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Cutter Compensation (G40, G41 and G42)

The movement of the tool specified by the program is the path taken by the center of the tool. Because the tool has a certain thickness

(i.e., a certain diameter), it will over-cut by an amount equal to its radius if the coordinates on the drawing are input just as they are.

To cut a shape as specified by the drawing, the tool must be made to move at a place which shifted away by a distance equal to the tool

radius. This is called the “tool-diameter offset.”

Using this function makes it possible to input the values from the drawing as coordinate values (or amounts of movement) with no need

for modification, thus facilitating programming. Also, if cutting is to be performed with a tool that has a different tool diameter, it is

only necessary to change the amount of offset.

The words for cutter compensation are “

G40

,” “

G41

,” and “

G42

.”

G40

: Cancel cutter compensation

G41

: Cutter compensation -- left

G42

: Cutter compensation -- right

Feed Rate

This determines the feed rate for the workpiece and the spindle. The F function is used to make the setting.

The feed rate generally varies according to the cutting parameters (such as the spindle speed, tool diameter, and workpiece material).

The F function is activated at the start of the block in which it is specified.

The feed rate is specified as a real or integer value following the “F.”

F100.0

Feed rate set at 100 mm/min. (when millimeter input is used)

F100000

Feed rate set at 100 mm/min. (when millimeter input is used)

Feed Rate Override

Feed rate override” refers to manually changing the feed rate specified by the program. This is mainly used to adjust the feed rate

during cutting. This function may or may not be supported, depending on the machine. Refer to the "User's Manual 3 Cutting Using

NC-Codes" for information on how to make this setting.

R15

R15+

R15

R15-

Workpiece

Tool

: Tool path

Содержание CAMM-3 PNC-3200

Страница 1: ...ration manual and the specifications of this product are subject to change without notice The operation manual and the product have been prepared and tested as much as possible If you find any misprint or error please inform us Roland DG Corp assumes no responsibility for any direct or indirect loss or damage which may occur through use of this product regardless of any failure to perform on the p...

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Страница 3: ...elated Errors 16 Sample Program 18 Part 2 Reference How to Read Part 2 19 Preparatory Functions G Functions G 00 Positioning 20 G 01 Linear Interpolation 21 G 02 and G 03 Circular Interpolation 22 G 04 Dwell 25 G10 Data Setting 26 G 17 G 18 and G 19 Plane 28 G20 and G21 Setting the Measurement Unit 28 G39 Corner offset Circular Interpolation 29 G40 G41 and G42 Cutter Compensation 30 G 50 and G 51 ...

Страница 4: ...odes in an encyclopedic form Once a certain familiarity with programming has been achieved programming can be accomplished simply by glancing through this part Miscellaneous Functions M Functions M 00 Program Stop 47 M 01 Optional Stop 47 M 02 End of Program 47 M 03 and M 05 Spindle Motor Start Stop 47 M 06 Tool Change 48 M 30 End of Program 48 M 98 Subprogram Call 49 M 99 End of Subprogram 50 Spi...

Страница 5: ...ne such conditions as the workpiece material the size of the workpiece to be prepared the tool diameter the tool type the proper turning speed and the proper feed rate Then determine the sequence in which to cut The cutting sequence is in extremely important point for carrying out cutting efficiently and safely In actual cutting the moving portion may be either the workpiece or the spindle Program...

Страница 6: ... or a subprogram Main Program Ordinarily the machine operates according to instructions from a main program A subprogram which is described next is basically specified within a main program Subprogram If a main program can be likened to the trunk of a tree then subprograms are branches When a main program specifies execution of a subprogram of a certain number the subprogram of that number is call...

Страница 7: ...e speed of the spindle motor This is a miscellaneous function It is used for such operations as starting and stopping the spindle motor This signals the end of the program The spindle stops EOB O N G X I Y J Z K F S M M02 About Blocks A program is a series of instructions written commands for the machine expressed as symbols and numbers The instructions are separated by EOB markers with the inform...

Страница 8: ...dle text and is used by virtually all computers Text is output as normal ASCII unless you use software which can output ISO or EIA codes to the machine or a program which converts ASCII to ISO or EIA Numerically controlled machine tools NC machines generally use ISO International Organization for Standardization or EIA Electronic Industry Association as their character code system Both of these us...

Страница 9: ...ce Coordinate Systems A workpiece coordinate system is a coordinate system for workpiece machining The origin point of a workpiece coordinate system is the program s origin point according to an absolute specification There are two methods that can be used to set a workpiece coordinate system 1 Setting using G92 2 Setting using G54 to G59 1 Setting a workpiece coordinate system using G92 A workpie...

