function is al located to a special program segment and so it is possible to subsequently add further functions All essential parameters measuring data or values calculated from these can be called off and are shown locally on the display The MRD1 is equipped with an Event Recorde...

Страница 4: ...ory for parameter sets events and fault data Indication of measured operational values and re sulting quantities Wide ranging automatic self tests Small relay size Three possibilities for relay resetting Indication of relay function optically or via separate selfsupervision relay All data interfaces galvanical isolated Rated frequency selectable 50 Hz 60 Hz Parameter setting protected by password ...

Страница 5: ...ailable Trip OFFLINE TEST mode active Edit mode active Displayed parameter is modified but has not been stored yet Switch status of the 5 optionally 10 output relays Display of the relay function self test b Status display of the 15 digital inputs if provided These 15 indications are shown at the left of the dis play informing about the status of the digital inputs 3 1 4 Push buttons All necessary...

Страница 6: ...additions e g temperature measuring module graphic display module For the CAN Bus interfaces two 9 pole D SUB plug and socket connectors are used 3 2 3 Function inputs and signal inputs optionally These 15 digital inputs contacts 1 15 are combined on the 16 pole plug and socket connector The six teenth contact is the common return wire Any incom ing information a can direct be assigned to selectab...

Страница 7: ...must be formed outside the relay since all 12 CT connections are wired separately on terminals In addition to other measuring or protection devices the MRD1 can be looped in to existing CT lines assumed the CT being able to carry the total burden Apart from further connections for voltage supply of the relay the module is also provided with a digital input for remote resetting as well as connectio...

Страница 8: ...uisance tripping Stabilizing always means the pickup current is raised and by this the differential relay becomes more intensitive but is never completely blocked IS Stabilizing current This current develops from the bias current and represents the extent of stabilizing measures necessary as result of the fundamental analysis Parameters of the pickup characteristic can be set m Harmonic stabilizin...

Страница 9: ...l protection relay must trip but not so at external faults Examples External fault During a short circuit occuring at the grid the short cir cuit current flows through the generator The difference between incoming and outgoing currents of all genera tor terminals is small in ideal cases zero I1 I2 0 The differential protection relay does not trip Switch ing off in such cases probably to be realize...

Страница 10: ...he ex pected fault current versus tripping characteristic is shown If a real fault occurs the measured differential current exceeds the biasing current caused by operational conditions Therefore the pickup characteristic must ex ceed the biasing current characteristic by the required sensitivity value The exact course can be approxi mated by a simplified characteristic consisting of two linear sec...

Страница 11: ...s is the case the MRD1 is internally ener gized Tripping occurs when the calculated difference current is consecutively three times within the tripping limits To prevent the energized state from being reset too quickly a hysteresis of 75 is programmed This means that a newly calculated difference current must be smaller than 75 of the present characteristic trip value in order for the energized co...

Страница 12: ...toring data entry from the different measuring channels In addition all input signals are digitally Fourier filtered Among other values this proc essor calculates RMS values and stores digitalized sig nal sequences to the memory and the signal recorder option Apart from data management and processing the DSP keeps performing wide ranging self tests 4 4 Digital main processor The main processors is...

Страница 13: ...ory program memory analogue measurements PCM memory card serial PC interface RS232 signal processor main processor central module extension module base module main processor bus optional communi cation parameter memory blocking input supply 5 output relays SOFTWARE Relay matrix RESET input dual ported memory 5 output relays G Mains side Star point ...

Страница 14: ...ely in the re corder Additionally to the measured data the following details are also stored the cause for tripping serial number of the incident as well as date and time at the instant of tripping The MRD1 is able to record several incidents in a FIFO memory The longest stored data is overwritten when a new incident occurs Complete data of altogether 5 inci dents can always be called off More inf...

Страница 15: ...sted Protection function Software version number Number of version and date of software are in quired no remains active LED Test all LEDs light up red f 2s all LEDs light up green f 2s no remains active Test of output relays Sequence in one second interval self test relay de energizes all other relays de energize all relays energize one after the other with LED relays return to actual position sel...

Страница 16: ...ortant for relay tests test of the reset time where the test current is not switched off immediately with tripping TRIP condition Auslösebedingung Relay energized Relais angezogen RESET TIME Mindestkommandozeit t RESET TIME Mindestkommandozeit 1 0 1 0 Fig Reset time If a relay is to remain self holding after tripping the reset time has to be set to exit Setting as per customer s re quirements can ...

Страница 17: ...ons are blocked also in case the exter nal blocking may was released In case of longer con tinuous external blocking the blocking can be stopped after a maximum hold time tmax for enabling the relay to trip in case of ongoing faults wirksame Blockierzeit effective block time ext Block Eingang ext blockage input tmin t tmax Note Repeated impulse at the blocking time within tmin restart the hold tim...

Страница 18: ...T Recorder PARAMETER measurements data recorder PARAMETER page 3 parameter 3 1 parameter 3 2 parameter 3 3 PARAMETER page 2 parameter 2 1 parameter 2 2 parameter 2 3 PARAMETER page 1 parameter 1 1 parameter 1 2 parameter 1 3 TEST routines TEST routines software version relays test LED test memory test 4 parameter sets SYSTEM parameter SYSTEM PARAMETER clock setting serial port options work set sel...

Страница 19: ... memory display keyboard serial interface parameter set 1 parameter set 2 parameter set 3 parameter set 4 protection program output relay message display LED measurement switch open in Offline Test Mode SYSTEM parameter Generator Fig 5 1 2 Parameter sets principle For processing the selected set is loaded into the EDIT memory switch Set to Edit After parameters have been changed the EDIT memory is...

Страница 20: ...election YES b toggle setting in EDIT mode yes no on off finish working in EDIT mode perform parameter plausi bility check and save if check passed all modifications a reject selection NO b cancel modification c clear message a From HOME POSITION DEVICE RESET b From Sub Menu back to home position no operation password protected press and hold down PARA press UP in addition to PARA release both Not...

Страница 21: ...supply off Device OFF TRIP off Normal red Trip red flashing a Energized TEST off Normal red flashing a OFFLINE TEST mode active EDIT off Normal VIEW mode red EDIT mode after password access MODIFIED off Normal red EDIT mode parameter modified Relay off Relays off red green Relays energized Relay test red flashing b Relay off after energizing until DEVICE RESET red flashing a Relay blocked SELFTEST...

Страница 22: ...cepted Checkback ARE YOU SURE Before the parameter set ist finally stored an internal plausibility check is per formed to ensure that all settings are conclusive If the check routine detects a irresolute combination of set tings the user will be informed and the settings are not stored e g an unsuitable combination of generator rated current which is calculated from rated voltage and power capacit...

Страница 23: ...de is activated with selftest relay unenergized During OFFLINE TEST mode the generator is not pro tected by the MRD1 Although a failure could be de tected during this mode the MRD1 would not initiate a trip of the generator In order to prevent dangerous conditions the generator must either have a sufficient backup protection or has to be switched off After an intended OFFLINE TEST this mode must b...

Страница 24: ...T on password incorrect LED EDIT remains off Table Procedure for entering a password Message appears for app 2 s Note Any process started can be stopped at any time by pressing key RESET The password entered at our works consists of key se quence It is adviseable to change this password immediately to an individual one LED EDIT indicates if the password entered is correct In this state changes on ...

Страница 25: ...ld press PARA in addi tion to release both SYSTEM parameter page line 1 line 2 line 3 line 4 select line change value password access line 2 ___________ line 2 acual setting to change a value or start an operation ENTER to confirm or save ENTER Fig System settings principle Note To change any setting or start an operation Select parameter or option with UP DOWN Press ENTER Enter password if reques...