Страница 10: ...et up to six workpiece coordinate origin points and select a coordinate system from among these by means of the program The workpiece coordinate systems 1 through 6 are set by specifying the amount of shift the amount of workpiece origin point offset from the machine coordinate origin point to the workpiece coordinate origin point Each workpiece coordinate system is set using the PNC 3200 s displa...

Страница 11: ...5 0 Amount of offset by G92 G10 can be used to set not only the amount of shift for all workpiece coordinate systems but also amounts of offset for each individual workpiece coordinate system Selecting any of the workpiece coordinate systems from G54 to G59 and executing G92 causes the following to occur Because G92 sets the current tool position to a desired coordinate value the workpiece coordin...

Страница 12: ...nd Z axes from the current tool position respectively Another method of circular interpolation involves specifying the radius Refer to G02 and G03 Circlar Interpolation for details Absolute and Incremental There are two types of coordinate specifications absolute and incremental These are toggled by G90 and G91 The figure below shows the difference between absolute and incremental specifications o...

Страница 13: ...umber entry and input of a number without a decimal point is called integer entry A value such as 10 0 where the portion to the right of the decimal point is zero may be abbreviated to 10 with no change in value When real number entry is used the numerical value is interpreted as being in the measurement unit that has been set When integer entry is used the numerical value is interpreted as being ...

Страница 14: ...ied at the start of the block A sequence number may either be present or absent from any or all blocks There is also no need for sequence numbers to be consecu tive or to be arranged in order from smaller to larger numbers However consecutive sequence numbers are customarily used to mark critical places within a program A sequence number is specified by appending an integer of up to four digits af...

Страница 15: ...Y and Z are used to specify the destination point When X Y and Z are all specified the three axes move simultaneously If the tool path is blocked by the workpiece or another object during movement it is necessary to take steps to prevent the tool from striking the object and one way to do this is to move each axis one at a time An example of this would be to use the absolute specifica tion G00Z500...

Страница 16: ...ircle instead of specifying the circle s center point This method is convenient because numerical values read from the drawing can be used directly Two circles with identical radii and passing through two points exist This means that if the interpolation direction radius of the circle and point for the destination of interpolation have been specified there are two circles These two circles can be ...

Страница 17: ...0 G41 and G42 G40 Cancel cutter compensation G41 Cutter compensation left G42 Cutter compensation right Feed Rate This determines the feed rate for the workpiece and the spindle The F function is used to make the setting The feed rate generally varies according to the cutting parameters such as the spindle speed tool diameter and workpiece material The F function is activated at the start of the b...

Страница 18: ... An error is generated when an unsuitable value has been set for a parameter or when the PNC 3200 cannot interpret the program Only error messages related to programming are described in this manual Errors Occurring During Program Execution When an error occurs operation pauses and an error message is displayed When this happens press the DISPLAY key to display the block which contains the error T...

Страница 19: ... a fourth level subprogram of a main program Error While Registering Cutting Data A check of subprograms is carried out when a program is saved in the buffer Depending on the results of the check one of the follow ing error messages may be displayed Error message Description Sub Program Table Over Duplicate Sub Program Number There are more than ten subprograms The maximum number of subprograms th...

Страница 20: ...indle Start cutter compensation and move tool to X axis 8 mm and Y axis 8 mm Linear interpolation to 7 mm on Z axis Linear interpolation to 35 mm on Y axis Linear interpolation to 45 mm on X axis Circular interpolation counterclockwise to position X 15 mm Y 15 mm from current tool position Linear interpolation to 20 mm on Y axis Linear interpolation to 60 mm on X axis Linear interpolation to 7 mm ...

Страница 21: ...e way to do this is to move each axis one at a time Y X 15000 2000 Current position 6000 9000 G00X15000Y2000 Y X 15000 2000 Current position 6000 9000 G00X15000 When the coordinates are absolute When the coordinates are absolute G00Y2000 Word function Word Words in square brackets may be omitted Parameters are given in italics such as x y and feed rate The words enclosed in curly brackets are a ra...

Страница 22: ... example if only the X axis is specified e g G00X100 the tool moves only along the X axis with no movement on the Y or Z axes This is also the case when only the Y axis Z axis X and Y axes Y and Z axes or Z and Y axes are specified When addresses X Y and Z are all specified the tool moves along all three axes simultaneously G00 is also effective outside the block until a word of the same group is ...

Страница 23: ...r Z and Y axes are specified When addresses X Y and Z are all specified the tool moves along all three axes simultaneously G01 is also effective outside the block until a word of the same group is encountered If X x Y y Z z is specified in the block after specifying G01 with no G00 G02 or G03 linear interpolation to the specified point is effected This makes it possible to carry out continuous lin...