Страница 26: ...a serial interface programming via interface enable disable disable parameter set switch over via interface enable disable disable activate Offline TEST Mode enable disable enable select active parameter set 1 4 1 change password see 5 2 4 clear all parameter sets and set to default The device switches to OFFLINE TEST mode automatically clear event recorder clear fault recorder Table SYSTEM settin...

Страница 27: ...ame function for this setting procedure Both move the cursor always to the next digit group After reaching the SECOND column it is switched back to YEAR again Digits for the year and month have to be entered before digit s for the day to enable the MRD1 to carry out correct calculation of in tercalary days as well as the max days in a month The internal clock does not stop during the setting proce...

Страница 28: ...d has to be entered twice If the entries are not iden tical the password is not changed and the previous one still applies Please see table below Display Step Key Password change with ENTER Request to enter old password enter new password enter new password again changing done The new password wouldn t be typed 2 times identically Try again message appears for app 2 s Table Password change procedu...

Страница 29: ... 2 was loaded and is now ready for editing continued at 5 3 2 PARA pages page 1 page 2 page 3 page 4 page 2 param 2 1 param 2 2 param 2 3 param 2 4 PARAMETER 2 3 value leaf to next page select line change value password access Fig Parameter pages organization Possibilities after modifying a parameter Keep modifications and scroll to next line up down Keep modifications and leaf to next page PARA s...

Страница 30: ... current at Is 0 In Difference current at Is 2 In Difference current at Is 10 In max Difference current Idiff 5 3 4 Parameter of lo gic functions Assignment of protective and logic functions AND logic Reset time or self holding of the output relay 5 3 5 Parameter of ex ternal blocking Table Parameter pages overview On the first attempt to change a setting with the keys in a edit session the passwo...

Страница 31: ...6 kV rated primary current of CTs 1 A 50 000 A 1500 A Mains Side CTs connection in nor mal polarity like connection dia gram or inverted reverse polarity normal inverted normal corresponding to Star Point CTs normal inverted normal NOTE The Parameter must be set to inverted polarity if the direction of current flow in the secondary circuit is reverse to the input terminals of MRD1 according to the...

Страница 32: ...Ts Idiff maximum permitted difference current d Id raise up of characteristic curve by offset in case of characteristic harmonics In Generator nominal current or motor nominal current 0 Stabilisierungsstrom stabilizing current Is In Differenzstrom differential current Id In 5 Idiff Is In 10 10 Idiff 1 2 8 Einstellbereich der Kennlinie setting range of characteristic 2 8 I II III Idiff Is In 2 Idif...

Страница 33: ...g to Is In 2 0 2 2 In 0 4 corresponding to Is In 10 2 0 8 0 In 2 0 maximum permitted differential current 2 0 20 0 In 4 0 Offset of characteristic curve from static basic characteristic curve 0 0 8 0 2 0 Table Adjustable protection parameter To get no negative slope in the characteristic part I the setting Idiff Is 2 must not be less then the setting Idiff Is 0 The MRD1 will check the inputs on th...

Страница 34: ...ne Assignment of relay 1 to logic functions A P OR logic ABC P AB corresponding to relay 2 ABC P AB corresponding to relay 3 ABC P AB corresponding to relay 4 ABC P AB optio nal corresponding to relay 6 ABC P AB corresponding to relay 7 ABC P AB corresponding to relay 8 ABC P AB corresponding to relay 9 ABC P AB corresponding to relay 10 ABC P AB ...

Страница 35: ... relay 6 If equipped 0 00 1 00s exit 0 2 s corresponding to relay 7 If equipped 0 00 1 00s exit 0 2 s corresponding to relay 8 If equipped 0 00 1 00s exit 0 2 s corresponding to relay 9 If equipped 0 00 1 00s exit 0 2 s corresponding to relay 10 If equipped 0 00 1 00s exit 0 2 s Table Reset time of the output relays The reset time ist the minimum time the relay keeps energized after a trip If the ...

Страница 36: ...A Id Assignment of logic functions B to protective functi ons here protective function B Id Assignment of logic functions C to protective func tions here protective function A and B Assignment of logic functions P to protective func tions here no protective function Nota Nota Nota Nota For MRD1 there is the following definition Ptotective function A Differential protection Id Low Set Protective fu...

Страница 37: ...37 TB MRD1 G 11 97 E Scheme ...

Страница 38: ... einstel lung Select Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Header Line Blocking of protective functions here protective function A and B AB AB Min hold time of blocking exit no min hold time 0 0 60 0 exit 0 1s Max blocking time when continuouing blocking signal exit latched as long as signal holds 0 1 60 0 exit 2 0s ...

Страница 39: ...arameter In this case the EDIT mode is not left and the value can be corrected When setting parameters via an interface validity er rors are indicated by a spezial telegramm message A setting is not regarded to be valid if one of the fol lowing conditions are not met CT mismatch for each winding 1 8 IN IWPN 2 IN CT transformation ratio at MRD1 rated current IWPN 5 A Relation of voltage levels For ...

Страница 40: ...40 TB MRD1 G 11 01 E ...

Страница 41: ... on the data pages Key Display DATA page page 1 Fault Rec Event Rec page 1 meas 1 1 meas 1 2 meas 1 3 measurement 1 3 value leaf to next page select line Data recorder last but one time FAULT EVENT I DIFF TRIP select a stored value date event value 1 value 2 DATA recorder 1 2 3 4 Fig Data pages organization ...

Страница 42: ...ents and calculated datas Phase current L1 L2 L3 Differential current Stabilizing current Is Recall stored trip datas Trip message date time measurements calculated measurements Recall event messages Message text date time Recall statistic Data Operating hours Trip counter Alarm counter Table Data pages overview ...

Страница 43: ...ta scroll Headline Actual measuring value of the phase current L1 MA Mains side in A corresponding to L2 corresponding to L3 etc Phase current in A SP Star point side calculated difference current Idiff calculated stabilizing current Irestr Table Operational measured data ...

Страница 44: ...tored data for all existing registers Record n in chronological or der Trip number date time trip reason all stored data The display shows at the end of the list or if no trips are stored Table Fault Recorder Key Display Value next value Headline of the last trip e g Trip number Reason of the trip Date of trip Time of trip Current L1 of winding 1 in A etc corresponding for all stored datas Table D...

Страница 45: ...1 event message date time of the last trip but one previous corresponding to all stored events Event n event message date time in chronological order The display shows at the end of the list Table Event Recorder Key Display Value next value Event number and event mes sage e g last event Date of event Time of event Table Message and time date ...

Страница 46: ... MRD1 G 11 01 E 5 4 6 Statistic data Key Display Value next value Headline MRD1 Operating hours Trip counter Alarm counter Table Statistic data Note Note Note Note This statistic counters can not be resetted ...

Страница 47: ...TB MRD1 G 11 01 E 47 5 5 TEST routines page Self test 5 5 1 Page selection Page select Display TEST routines test 1 test 2 test 3 test 2 select test password access start test test is running ...

Страница 48: ...rd needed Test Test of the output relays IMPORTANT all relays will be energised in a 1 s interval The Selftest Relay keeps off for the duration of the test After the test all relays will be set to the state before Test Memory program test This routine will test the memory and the program by calculating a checksum NOTE Password is needed because the protection function is disabled during the test T...

Страница 49: ...e set No to edit 3 confirm selection set will be loaded in EDIT memory 4 leaf to first parameter page 5 scroll to the first line of this page first parameter 6 if necessary change displayed value on first modification enter password For bit wise parameter like system parameter Group Ad dress press shortly 7 scroll to next line second parameter there is no need to confirm the modification of step 6...