Страница 24: ... regard for G90 or G91 It is also possible to specify the radius R for the arc instead of using I J or K When the point of the current tool position is specified as the destination for interpolation a circle with a center angle of 360 is cut G02 and G03 differ in the direction of interpolation for the arc i e the direction of tool movement G02 performs clockwise circular interpolation whereas G03 ...

Страница 25: ...ut the programming accordingly An error is generated when an attempt is made to execute a code for starting cutter compensation G41 or G42 while in the circular interpolation mode Two circles with identical radii and passing through two points exist This means that if the interpolation direction radius of the circle and point for the destination of interpolation have been specified there are two c...

Страница 26: ... X x Z z I cx K cz R radius G19 G02 G03 Y y Z z J cy K cz R radius Parameter Function Acceptable range Effective range x Coordinate or movement distance X axis Range 1 Maximum cutting range y Coordinate or movement distance Y axis Range 1 Maximum cutting range z Coordinate or movement distance Z axis Range 1 Maximum cutting range cx Movement distance to circle arc center X axis Range 1 Maximum cut...

Страница 27: ...m of a drilled hole or the like The desired dwell time is specified after X or P X and P are functionally equivalent and may be used interchangeably A numerical value real or integer is used to specify the dwell time The specified time is in seconds when a real number is used and in milliseconds when an integer is used G04X10 0 10 second dwell G04X10000 10 second dwell in millisecond units Paramet...

Страница 28: ...he amount of shift EXOFS to be set for all workpiece coordinate systems The amounts of shift for the coordinate system are specified by x y and z When 0 has been specified for coordinate the value is set with the machine coordinate origin taken as 0 When coordinate specifies the number of a workpiece coordinate system 1 to 6 the value is set with a point shifted from the machine coordinate origin ...

Страница 29: ...ified is indicated by number An integer from 1 to 10 may be specified The amount of offset is indicated by offset A setting within the range of 10 00 to 10 00 mm or within the range of 0 39 inch to 0 39 inch for inch input may be made Setting a negative value for the amount of offset causes the direction of offset to be reversed Example When an amount of offset of 3 mm is specified for offset numb...

Страница 30: ...s in interpretation as shown below Format G20 G21 Description This sets the measurement unit used for movement feed rate and offset amounts G20 sets inch input and G21 sets millimeter input Either G20 or G21 is set at the start of the program before setting the coordinate system G20 and G21 should not be changed during the course of a program The minimum units differ for inch input and millimeter ...

Страница 31: ...erpolation has been performed Programmed path Amount of offset Circular interpolation with radius as amount of offset Programmed path Crossover point 18000 7500 18000 7500 N0132 G17G00G41D01X1000Y1000 N0163 G01X17000 N0164 X18000Y7500 N0132 G17G00G41D01X1000Y1000 N0163 G01X17000 N0164 G39X18000Y7500 X18000y7500 Path traveled by center of tool Path traveled by center of tool G39 is a word which is ...

Страница 32: ... are G40 G41 and G42 G40 Cancel cutter compensation G41 Cutter compensation left G42 Cutter compensation right G17 G00 G01 X x Y y G41 G42 G00 G01 G40 X x Y y D number Parameter Function Acceptable range Effective range x Coordinate or movement distance X axis Range 1 Maximum cutting range y Coordinate or movement distance Y axis Range 1 Maximum cutting range number Offset number 0 10 0 10 Restric...

Страница 33: ...erated Calling a subprogram or returning to the main program Executing M98 or M99 causes an error to be generated Tool change Executing M06 causes an error to be generated Setting the Amount of Offset The PNC 3200 allows amounts of offset to be set individually for offset numbers 1 to 10 An amount of offset can be set using either of two methods 1 Using the display on the PNC 3200 The PNC 3200 s L...

Страница 34: ...left or the right by the amount of offset as it moves forward from the starting point Operation takes place when a command for moving to a block is specified when cutter compensation finishes Now let s take a look at tool movement when cutter compensation is started in actual use As the following figures show the shift from the start of offset to the next operation can be classified as travel on t...

Страница 35: ... Amount of offset Amount of offset Amount of offset Programmed path Path traveled by center of tool From a line to a line Type A From a line to an arc Type A From a line to a line Type B From a line to an arc Type B Start position Amount of offset Start position Programmed path Path traveled by center of tool Amount of offset 45 45 Start position Programmed path Path traveled by center of tool Amo...

Страница 36: ...point Crossover point From an arc to a line From an arc to an arc Path traveled by center of tool Path traveled by center of tool Programmed path a Crossover point Exceptions Inner side passage of 1 or less obtuse angle of 359 or more and less than 360 Amount of offset Amount of offset Programmed path 1 or less Inner Side 180 a Programmed path Programmed path Path traveled by center of tool From a...

Страница 37: ...traveled by center of tool a Amount of offset Path traveled by center of tool Path traveled by center of tool Programmed path a a From a line to a line From a line to an arc Amount of offset From an arc to a line From an arc to an arc Programmed path Amount of offset Amount of offset Amount of offset Amount of offset Amount of offset Outer side Acute Angle a 90 A case such as the following is an e...

Страница 38: ... by center of tool a End point Programmed path Path traveled by center of tool a Path traveled by center of tool Programmed path a Path traveled by center of tool Programmed path a Amount of offset Outer side Obtuse Angle From a line to a line Type A From a line to an arc Type A From a line to a line Type B From a line to an arc Type B Crossover point 90 a 180 Amount of offset Crossover point End ...

Страница 39: ...ount of offset Path traveled by center of tool Programmed path a Amount of offset Amount of offset Path traveled by center of tool Programmed path a From a line to a line Type A From a line to an arc Type A From a line to a line Type B From a line to an arc Type B Exceptions Acute angles of 1 or less 1 or less Outer side Acute Angle a 90 Amount of offset End point End point End point End point End...

Страница 40: ...en enlargement or reduction has been specified with G51 it remains in effect until canceled with G50 or until another program is executed The reference point for enlargement or reduction is specified with the addresses X Y and Z When not specified the current tool position is used as the reference point scale is a numerical value specifying the ratio Its effective range is a ratio of 0 00001 to a ...

Страница 41: ...iece coordinate system 6 G54 through G59 are used to select workpiece coordinate systems which have been set in advance Workpiece coordinate systems 1 through 6 are set using the display on the PNC 3200 Refer to the User s Manual 3 Cutting Using NC Codes for an explanation of how to make the setting Coordinate systems are described on Part 1 Coordinate Systems Z X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z X Y W...

Страница 42: ... tool position along the Z axis after the completion of the fixed cycle G98 specifies a return to the initial level whereas G99 specifies return to the point R level The initial level is the Z axis tool position in effect before the fixed cycle was specified The point R level is set between the Z axis position on the surface of the workpiece and the initial level Point R is specified in order to i...

Страница 43: ... as many times as specified at the same position In incremental programming drilling is carried out as many times as specified at equidistant points as shown in the figure below If K times is not specified drilling is performed only once The effective range is from 0 no drilling to 9 999 times The operation is executed zero times if a number less than 0 i e a negative number is specified and is ex...

Страница 44: ...s Spindle motor stops Spindle motor in rotation Tool Workpiece Initial level Point R level Point Z Tool Workpiece Initial level Point R level Point Z Tool Workpiece Initial level Point R level Point Z Tool Workpiece Initial level Point R level Point Z Maximum speed fast feed Set speed cutting feed Dwell Maximum speed fast feed Set speed cutting feed Maximum speed fast feed Set speed cutting feed ...

Страница 45: ...43 G89 G98 G89 G99 Tool Workpiece Initial level Point R level Point Z Tool Workpiece Initial level Point R level Point Z Maximum speed fast feed Set speed cutting feed Dwell ...

Страница 46: ... Y plane Absolute specifications indicate the position as the distance from the workpiece coordinate origin whereas incremental specifications indicate the amount of movement from the current position Programming that specifies absolute coordinates is called absolute programming and programming which specifies incremental coordinates is termed incremental programming Absolute Incremental The setti...

Страница 47: ...tive only within the block For this reason only coordinate values specified in the same block as G92 are interpreted as the set workpiece coordinates In general the workpiece coordinate origin is not changed during the course of program execution Consequently this word is used at the start of a program Z X Y Tool 20 0 10 0 15 0 Z X Y Executing G92X20 0Y15 0Z10 0 sets the coordinate system taking t...

Страница 48: ...xed cycles Format G99 Description This specifies the tool position along the Z axis after the completion of a fixed cycle G99 specifies return to the point R level The point R level is set between the Z axis position on the surface of the workpiece and the initial level Point R is specified in order to increase the tool movement distance at maximum speed and reduced the cutting time Refer to Fixed...

Страница 49: ...n completed The state of the spindle motor rotating or stopped does not change Format M02 Description This indicates that the main program has ended Format M03 M05 Description M03 instructs the machine to start the spindle motor and M05 instructs the machine to stop it M03 is the only instruction that is available to start the spindle motor Cutting instructions such as G01 G02 and G03 do not inclu...