Страница 50: ...and reset to old value if LED MODIFIED illuminated short edit another parameter set finish with ENTER long or RESET long and continue on step 1 Note Note Note Note There is no need to confirm any modification by pressing ENTER All modifications are temporarily stored in the edit memory when scrolling with up down keys When pressing ENTER long all modifications in the edit memory will be stored in ...

Страница 51: ...n 0 Is 0 2 3 I 0 1 In Value indications dependent on the test circuit used I MRD1 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 I MRD1 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 W1 W2 W1 W2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A A A B MRD1 W1 W2 I B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 I IL1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 LFG1 A A A D Symmetrisches Dreiphasensystem symmetrical three phase system MRD1 W1 W2 I B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 I IL1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 LFG1...

Страница 52: ... the switchboard Entry of rated system data Has all rated system data correctly been programmed Are the indices of the vector group setted Are the CTs connected normal or revers Setting of parame ters for protection Have all parameters for protection correctly been programmed Reset time Are the reset times set to all output relays Selection of work parameter set Has the right parameter set been se...

Страница 53: ... the table All figures are to be understood as approximate values and are a multiple of the load current Case Differential current Idiff In Through current Is In 1 All CTs are correctly connected 0 1 2 One CT connect with rev polarity 1 33 0 66 3 Two CTs connect with rev polarity 2 0 0 4 Three CTs connect with rev polarity 2 0 0 Table Recommended values for differential current and stabilizing cur...

Страница 54: ...voltage auxiliary voltage supply Input CT a Phase current CT Rated current IN 1 A or 5 A Power consumtion in current path at IN 0 1 VA Thermal withstand capability in current circuit 250 IN VDE 435 T303 dynamical current withstand half wave 100 IN for 1 s 30 IN for 10 s 4 IN continuously VDE 435 T303 linear range Low Range 0 05 2 IN High Range 2 64 IN Range setting automatical Resolution 12 Bit pe...

Страница 55: ... 3 RS485 Data transmission rate 9600 Baud Connection plugged terminals RXT TXD P RXT TXD N Signal Ground PE Insulation voltages DIN 19244 part 3 IEC 870 3 Output relay Contact class IIB DIN VDE 435 part 120 max breaking voltage 250 VAC 300 VDC max closing power 1500 VA 250 V max breaking power 11 VA 220 VDC at L R 40 ms max rating making current 6 A Short circuit current 20A 16 ms Rated inrush cur...

Страница 56: ...ischarge ESD test as per VDE 0843 part 2 IEC 77B CO 21 IEC 255 22 2 8 kV Electrical fast transient Burst test as per DIN VDE 0843 part 4 IEC 77B CO 22 IEC 255 22 4 4 kV 2 5 kHz 15 ms Radio interference suppression test as per EN 55011 limit value class B Radiated electromagnetic field test as per ENV 50140 electric field strength 10 V m Power frequency magnetic field immunity test 100 A m continuo...

Страница 57: ...tivated by external input End of blocking Difference current trip Difference current trip released Difference current high set trip Difference current high set trip released Change output relay state except Selftest relay Selftest relay is energized Selftest supervision relay is de energized Lamp test is finished Test of the output is finished Self test is finished Offline Test Mode is active Offl...

Страница 58: ...RS 485 port reset and blocking input auxiliary voltage and earth connection output Relays measuring inputs A column Star point side B column Grid side output Relays 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C D E A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C D E A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 F 1 CAN1 CAN2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SEG MRD1 RWI D RS485 GND PE PE P N GND P N ...

Страница 59: ...TB MRD1 G 11 01 E 59 Fig Connection diagram MRD1 G Technical data subject to change without notice ...

Страница 60: ...C Auxiliary voltages 24 V 19 to 40 V DC 48V 60V 38 to 72 V DC 110V 125V 220V 88 to 264 V DC L M H Housing 42TE additional MRD1 T2 HTL 3F42 available necessary rack for the single components Note Note Note Note Normally the MRD1 is provided with one type of current transformer only 1A or 5A Equipment with two CTs of different current ratings in one relay only on request ...

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