Страница 50: ...y when M06 is executed If the spindle motor is rotating the rotation stops M06 is active when TOOL CHANGE on the PNC 3200 has been set to PAUSE Canceling the paused state with the FEED HOLD CYCLE ATART key returns the spindle motor and coordinate values to their state before stopping Execution continues from the code which appears after M06 Display when M06 is executed Tool Change Please Hit CANCE...

Страница 51: ...umber of the subprogram A four digit number must be specified For example 0002 is used to specify Program number 2 If a program of the specified number does not exist an error is generated N254M98P0003 N100M98P0002 N101G00X10 M99 N255G00Y5 M99 M99 N176M98P20006 N177G00Y2 O0002 O0005 O0006 N312M98P0004 M99 N313G00Z0 O0003 N447M98P0005 M99 N448G00X0 O0004 Attempting to call another subprogram from a...

Страница 52: ...ion for returning The entire program is searched from its beginning and execution returns to the first program number or sequence number The PNC 3200 does not operate while the number search is in progress The search process may take some time when execution the return destination is a number near the end of a lengthy program An error is generated if the specified number does not exist N100M98P000...

Страница 53: ...Cutting Using NC Codes for information on setting this Specifying the speed in rpm This method specifies the speed in units of rpm revolutions per minute If the specified speed exceeds the maximum speed the maximum speed is set Similarly the minimum speed is set if the specified speed is less than the minimum speed Numerical code specification With this method speeds are pre assigned to numerical ...

Страница 54: ... 22 4 47 224 67 2240 87 22400 08 2 50 28 25 0 48 250 68 2500 88 25000 09 2 80 29 28 0 49 280 69 2800 89 28000 10 3 15 30 31 5 50 315 70 3150 90 31500 11 3 55 31 35 5 51 355 71 3550 91 35500 12 4 00 32 40 0 52 400 72 4000 92 40000 13 4 50 33 45 0 53 450 73 4500 93 45000 14 5 00 34 50 0 54 500 74 5000 94 50000 15 5 60 35 56 0 55 560 75 5600 95 56000 16 6 30 36 63 0 56 630 76 6300 96 63000 17 7 10 37...

Страница 55: ...inch min in 0 0001 inch min units If a speed exceeding the maximum speed is specified the maximum speed is set In the same way the minimum speed is set if the specified speed is less than the minimum speed The feed rate which is actually used is determined in a stepwise manner on the PNC 3200 The actual feed rate is either 0 5 mm sec or from 1 to 30 mm sec in steps of 1 mm sec The equivalent per m...

Страница 56: ...umber Description Program numbers are sequential numbers for programs A program begins with a program number and ends with either M02 M30 or M99 The program number is specified at the start of a program The number parameter is a program number and is specified with an integer of up to four digits i e from 1 to 9 999 Normally a four digit number is specified For example 0002 is specified for progra...

Страница 57: ... block containing only a must appear at the start of the data No other word should be specified within a block in which or ER is specified This notifies the machine of the start or end of the data When it is present at the end of the data its effect varies according to the data transmission method When data is temporarily saved in the PNC 3200 s buffer Edit data registration ends automatically Whe...

Страница 58: ...ine ISO uses LF and EIA uses CR carriage return Refer to Character Code Table ISO EIA and ASCII for a table of the character code systems The character code system is selected from the machine Refer to the User s Manual 3 Cutting Using NC Codes for a description of the setting procedure Format message Description Comments can be included within a program A text string appearing between a and is co...

Страница 59: ...polation Counterclockwise circular interpolation Dwell Data setting Specifies the X Y plane Specifies the Z X plane Specifies the Y Z plane Inch input Millimeter input Corner offset circular interpolation Cancel cutter compensation Cutter compensation left Cutter compensation right Cancels scaling Scaling Selects workpiece coordinate system 1 Selects workpiece coordinate system 2 Selects workpiece...

Страница 60: ...led or changed Effective only within the block in which specified Spindle speed Functions S Functions The setting made on the PNC 3200 determines whether the operation is performed simultaneously with specification or after completion of the block in which the specification is made Feed Functions F Functions The setting made on the PNC 3200 determines whether the operation is performed simultaneou...

Страница 61: ...29 7F 2A 3E 80 10 0B 32 1 2 19 4 21 22 7 8 25 97 98 115 100 117 118 103 104 121 81 82 67 84 69 70 87 88 73 50 35 52 37 38 55 56 41 127 42 62 128 16 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z DEL BS HT LF CR SP 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 7F 08 09 0A 0D 20 25 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57...

Страница 62: ...60 MEMO ...

Страница 63: ......

Страница 64: ...R3 001018 NC code PNC 3200 ...

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